CCNA ‫کۆرسی‬

200-301
)٧( ‫بەشی حەوتەم‬

Layer 2 Address (MAC) and Basic Switching Concepts

Agenda

• MAC Address

• MAC Address Formats

• MAC Address Transmission Types

• Testing Scenario

• CDP & LLDP

• Interface Status
Reminder

• Video 1-6 (beginning to page 105)

• Video 7 (from page 106-126)

MAC Address
• Media Access Control Address(MAC): address is a hardware identification number that
uniquely identifies each device on a network. The MAC address is manufactured into
every network card, such as an Ethernet card or Wi-Fi card, and therefore cannot be
changed.
• MAC Addresses are unique 48-bits hardware number of a computer, which is embedded
into network card, during the time of manufacturing. MAC Address is also known as
Physical Address of a network device.

• MAC Address is word wide unique, since millions of network devices exists and we need
to uniquely identify each.
MAC Address Format
• MAC Address is a 12-digit hexadecimal number (6-Byte binary number), which is mostly
represented by Colon-Hexadecimal notation. First 6-digits (say 00:40:96) of MAC Address
identifies the manufacturer, called as OUI (Organizational Unique Identifier). IEEE
Registration Authority Committee assign these MAC prefixes to its registered vendors.

CC:46:D6 - Cisco
3C:5A:B4 - Google, Inc.
3C:D9:2B - Hewlett Packard
00:9A:CD - HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD
What is Hexa?
MAC Address Transmission Types
1. Unicast – A Unicast addressed frame is only sent out to the interface leading to specific NIC. If the LSB
(least significant bit) of first octet of an address is set to zero, the frame is meant to reach only one receiving
NIC. MAC Address of source machine is always Unicast.
MAC Address Transmission Types
2. Multicast – Multicast address allow the source to send a frame to group of devices. In Layer-2 (Ethernet)
Multicast address, LSB (least significant bit) of first octet of an address is set to one. IEEE has allocated the
address block 01-80-C2-xx-xx-xx (01-80-C2-00-00-00 to 01-80-C2-FF-FF-FF) for group addresses for use by
standard protocols.
MAC Address Transmission Types
3. Broadcast – Similar to Network Layer, Broadcast is also possible on underlying layer( Data Link Layer).
Ethernet frames with ones in all bits of the destination address (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF) are referred as broadcast
address. Frames which are destined with MAC address FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF will reach to every computer
belong to that LAN segment.
MAC Address Examples (Windows)
• Use “getmac” command in CMD to find your laptops MAC address and notice the format that Windows
use: 00-22-19-97-99-9A
MAC Address Examples (Linux)
• Use “ifconfig” command in Linux terminal to find your computers MAC address and notice the format that
Linux use: 18:67:b0:72:bf:e7
MAC Address Examples (Cisco)
• Use “show mac-address-table” command on your Cisco device to see the MAC address and notice the
format that Cisco use: 00b0.6419.b326
MAC Address Vendors
• Use “macvendors.com” to find the vendor who created the NIC card that you use:
Testing Scenario
• Use “show mac-address-table” command on your Cisco device to see the MAC address, clear and check
the aging time.
CDP
• Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) is a network discovery tool, which assists network administrators and
engineers in identifying neighboring Cisco devices. CDP is a Layer 2 proprietary protocol that is default-
enabled on all Cisco devices including routers and switches.
LLDP
• LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is an IEEE standard protocol (IEEE 802.1AB) that defines messages,
encapsulated in Ethernet frames for the purpose of giving devices a means of announcing basic device
information to other devices on the LAN through periodic retransmissions out each port every 30 seconds
by default. It is a standardized protocol similar to CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol). It is a vendor
independent link layer protocol used for network topology, troubleshooting and network management
automation.
Interface Status
• Show interface status
Duplex
Quiz
Q1/Which three statements about MAC addresses are correct? (Choose three.)

A. To communicate with other devices on a network, a network device must have a unique MAC address.
B. The MAC address is also referred to as the IP address.
C. The MAC address of a device must be configured in the Cisco IOS CLI by a user with administrative
privileges.
D. A MAC address contains two main components, the first of which identifies the manufacturer of the
hardware and the second of which uniquely identifies the hardware.
E. An example of a MAC address is 0A:26:B8:D6:65:90.
F. A MAC address contains two main components, the first of which identifies the network on which the host
resides and the second of which uniquely identifies the host on the network.
Quiz
Q1/Which three statements about MAC addresses are correct? (Choose three.)

A. To communicate with other devices on a network, a network device must have a unique MAC address.
B. The MAC address is also referred to as the IP address.
C. The MAC address of a device must be configured in the Cisco IOS CLI by a user with administrative
privileges.
D. A MAC address contains two main components, the first of which identifies the manufacturer of the
hardware and the second of which uniquely identifies the hardware.
E. An example of a MAC address is 0A:26:B8:D6:65:90.
F. A MAC address contains two main components, the first of which identifies the network on which the host
resides and the second of which uniquely identifies the host on the network.
Quiz
Q2/What is the destination MAC address of a broadcast frame?

A. 00:00:0c:07:ac:01
B. ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
C. 43:2e:08:00:00:0c
D. 00:00:0c:43:2e:08
E. 00:00:0c:ff:ff:ff
Quiz
Q2/What is the destination MAC address of a broadcast frame?

A. 00:00:0c:07:ac:01
B. ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
C. 43:2e:08:00:00:0c
D. 00:00:0c:43:2e:08
E. 00:00:0c:ff:ff:ff
Quiz
Q3/When a packet is forwarded through a network from one host to another host, which of the following
fields in the Ethernet frame will change at every hop?

A. Source IP address
B. Destination MAC address
C. Source port number
D. Destination IP address
Quiz
Q3/When a packet is forwarded through a network from one host to another host, which of the following
fields in the Ethernet frame will change at every hop?

A. Source IP address
B. Destination MAC address
C. Source port number
D. Destination IP address
References
1. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/introduction-of-mac-address-in-computer-network/?ref=lbp

2. https://macvendors.com/

3. https://www.learncisco.net/courses/icnd-1/network-environment-management/neighbors-on-the-network.html

4. https://www.routerfreak.com/configure-lldp-link-layer-discovery-protocol/

5. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst2960/software/release/12-2_37_ey/configuration/guide/scg/swlldp.pdf
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