Science 10

Quarter 3 – Module 3
The Nervous System

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Parts and Functions
Lesson
of the Nervous
1 System

What’s New

What is the nervous system?

The nervous system is your body's

decision and communication center. The first
division, the central nervous system (CNS),
consists of the brain and the spinal cord while
the second division, the peripheral nervous
system (PNS), involves all of the nerves.
Together, they control every part of your daily life,
from breathing and blinking to helping you
memorize facts for a test. Nerves reach out from your
brain to your face, ears, eyes, nose, and to the spinal
cord which connects to the rest of the body. Figure 1.1 The brain structure

What Is It

MAJOR DIVISIONS AND PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

In this section, the different components that make up the nervous system will
be discussed in more detail.
THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The CNS receives and processes all of the information from all parts of the
body. In other words, it controls the entire organ system of the body. The following are
the major parts of the CNS:

1
A. The Brain

The brain is the control center of the nervous system. It has three main parts:
the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Moreover, it is divided into three main
regions: the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem.

Figure 1.2 Parts of the brain

Table 1.1 Parts and Functions of the Brain

PART FUNCTION
Forebrain contains the cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
and hippocampus
 Cerebrum center of intelligence and thinking; associated with
higher brain functions such as thought and action
○ Frontal Lobe associated with reasoning, planning, parts of
speech, movement, emotions, and problem
solving
○ Parietal Lobe associated with movement, orientation and the
recognition and perception of stimuli
○ Occipital Lobe associated with visual processing
○ Temporal Lobe associated with perception and recognition of
auditory stimuli, memory and speech
 Thalamus relays motor and sensory signal to the cerebrum
 Hypothalamus regulates the sleep-wake cycle
 Amygdala controls emotions such as fear and aggression
 Hippocampus holds memory storage and retrieval
Midbrain connects the forebrain and hindbrain
Hindbrain holds the cerebellum, pons and medulla

2
 oblongata
 Cerebellum for coordination, movement, posture and balance
 Pons involves motor control and sensory analysis
 Medulla Oblongata controls autonomic functions

B. The Spinal Cord

The spinal cord is about 40-50 cm long. Through it, the brain and the body
becomes interconnected. Composing the nerve tissues of the cord is a gray and white
matter. The spinal cord transmits impulses all over the body to and from the brain. It is
also responsible for involuntary movements.

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

The PNS contains all the nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord. It carries
impulses from the sensory nerves to the CNS and from the CNS to the motor nerves.
The PNS is further divided into two more divisions – the somatic and autonomic
nervous systems.

a. The Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

The SNS regulates the activities that are under conscious control. It includes all
the nerves controlling the muscular system and external sensory receptors.
Specifically, these receptors refer to the external sense organs – the eyes, ears,
nose, skin, and tongue.

b. The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

This is a part of the PNS which includes the motor neurons that control the
internal organs. This means that the ANS regulates all activities that are considered as
involuntary or those reflexes that are done without conscious will. Some of its
functions include controlling the muscles in the heart and the smooth muscles in the
internal organs such as the intestines, bladder and the uterus.
The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems.

1. Sympathetic - It is known as the “fight or flight response” which controls the

internal functions of the body in times of stress. In addition, it is responsible
for the acceleration of heart rate, the constriction of blood vessels and the
rise of blood pressure.

Example:

3
 2. Parasympathetic – It is known as the “rest and digest” which is the
opposite of the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the internal
functions at rest. Thus, it slows down the heart rate and increases the
intestinal and gland activities.

Example:

What’s More

ACTIVITY 1: PERFECT MATCH!

Instruction: Match the function in column A with the appropriate structure in column B.
Write the letter only of your answer on a separate sheet of paper. (1 point
each)

COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. center of emotion a. amygdala
_____2. relays sensory and motor signals b. brain stem
_____3. little brain c. cerebellum
_____4. for motor and sensory analysis d. cerebrum
_____5. connects the forebrain and midbrain e. frontal lobe
_____6. center of intelligence f. hindbrain
_____7. pons, medulla and midbrain g. hippocampus
_____8. regulates the sleep-wake cycle h. hypothalamus
_____9. controls autonomic actions i. medulla
_____10. gray and white matter j. midbrain
_____11. for memory and message retrieval k. occipital lobe
_____12. holds the cerebellum, pons l. pons
and medulla oblongata
_____13. associated with reasoning and m. spinal cord
problem solving
_____14. associated with visual processing n. temporal Lobe
_____15. associated with perception o. thalamus

4
 ACTIVITY 2: CREATE ME!
Instruction: Create a concept map of the nervous system. Write your answers on
an extra sheet of paper.

