Chapter – 10

MAGNETISM
1. Introduction:
2. Earth’s Magnetic Field and Magnetic Elements:
- Causes of Earth’s magnetism.
- Bar Magnets.
- Basic properties of bar magnets.
→ →
2
- Magnetic Moments - Definition [ M = m(2l ) Am ].
- Magnetic Field - Definition.
→
→F N
B=
- Magnetic Induction - Definition [ m m ].
- Magnetic lines of forces [Definition] and its properties.
→ →
- Magnetic Flux - Definition [ φ = B . A ] and Magnetic flux density - Definition.
- Uniform and Non-Uniform magnetic field.
3. Forces between two magnetic poles.
μ m 1 m2
F= N
- Coulomb’s Inverse Square Law: Definition - [ 4 π d2 ].
4. Magnetic Induction at a point along the axial line due to a magnetic dipole (Bar magnet):
μ0 2 M
B= .
[ 4 π d3 ]

5. Magnetic Induction at a point along the equatorial line due to a magnetic dipole of a Bar
μ0 M
magnet: B= .
4 π d3

6. Mapping of magnetic field due to a bar magnet:

- Magnet placed with its north pole facing geographic north:
μ0 M
B= = Bh .
4π 3
2 2 2
( d +l )

- Magnet placed with its south pole facing geographic north:

C.Madan Kumar – CATALYZE CENTER FOR LEARNING Page 1

 μ0 2 Md
B= = Bh .
4 π (d 2 −l 2 )2
→ → →
7. Torque on a bar magnet placed in a uniform magnetic field: [ τ = M ×B ].
B1
tan θ =
8. TANGENT LAW: Definition - [ B 2 ].

9. Deflection Magnetometer:
- End-on (or) Tan A Position:
μ0 2 Md
B= = Bh tan θ .
4 π (d 2 −l 2 )2

Comparison of magnetic moments of two bar magnets:

(a) Deflection method:
2 2
M1 d 1−l 1 d 2 tan θ I
= 2 2
M2 d 2−l 2 d 1 tan θ II .

(b) Null deflection Method:

3
M 1 d1
=
M 2 d 32
.
- Broad-Side on (or) Tan B Position:
μ0 M
= Bh tan θ.
4 π d3
Comparison of magnetic moments of two bar magnets:
(a) Deflection method:
3
M1 ( d 21 +l 21 ) 2 tan θ I
=
M2 3 tan θ II
( d 22 +l 22 ) 2 .
(b) Null deflection Method:
M 1 d 31
=
M 2 d 32
.
10. Magnetic Properties of materials:
- Magnetizing field (or) Magnetic Intensity [H] - Definition.

C.Madan Kumar – CATALYZE CENTER FOR LEARNING Page 2

 μ B
μr = (or ) μ =
- Magnetic Permeability – Definition [
μ0 H ].

M −1 m
I= Am (or ) I =
- Intensity of magnetization – Definition [ V A ].

- Magnetic Induction – Definition [ B = μ 0 ( H +I ) ].

I
χm = No unit
- Magnetic Susceptibility – Definition [ H ].

- Relation between
χ m and μ r .
11. Classification of Magnetic material:
- Properties of Diamagnetic substances.
- Properties of Paramagnetic substances.
- Properties of Ferromagnetic substances.
12. Hysteresis and Hysteresis loss:
- Uses of Ferromagnetic materials:
(a) Permanent magnets.
(b) Electromagnets.
(c) Core of the transformer.
(d) Magnetic tapes and memory stores.

--oo00oo--

C.Madan Kumar – CATALYZE CENTER FOR LEARNING Page 3