PH.D.

QUALIFYING EXAMINATION IN REAL ANALYSIS

Department of Mathematics

Addis Ababa University

April 04, 2015

INSTRUCTIONS:
• You may use standard theorems in your work. However, any theorem
used must be properly quoted.
• All steps must be justified.

PART I - Do only two

I−1 Show that f : R → (−1, 1) given by

x
f (x) =
1 + |x|
is bijective. Find a formula for the inverse function f −1 : (−1, 1) → R.

I−2 Show that the polynomial p(x) = x7 + 11x5 + x3 − 89 has exactly one
real root.

I−3 Suppose f : Rn → R is twice differentiable with continuous second

derivative at p ∈ Rn . If p is a critical point of f and the Hessian of f at
p is positive definite, then show that f has a local minimum at p.

I−4 Show that the following function is (i) continuous on R and (ii) differ-
entiable on R.
∞
X x
f (x) = .
n=1
x2 + n2
2

PART II - Do only three

II−1 Let (X, M, µ) be a measure space, f : X

R → [0, ∞] be measurable, and
A = {x ∈ X : f (x) = ∞}. Show that if X f dµ < ∞, then µ(A) = 0.

II−2 Suppose {fn } is a sequence of Lebesgue measurable functions on R such

that fn ≤ f on R for some Lebesgue integrable function f on R. Use
Fatou’s lemma to show that
Z Z
lim sup fn ≤ lim sup fn .
n→∞ R R n→∞

II−3 Let C ⊆ [0, 1] be the Cantor set, and let f : [0, 1] → [0, ∞) be given by
f (x) = 0 on C, and f (x) = 4n in each complementary interval
R1 of length
−n
3 . Show that f is Lebesgue measurable and compute 0 f (x) dx.

II−4 Let (X, M, µ) be a measure space such that µ(X) < ∞. If fn → f in

Lp (X, µ) for some p > 1, show that fn → f in Lq (X, µ) for any q with
1 ≤ q ≤ p.

II−5 Let X be a normed linear space, with norm k · k, over the complex field
C. If a linear functional f on X is not continuous, show that
{f (x) : kxk ≤ 1} = C.