What I Have Learned

Instruction: Complete the following paragraph using the important terms you
have learned in this lesson. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity. (1 point
each)
The nervous system has two main divisions: 1. _____________________ and
2. _____________________. The CNS is composed of the 3. ______________and
the 4. _____________________that receives and processes all information from all
parts of the body. On the other hand, the PNS is composed of 5.
____________________connected to the brain and spinal cord. The 6.
_____________________is the control center of the nervous system. It has three
main parts: 7. ______________8. ______________ and 9. _________________. It is
also divided into its three main regions: 10. ____________11. ____________ and 12.
_________________. The peripheral nervous system has two divisions the 13.
______________ and autonomic nervous system that is further divided into the 14.
____________ and 15. _________________.

5
 What I Can Do

Instruction: Using any android or smart phone, take 5 pictures of activities that help
to take care of your nervous system. You can post them on your
Facebook account or simply paste them on a separate sheet of paper.

1. 4.

3.

2.
5.

Assessment

Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the LETTER of the best answer. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Tell which activity activates the parasympathetic nervous system.

A. a boy dancing C. a teenager having her Zumba
B. a girl hopping D. a man relaxing
2. Classify the following organs: eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue.
A. autonomic nervous system C. sympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. parasympathetic nervous system
3. Figure out what is responsible for involuntary movements.
A. autonomic nervous system C. parasympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system
4. Identify which makes up the nerve cells.
A. autonomic nervous system C. peripheral nervous system
B. central nervous system D. sensory nervous system
5. Choose which is accountable for voluntary actions.
A. autonomic nervous system C. somatic nervous system
B. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system
6. Complete this sentence: ___________ carry all impulses throughout the body to
and from the brain.
A. cerebrum C. pons
B. medulla oblongata D. spinal cord

6
7. Choose which of the following is associated with balance.
A. brain stem B. cerebrum C. cerebellum D. pons
8. Examine which controls autonomic functions like breathing, heart and blood vessel
function, and digestion.
A. cerebellum C. medulla oblongata
B. hypothalamus D. pons
9. Infer which is responsible for memory retention.
A. cerebrum C. medulla oblongata
B. hippocampus D. pons
10. Determine what controls emotions such as crying.
A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. hippocampus D. thalamus
11. Distinguish which of the following is a receptor.
A. bladder B. nose C. heart muscle D. intestine
12. Predict what regulates the sleeping cycle.
A. amygdala B. hypothalamus C. hippocampus D. thalamus
13. Describe the role of the thalamus.
A. It functions to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebrum.
B. It is the main control system of the body.
C. It is the center of intelligence and thinking.
D. It is responsible for emotions.
14. Select which of the following works for intelligence and thinking.
A. cerebellum C. medulla oblongata
B. cerebrum D. pons
15. Name the central control system of the body.
A. brain C. neurotransmitter
B. neurons D. spinal cord

Additional Activities

Instruction: Create a music video, song, or poem to illustrate both of the cited
content below.
 Give the two main divisions of the nervous system; the main parts of CNS and
PNS; and the two divisions of PNS and its two further subcategory.
 The main functions of CNS and PNS.

