THESIS REPORT ON TRIBAL ECO VILLAGE - A Living Museum At Shyamla Hills, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Architecture Submitted by DEVESH MISHRA Guided by Ar. SHREYA MISHRA De SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY GAUTAM BUDH NAGAR 2019-2020Acknowledgement 1 would like to acknowledge my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my thesis guide Ar. SHREYA MISHRA and my previous guide Ar. ANJU AHIRWAL and all the faculty members, for their valuable advice, guidance and encouragement throughout the study. | would like to extend my special appreciation towards our Director sir Ar. RAJENDRA KUMAR for his constant and motivation. Finally, special thanks to my family and friends for their unwavering encouragement and support. ie ¥ 4° m+ be Py!Declaration | DEVESH MISHRA hereby declare that the thesis entitled TRIBAL ECO VILLAGE - A Living Museum at BHOPAL submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirement of the award of the degree of bachelor of Architecture, is my original design work and that the information taken from the secondary source is given due citation and references. a Ae SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE NOIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY GAUTAM BUDH NAGAR 2019-2020CONTENT Chapter 1 ~ OVERVIEW 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 PHILOSOPHY 1.3 NEED 1.4 MOTIVATION 1.5 AIM 1.6 OBJECTIVES 1.7 SCOPE 1.8 LIMITATIONS 1.9 METHODOLOGY Chapter 2 - LITERATURE STUDY 2.1 WHAT IS A LIVING MUSEUM? 2.2 TYPES OF MUSEUM 2.3 GREAT LIVING MUSEUMS AROUND THE WORLD. 2.4 MUSEUMS AND COMMUNITY 2.5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2.6 TRIBES OF INDIA 2.7 TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH (CENTRAL INDIA) 2.8 PROBLEMS FACED BY TRIBAL COMMUNITIES 2.9 PROBLEMS FACED BY TRIBAL COMMUNITIES: 2.10 TRIBAL WELFARE 2.11 CULTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF MADHYA PRADESH Chapter 3 - SITE STUDY 3.1 SITE INFORMATIONS 3.1 CONNECTIVITY AND TRANSIT MAPPING 3.1 SURROUNDINGS 3.1 STUDY AND ANALYSIS Chapter 4 ~ REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES Chapter 5 — PRIMARY CASE STUDIES 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM BHOPAL 5.2 CHOWKHI DHANI JAIPUR Chapter 6 — SECONDARY CASE STUDIES 6.1 OLD STRUDBRIDGE VILLAGE S$ *CONTENT Chapter 7 — PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS AND CONCEPT 7.1 PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS 7.2 CONCEPT Chapter 8 — DESIGN 8.1 SITE PLAN 8.2 LANDSCAPE PLAN 8.3 RELIGIOUS GROUND (PLAN,SECTION, VIEWS) 8.4 MARKET AREA (PLAN, SECTION, VIEWS) 8.5 DORMITORY (PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTION, VIEWS) 8.6 FAMILY HUT (PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTION, VIEWS) 8.7 FOOD COURT (PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTION, VIEWS) 8.8 PAINTING WORKSHOP 8.9 POTTERY WORKSHOP 8.10 BAMBOO WORKSHOP 8.11 WOOD CARVING WORKSHOP 8.12 ADMINISTRATION 8.13 HOUSEKEEPING 8.14 PHYSICAL MODEL PICTURESChapter -1 INTRODUCTION te Roitie fot jorriv fetThess 2020 A Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 1.1 INTRODUCTION ‘Tribal Eco Village - A living museum’ is a museum that recreates tribal culture, traditions and settlements to replicate a functional tribal community. The objective of living museum is to provide visitors with a practical interpretation of the tribal settlements. They bring these settlements (already extinct or on a verge of extinction) to life by imitating the conditions of a natural environment, tribal tradition and culture to the fullest. Living museums use various interpretive techniques such as exhibitions and indigenous people who represent tribal community to make simulations of tribal settlements as authentic as possible. The key difference between a living museum and other museums is that living museums give interpretations in the first-person present. It is a sustainable approach for designing a space which will help in enhancing the social, cultural, financial and ecological conditions. It strives to produce least negative impact on the natural environment. It will create 2 community where tourists and tribes can interact in different ways. cs Tangible Intangible LIVING CULTURE Figure 1 Source - Author “All that tread, the globe are but a handful to the tribes, that slumber in its bosom” William c. bryant India is home to about 700 tribal groups with a population of 104 million, as per 2011 census. These indigenous people constitute the second largest