7
 Criteria Very Good Good Fair Poor Score
5 4 3 0
Content Gives the two Gives the two Gives two No
main divisions of main divisions of main Product
the nervous the nervous divisions of
system, the main system, the main nervous
parts of CNS and parts of CNS system, the
PNS, the two and PNS, the main parts of
divisions of the two divisions of CNS and
PNS, the two the PNS and two PNS and the
subdivisions of subdivisions of two divisions
PNS and PNS of the PNS
mentions the
main function of
the CNS and
PNS

Creativity All parts of the Some parts of All parts of No

video, song, video, song, the video, product
poem or poem or song, poem
illustration are illustration are or illustration
original not original are not
original
Time Able to finish One day late 2 or more No
Management before or on the days late product
deadline

8
Lesson The Pathway of the
2 Nervous System

What’s New

Today, we are going to go deeper to discover how a message is passed from a

stimulus to get a response. As you have just learned, the nervous system is
connected to the different organs of the body and the senses. These organs are
composed of different receptors: for the eyes, photoreceptors; for the ears,
mechanoreceptors; for the tongue, chemoreceptors; for the nose, olfactory
receptors; for pain, nociceptors; and thermoreceptor for temperature. With these
receptors, the nervous system is able to get all of the information on all happenings
around the body.

When playing, studying or working, you take some time to think about how you
are going to respond in these situations. All of these activities are always controlled by
the nervous system. Prepare to discover more about the nervous system as we
continue to journey into your body's decision and communication center.

Figure 2.1 Transfer of information from the stimulus to the brain

9
 What Is It

THE NEURONS

The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron or nerve cell which carries
impulses to the nervous system. A neuron is composed of the following parts:
dendrites, nucleus, cell body, axon, nodes of Ranvier, myelin sheath cells and
the axon terminal.

Figure 2.2 Parts of the nerve cell

A neuron is composed of the cell body which contains the nucleus and is
covered by myelin sheath with an axon terminal at its end. The dendrites receive the
impulses and carry these toward the cell body while the axon carries the impulses
away from the cell body which passes along the different parts of the neuron. Axons
then pass the impulses to the dendrites of the other neurons’ cell body in the muscle
cells. At the end of these dendrites, signals originate as a dendrite is called the
receptor site of neurons.

Classification of Neurons

1. Sensory or affective neurons carry impulses from the sense organs to the
brain and spinal cord.
2. Motor or effective neurons carry impulses from the brain and spinal cord to
the muscles.
3. Associative neurons, located in the CNS, analyze and interpret the data or
impulses.

10
How is a message transported?

The stimulus had triggered the information sent to the central nervous system
as the reaction to the stimulus response happened. The five sense organs namely,
the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin collect the information and send it to the brain in
a nerve impulse. A nerve impulse is a wave of a chemical reaction and
electrochemical change. When a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal,
neurotransmitters are released which send the information across the synapse to
stimulate the next neuron. The information transmitted is called action potential.
Meanwhile, reaction time happens in the length of time between the activation of the
stimulus up to its recognition. In order to live day by day, an organism must be able to
respond to these different stimuli.

Figure 2.3 The stimulus response model

11
 As shown in Figure 2.3, once a stimulus is detected through a receptor or a
sense organ (eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue), the sensory neuron carries the
message to the brain from one nerve cell to another. When the message is received
by the brain, it processes the information and orders the effector (muscles or glands)
to respond to the message. To deliver a response, the motor neuron sends a
message away from the brain.
As distinct as these functions are, it is still of high importance that these body
parts function with balance and coordination with one another to attain homeostasis.
What is homeostasis? Read on to learn more about this important body condition.

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is the condition wherein the human body system is maintained in

balance despite the changing factors outside. The organ system of the body which
includes the cells, tissues and other body parts is responsible in maintaining the
balance inside. This is possible by making the internal environment always in good
condition by keeping things in balance and to make certain adjustments, if needed.
Regulating the internal environment is very important to make the organs function
well. The following components are necessary in maintaining homeostasis:

1. Stimulus – The variable that is being regulated.

2. Sensor – It monitors the value of the variable and sends the message to the
control center.
3. Control Center – It matches the data to the normal values.
4. Effector – The organ, gland, muscle or other body parts that act on the
message from the control center to move back to the set point to regulate
the body.
Let us take your body temperature as an example. The body’s core
temperature is 37 degrees Celsius. When it overheats, like what happens when
exercising, the sensors send a message to the brain to regulate the heat and this is
why you sweat afterward. The sweat sets the body’s temperature back to its regular
level. To maintain the values in normal range, negative feedback happens in a loop
that includes the stimulus, sensor, control center and effector. Negative feedback
loops can control the body temperature and even the glucose level. Positive
feedback, on the other hand, is not so common. This type of feedback serves to
intensify a response until endpoint is reached. Some examples include blood clotting
and childbirth.
When homeostatic mechanism is not in balance, organ failure or diseases
could happen.