tribal population in the world after Africa. There are 46 recognized Scheduled Tribes in Madhya Pradesh, India, The population of Scheduled Tribes (ST) is 21.1% of the state population (15.31 million out of 72.62 million) which is highest in country, according to the 2011 census. Tribal communities were characterized by a lifestyle distinct from agrarian communities. They subsisted on different combinations of shifting cultivation, hunting and gathering of forest products: all activities closely linked with forests. a ¥ ¥ a AA » te 7% 4° 4s Vee“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 1.2 PHILOSOPHY The potential of ‘Tribal Eco Village — A Living Museum’ compared to a normal museum is that the main focus of it is another. It is a living and Interactive Museum which can be considered as Movement in India to celebrate the simultaneous validity of various valuable indigenous cultural patterns evolved over thousands of years and which are on the verge of extinction or already extinct, 1.3 NEED To revive the lost cultural value and practices of Indian tribes To uplift make in India moment at rural level by introducing people to the valuable & natural products of all sorts, cosmetics, medicines, utensils and fabrics etc. Bringing employment and empowerment to the niche of their settlements with exposure to their good practices, providing with better hygiene and sanitation Today, the tribal majority areas, which overlap with the country's major forest areas, are also areas with the highest concentrations of poverty. Somehow this poverty has lead to depletion of tribal culture, tradition, vernacular architecture, settlements etc. Which leads to Detribalisation*. Tribal eco village — a living museum will not only revive and rejuvenate there tradition and culture but it will circulate and promote it. On the other hand it will help tribal communities financially. 1.4 MOTIVATION Architecture itself is a process of designing a functional space for the betterment of humanity. Here when we talk about deprived indigenous people who have been facing detribalisation from many years, it's a question how one can help them. Culture allows us to assert our existence to ourselves to the extent that we are not just ‘now’ but are - in essence - forever’ and if this culture is the only thing on the verge of extinction than it becomes a challenge. Through architecture we can revive and rejuvenate there culture and enhance their cultural imperatives. * Indian tribes then and now- H.C. Upreti “Indian tribes then and now- H.C. Upreti oe wat Pe w Fass Ya we Fas 4A See t ox Fer kom YerThess 2020 AEM Tribal Eco Village _- A Living Museum 1.5 AIM To create a ‘Tribal Eco Village — A Living Museum’ for Tribal Communities and for Tourists, by which tribal culture, tradition, art and practices can be promoted, rejuvenated and their financial conditions can be improved. COMPONENTS OF A TRIBAL ECO VILLAGE — A LIVING MUSEUM Understanding the inter and intra relationship between Tourists/ _Historians/ hitecti Nature ‘atentiencute Visitors Workers Culture Administrators Figure 2 Source - Author 1.6 OBJECTIVES *To understand and study cognitive culture. *To understand and study how tribal culture blends with architecture. +To develop a ‘Tribal Eco Village — A Living Museum’ which replicates tribal settlements. *To design spaces for interaction between indigenous peoples and tourists. *To design spaces which can be universally accessible. *To be able to give tourists a sense of tribal settlements and its function. *To design spaces where different tribal activities can take place, such as folk dance, tribal games, tribal market, tribal art etc. *To highlight the richness and diversity of Cultural patterns within the tribes and its underlying unity. +To organize indoor and outdoor live Exhibitions. *To take steps to salvage and preserve the fast vanishing aspect of the Tribal Culture. 5 We pg) a) ass va me wg 4A See t ox Fer kom Yer“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 1.7 SCOPE For tourists it will serve as a mind relaxing place where one can blend themselves in eco- friendly, sustainable activities and atmosphere, experiencing the culture and tradition of tribal community. It is called a living museum because, it gives the experience of living culture, tradition, art, architecture and activities of tribal community by living there. Living Museum holds the potential to replicate, accommodate, educate the tourists in categorized spaces. These spaces will have different functions which will represent a whole settlement... such spaces are + Living Units (Indigenous people/ Tourists) + Market area Street performance area “Open air theatre + Workshops 1.8 LIMITATIONS MP has total no. of 46 tribes but this project will include study of only 6 major tribes those are Bhil, Baiga, Baharia, Sahariya, Korku and Gond. This thesis project will be limited to the designing of “Tribal Eco Village — A Living Museum” replication of tribal settlement. Wherever the detailed data have not been available reasonable assumptions have been made based on observations and interviews with local people. + Sustainability can be designed but it shall be maintained and practiced also, through will gain stability. whic! + It is not possible to create solely a tribal settlement in modem times Because modernity has its own perks. It will be better to blend them together concerning more on tribal settlement. + Itis not possible to solve each and every problem architecturally. + I can't help them financially so | wanted to help them architecturally through my thesis. Se FDS wa we FAS vW a 4A See t ox Fer ia 4“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 1.9 METHODOLOGY TOPIC SELECTION / PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION COLLECTION OF DATA SITE STUDY LITERATURE STUDY INTERVIEWS CASE STUDIES + Approach * Books + Baiga Tribes + Access + Journals + Baharia Tribes + Surroundings + Bye-Laws + Korku Tribes * Topography + Standards * Gond Tribes + Feasibility + Bhil Tribes + Current Scenario/ + Sahariya Tribe Condition + Ethnologists + SWOT Analysis + Museum Staff + Tribal welfare NGOs Primary Secondary + Tribal Museum, Bhopal + Old Sturbridge village’ + Chaukhi Dhani, Jaipur + Craft Museum, New Delhi + Baiga Tribe Hamlet (Mandla) + Bhil Tribe Hamlet (Jhabua, Dhar) + Baharia Tribe Hamlet (Chindwara) + Saharia Tribe Hamlet (Vidisha, Morena) + Gond Tribe (khandwa, Betul, Harda) + Korku Tribe (Chindwara, Betul, Harda) COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS hae1,9 METHODOLOGY COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. PROJECT REQUIREMENTS CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT z--- a pa AREA ZONING SERVICES FORM/SHAPE ' fog, ANALYSIS / SITE SYNTHESIS STRUCTURE MASS/VOLUME/SPACE | CONCEPTUAL DESIGNS 1 1 DESIGN PROPOSALLITERATURE STUDY te Roitie fot jorriv fetThess 2020 EH Tribal Eco Vilage = Living Museum 2.1 WHAT IS A LIVING MUSEUM? living museum, is a type of museum which recreates rare settings to simulate past time period or any civilization, culture, providing visitors with an experiential interpretation of particular settlements. It is a type of museum that recreates to the fullest extent conditions of a culture, natural environment or historical period. Figure 3 - Restored Filipino heritage houses in Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar Source The Association for Living History, Farm, and Agricultural Museums 2.1.1 Concerns about the Authenticity of Living Museums Authenticity is a major concern for living museums because it is impossible to recreate a piece of the past perfectly to simulate living history. Some museums portray gross inaccuracies as they attempt to depict an idealized image. An example is the portrayal of the old cattle town of Wichita as illustrated at the Old Cowtown Museum whose authenticity is corrupted by the influence of Hollywood and Wild West myths. Critics also fault the interpretation at living museums arguing that although the museums seek to convey past experiences to visitors, it is impossible to replicate past states of mind. 2.2 TYPES OF MUSEUM (by international council of museums) Museums are usually classified by their "theme (art, history, science, nature, design work, architecture, music, etc.), by the activity they promote (looking at objects, hands- on activities, experiential activities, etc.), and by the type of audience (adults, children, students or learners, etc.). 5 We pg) a) ass ¥ 4 Tee 4A See t ox Fer io & YerThess 2020 EA Tribal Eco Vilage = Living Museum 2.2 TYPES OF MUSEUM There are different types of museums. Here are some of them: 2.2.1 Archaeology museums. They display archeological artifacts. They can be open-air museums or they can exhibit items in a building. 2.2.2 Art museums. Also known as art galleries. They are spaces for showing art objects, most commonly visual art objects as paintings, sculpture, photography, illustrations, drawings, ceramics or metalwork. First publicly owned art museum in Europe was Amerbach-Cabinet in Basel (Now Kunstmuseum Basel). 