12
 What’s More

ACTIVITY 1: NAME ME!

Instruction: Identify the parts and functions of a nerve cell.

Give the function of the following parts:

12. Axon- _________________________________________

13. Dendrites - ____________________________________
14. Cell Body- _____________________________________
15. Myelin sheath-_________________________________

ACTIVITY 2: YOU A-MAZE ME!

Instruction: Trace the pathway on how a message is transported from the stimulus
to the brain. (15 points)

13
 What I Have Learned

Instruction: Complete the following paragraph using the terms that you have learned
in this lesson. Write your answer on another paper. (1 point each)

The basic unit of the nervous system is the 1. _______________or nerve cell.
Neurons carry 2. _______________to the nervous system. A neuron is composed of
the following parts: 3______________, 4. _____________, 5. _______________, 6.
_________________, 7. ______________, 8. _____________and axon terminal.
Neurons are classified as 9. _______________,10. _____________, 11.
____________. The stimulus triggers the information sent to the central nervous
system as the reaction to the stimulus 12. _______________happened. The five
senses collect the information and send it to the brain in a 13. _______________.
When a nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal, 14. _______________ are released
which sends information across the 15. _______________ to stimulate the next
neuron. An organism must respond to a stimulus in order to survive daily.

What I Can Do

Instruction: Cite three (3) situations or experiences which show that your nervous
system is working well. You can draw, take pictures or create a video. (5
points each)

14
 Assessment

Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the LETTER of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Tell what will happen if there is balance and harmony among the organ systems.
A. disease C. epistasis
B. disorder D. homeostasis
2. Classify the following parts of the body: muscles and glands.
A. effector C. stimuli
B. neurons D. receptors
3. Identify which part of the neuron sends information away from the cell body.
A. axon C. dendrite
B. axon terminal D. myelin sheath
4. Differentiate photoreceptors from mechanoreceptors.
A. Photoreceptors are for the eyes while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
B. Photoreceptors are for the eyes while mechanoreceptors are for the nose.
C. Photoreceptors are for the pain while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
D. Photoreceptors are for the taste while mechanoreceptors are for the ears.
5. Figure out which of the following sends a message to the brain through a chemical
reaction.
A. action potential B. nerve impulse C. stimulus D. response
6. Infer which of the following carries a message towards the cell.
A. axon B. cell body C. dendrite D. myelin sheath
7. Choose which of the following parts receives and carries a message.
A. axon C. nerve body
B. dendrite D. neuron
8. Examine which situation uses the olfactory receptors.
A. a boy eating a cake C. a girl whispering to her friend
B. a girl playing with her bike D. a mother baking
9. Complete this statement: Ears are to mechanoreceptors while the nose is to
_________.
A. chemoreceptors C. olfactory receptors
B. photoreceptors D. thermoreceptors
10. Choose which of the following uses photoreceptors.
A. ears B. eyes C. nose D. skin
11. Determine which of the following neurons is sensitive if hurt.
A. chemo receptors C. nociceptors
B. mechanoreceptor D. thermoreceptors
12. Comparing a computer to a neuron, what part could the neuron be?
A. CPU B. keyboard C. monitor D. mouse
13. Describe a synapse.
A. It carries messages to the cell body.
B. It carries messages away from the cell body.

15
 C. It is a gap between the axon and the dendrites of another neuron.
D. It is a gap between the axon and the axon terminal of another neuron.
14. Select which part of the neuron encloses the nucleus.
A. axon B. cell body C. dendrite D. myelin sheath
15. What is the other name for a neuron?
A. dendrite C. nerve body
B. nerve cell D. axon

Additional Activities

Instruction: Answer the crossword puzzle with the terms and concepts that you
have learned about the nervous system. (1 point each)

ACROSS
1. happens in the length of time
between the activation of stimulus
and recognition
2. receptors such as eyes, ears, nose,
skin and tongue
3. neurotransmitters are released here
when reached by a nerve impulse
4. a wave of chemical reaction
and electrochemical change
5. a kind of neuron that carries
impulses from the sense organs
to the brain and spinal cord
6. signals originate here at the end of
the dendrites
7. located within the cell body
8. receives impulses and carries
them towards the cell body
16
DOWN
1. carries impulses away
from the cell body
2. a reaction to the
stimulus
3. a kind of neuron that is
composed of muscles or
glands
4. located between neurons
5. encloses the nucleus
6. also known as the nerve cell
7. triggers the information to
be sent to the central
nervous system
Lesson Nervous System
3 Diseases

What’s New
As cited earlier, the organ system of the body which includes the cells, tissues
and other body parts is responsible in maintaining the balance inside and this balance
is called homeostasis. This is possible by making the internal environment in good
condition and keeping things in balance and to make adjustments if the need arises.
When homeostatic mechanism is not achieved, diseases may occur.

What Is It

A nervous system problem may occur slowly in time thus its loss of function is
gradually felt. Sometimes though, it may happen very suddenly and can be highly life
threatening. Below, you will find some signs and symptoms of nervous system
disorders:

 persistent or sudden onset of headaches;

 loss of feeling or tingling;
 weakness or loss of muscle strength;
 loss of sight;
 memory loss;
 impaired mental ability; and
 lack of coordination.

On the succeeding page, an outline of these disorders is presented.

Nervous System Diseases

NAME DESCRIPTION

Alzheimer’s Disease This is a type of brain damage that causes loss of memory
and problems in speaking or thinking which may get worse
over time.
Aphasia It entails loss of speech which usually happens to a person
who suffers from stroke or traumatic brain injury. They have
difficulty in saying the right words, or they may even start to
speak slowly and eventually, totally lose their speech.

17
Cerebrovascular This is also known as stroke wherein a blood vessel may
Accident (CVA) burst leading to internal bleeding or blood clot which deprives
the brain from getting oxygen. The person may experience
paralysis, loss of speech or loss of vision.
Brain Tumor A growth in the brain that leads to increased pressure inside
the skull or destruction and compression of normal brain
tissue that causes function loss. A person also can suffer
from headaches and seizures.
Epilepsy Some may experience seizure and high fever in a short time.
It has no permanent after-effect.
Multiple Sclerosis It shows multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the
insulating layer of the nerve fiber. The loss of insulation can
cause a short circuit in the nerve cell. Patients with this
condition suffer from paralysis, sensory disturbance or even
blindness.
Meningitis It is a swelling of the lining around the brain and spinal cord.
It is caused by virus and bacteria. The person may suffer
from headache, vomiting, insomnia and seizure.
Parkinson’s This refers to a problem within the nerve cells of the brain
Disease that controls movement. It may cause problems in balance or
walking, as well as confusion and memory loss.
Peripheral In this disorder, the peripheral nerves are affected. The
Neuropathy person can suffer from pain and loss of feeling in the feet,
legs and hands.
Transient Ischemic “Ischemia” which means no enough blood is related to the
Attack (TIA) circulatory system. There is therefore an insufficient blood
supply to the brain that may show in some stroke symptoms
like weakness of the arms and partial loss of vision.

Mental Health Disorders

The following are some common illnesses pertaining to the mental health:
1. Anxiety: uncomfortable feeling of fear; uneasiness; or overthinking that
something bad may happen
2. Panic Disorder: repeated episodes of sudden fear; or feeling of great danger
and impending doom

3. Depression or Psychosis: a state of being sad; loss of happiness; lack of

interest on things; wanting to be away from others; and loss of energy. It
is not a normal sadness or grief that is manifested with low energy.

Worldwide, many suffer from depression especially during the time of the
COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, we should always find ways and means in order to divert
such depression which, if not addressed, may lead to the loss of many lives.

18
 Figure 3.1 Overcoming depression during the COVID-19 pandemic
Source:Free image

How to keep your body and nervous system healthy?

To keep your body and nervous system in good shape, strive to do the
following on a daily basis:

1. perform a regular exercise;

2. refrain from smoking;
3. get plenty of rest;
4. drink 8-10 glasses of water; and
5. eat a well-balanced diet.

19
 What’s More

ACTIVITY: YOU INSPIRE ME!

Instruction: Name the common disease of the nervous system that is being
described. (2 points each)

NAME DESCRIPTION
“Ischemia” which means no enough blood is related to the circulatory
system. There is therefore an insufficient blood supply to the brain
1. that may show in some stroke symptoms like weakness of the arms
and partial loss of vision.
This refers to a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that
2. controls movement. It may cause problems in balance or walking, as
well as confusion and memory loss.
It shows multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer
of the nerve fiber. The loss of insulation can cause a short circuit to
3. the nerve cell. Patients with this condition suffer from paralysis,
sensory disturbance or even blindness.
A growth in the brain that leads to increased pressure inside the skull
4. or destruction and compression of normal brain tissue that causes
function loss. A person also can suffer from headaches and seizures.
This is also known as stroke wherein a blood vessel may burst
leading to internal bleeding or blood clot which deprives the brain
5. from getting oxygen. The person may experience paralysis, loss of
speech or loss of vision.
This is a type of brain damage that causes loss of memory and
6. problems in speaking or thinking which may get worse over time.
In this disorder, the peripheral nerves are affected. The person can
7. suffer from pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs and hands.
It is a swelling of the lining around the brain and spinal cord. It is
8. caused by virus and bacteria. The person may suffer from headache,
vomiting, insomnia and seizure.
Some may experience seizure and high fever in a short time. It has
9. no permanent after-effect.
It entails loss of speech which usually happens to a person who
10. suffers from stroke or traumatic brain injury. They have difficulty in
saying the right words, or they may even start to speak slowly and
eventually, totally lose their speech.

20
 What I Have Learned

Instruction: Complete the following paragraph with the terms you have acquired
from this topic. Write your answer on another paper. (1 point each)

Nervous system problems may occur 1. __________________of function.

Sometimes this may happen 2. ______________ and can be life threatening. Signs
and symptoms of nervous system disorders include the following: 3. _________ or
sudden onset of headache, 4. _____________________, 5. __________________, 6.
_______________ and 7. _________________. There are three kinds of mental
health disorders, namely: 8. ______________, 9. _____________ and 10.
_____________. In order to keep your body and nervous system healthy, you should
11. _____________,12. _______________, 13. ______________,
14. ______________ and 15. ____________________.

What I Can Do

Instruction: Construct a slogan or “hugot” line about the nervous system. (15 points)

21
 Assessment

Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the CAPITAL LETTER of the best answer. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Classify the following receptors: loss of sight and memory.

A. anxiety disorder C. symptoms of a nervous system disorder
B. mental health disorder D. ways to keep the nervous system healthy
2. Tell which of the following suffers from pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs and
hands.
A. brain tumor B. epilepsy C. meningitis D. peripheral neuropathy
3. What is an Alzheimer’s disease?
A. a brain damage that causes loss of memory, or problems with speaking and
thinking
B. a growth in the brain that leads to increased pressure inside the skull
C. a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls movement
D. a disease that brings pain and loss of feeling in the feet, legs and hands
4. Select which of the following diseases manifests pressure inside the skull or
destruction and compression of the normal brain tissue that leads to function
loss.
A. aphasia C. epilepsy
B. brain tumor D. meningitis
5. Identify which mental health disorder involves being sad and unhappy.
A. anxiety C. panic disorder
B. depression D. stress
6. Describe aphasia.
A. a brain damage that causes loss of memory or problems with speaking and
thinking
B. involves loss of speech which usually happens to a person who suffers from
stroke or traumatic brain injury
C. causes loss of insulation that leads to a short circuit on the nerve cell
D. an insufficient blood supply to the brain
7. Compare anxiety from panic disorder.
A. Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of fear, uneasiness or overthinking while
panic disorder is the repeated episodes of sudden fear and impending
doom.
B. Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of fear, uneasiness or overthinking while
panic disorder is a state of being sad or unhappy.
C. Anxiety is a state of being sad or unhappy while panic disorder is the
repeated episodes of sudden fear and impending doom.
D. Anxiety is a state of being sad or unhappy while panic disorder is the
repeated episodes of sudden fear and impending doom.
8. Determine which of the following is a sign of a nervous system disorder.
A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. getting a regular exercise
B. eating a balanced diet D. losing a memory

22
 9. Infer which of the following involves a problem within the nerve cells of the brain
that controls movement.
A. aphasia C. peripheral neuropathy
B. Parkinson’s disease D. multiple sclerosis
10. Choose which of the following keeps your body and nervous system healthy.
A. drinking 8-10 glasses of water C. eating junk food
B. not taking a rest D. using tobacco
11. Examine which shows fear zone during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A. I complain frequently. C. I identify with emotion.
B.I evaluate information. D. I stop compulsive buying.
12. Differentiate Parkinson’s from Alzheimer’s disease.
A. Parkinson’s is a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls
movement while Alzheimer’s entails a loss of memory.
B. Parkinson’s is a problem within the nerve cells of the brain that controls
movement while Alzheimer’s entails loss of speech.
C. Parkinson’s entails loss of speech while Alzheimer’s involves loss of
memory.
D. Parkinson’s entails an insufficient blood supply to the brain while Alzheimer’s
involves loss of memory.
13. Complete the statement: Cerebrovascular accident is also known as _________.
A. ischemia B. seizure C. meningitis D. stroke
14. Choose which of the following parts receives and carries information in the
learning zone.
A.I am empathetic. C. I thank others.
B. I complain frequently. D. I recognize we’re all trying our best.
15. Figure out which zone includes thanking people who help others during COVID
19.
A. acceptance zone C. growth zone
B. fear zone D. learning zone

Additional Activities

Instruction: In 3-5 sentences, share any activities that show how you can take good
care of the nervous system. (15 points)
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

23
 Summative Assessment

Multiple Choice
Direction: Choose the LETTER of the best answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Name the main control system of the body.

A. brain B. neurons C. neurotransmitter D. spinal cord
2. Select which of the following is the center of intelligence and thinking.
A. cerebellum B. cerebrum C. medulla oblongata D. pons
3. Describe the function of the thalamus.
A. It functions to relay motor and sensory signals to the cerebrum.
B. It is the main control system of the body.
C. It is the center of intelligence and thinking.
D. It is responsible for the emotions.
4. Predict what regulates the sleep-wake cycle.
A. amygdala C. hippocampus
B. hypothalamus D. thalamus
5. Determine what controls emotions such as fear and aggression.
A. amygdala C. hippocampus
B. hypothalamus D. thalamus
6. Infer which is responsible for memory storage and retrieval.
A. cerebrum C. medulla oblongata
B. hippocampus D. pons
7. Choose which of the following is associated with the regulation and coordination of
movement, posture and balance.
A. brain stem B. cerebrum C. cerebellum D. pons
8. Examine which controls autonomic functions like breathing, heart and blood vessel
function, and digestion.
A. autonomic nervous system C. sympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. parasympathetic nervous system
9. Complete this sentence: ___________ carry all impulses throughout the body to
and from the brain.
A. cerebrum C. pons
B. medulla oblongata D. spinal cord
10. Choose which is responsible for voluntary actions.
A. autonomic nervous system C. sympathetic nervous system
B. somatic nervous system D. parasympathetic nervous system
11. Select which functions as a gap between the axon and the dendrite of another
neuron.
A. nerve impulse C. reaction time
B. neurotransmitter D. synapse

24
12. Identify which makes up the brain and the spinal cord.
A. autonomic nervous system C. peripheral nervous system
B. central nervous system D. sensory nervous system
13. Figure out which regulates the involuntary and automatic reactions.
A. autonomic nervous system C. somatic nervous system
B. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system
14. Classify the following organs: heart muscles, smooth intestine, bladder and uterus.
A. autonomic nervous system C. somatic nervous system
B. parasympathetic nervous system D. sympathetic nervous system
15. Tell which activity activates the parasympathetic nervous system.
A. a boy running C. a teenager exercising
B. a girl jumping D. a man sleeping

25