2.2.3 Encyclopedic museums. They are usually large institutions and they offer visitors a wide variety of information on many themes, both local and global. They are not thematically defined nor specialized, 2.2.4 Historic house museums. A house or a building turned into a museum for a variety of reasons, most commonly because the person that lived in it was important or something important happened in it. House is often equipped with furniture like it was in the time when it was used. 2.2.5 History museums. They collect objects and artifacts that tell a chronological story about particular locality. Objects that are collected could be documents, artifacts, archeological findings and other. They could be in a building, historic house or a historic site. 2.2.6 Living museums. Type of a museum in which historic or ethnic events are performed by historians to immerse a viewer and show how certain events looked like or how some crafts were performed because there is no other way to see them now because they are obsolete. 2.2.7 Maritime museums. Specialized museums for displaying maritime history, culture or archaeology. Primarily archaeological maritime museums exhibit artifacts and preserved shipwrecks recovered from bodies of water. Maritime history museums, show and educate the public about humanity's maritime past. 2.2.8 Military ond wor museums. Museums specialized in military histories. Usually organized from a point of view of a one nation and conflicts in which that country has taken part. They collect and present weapons, uniforms, decorations, war technology and other objects. 2.2.9 Natural history museums. Usually display objects from nature like stuffed animals or pressed plants. They educate about natural history, dinosaurs, zoology, oceanography, anthropology, evolution, environmental issues, and more. 2.2.10 Open-air museums. Characteristic for exhibiting outdoors. Exhibitions consist of buildings that recreate architecture from the past. First opened in Scandinavia near the end of the 19" century. 7% 4° ¥ a PF iG & fess? te e hh, vt bar ® Ye 4°Thess 2020 MLO Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.3 GREAT LIVING MUSEUMS AROUND THE WORLD 2.3.1 Plimoth Plantation in Plymouth Plimoth Plantation in Plymouth, Massachusetts, is an example of a living history museum. It replicates a 17th century English village established by colonists. Figure 4 ~ Showing street view of plimoth plantation in plymouth Source = plimoth.org 2.3.2 Old Denmark - Open Air Museum’ ~ Near Copenhagen Old Denmark - Open Air Museum : the countryside of historic Denmark. It is not difficult to imagine yourself transported centuries back in time, strolling along the gravel roads and visiting the fully-furnished homes of the people of the past, such as the peasant, the wealthy miller, the village weaver or the inmates of the poorhouse. Figure S~ Showing one of the replicated structure of open, Source ~ https://en.natmus.dk/museums-ond- palaces/frilandsmuseet/ 2.3.3 Medieval Centre in Denmark The Medieval Centre in Denmark is another example of a living museum depicting the middle ages in the country during the late 14" and early 15'*centuries. ; z 7h ae 1 & rod fe = Tor TZ et zThess 2020 MLL Tribal Eco Vilage = Living Museum 2.3 GREAT LIVING MUSEUMS AROUND THE WORLD 2.3.3 Medieval Centre in Denmark Figure 6 ~ showing one of the replicated structure of medieval centre museum Source teri living-history-museum-denimark/ 2.3.4 Living Museum of Damara The Living Museum of the Damara close to Twyfelfontein is the first traditional Damara project in Namibia and the only one of its kind. The possibility to experience the traditional Damara culture in this form exists nowhere else in Namibia or in the world. Figure 7 ~ Showing hunter dance performed at living ‘museum of damara Source — ntps:d/unww museumns.com no/museums/central/damora: living-museun 2.3.5 Old Sturbridge Village’ - Massachusetts The largest living museum in the Northeast, depicts a rural New England town of the 1830s. Step inside more than 40 buildings, and explore homes, meetinghouses, a district school, country store, bank, working farm, three water-powered mills, and trade shops. ae as ay a Th GM tes? 1% & ter“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.3 GREAT LIVING MUSEUM AROUND THE WORLD 2.3.5 Old Sturbridge Village’ - Massachusetts Figure 8 Showing one of the replicated structure of old Sturbridge village: Source —https.//www.csv ore 2.4 MUSEUMS AND COMMUNITY Museums are the cultural institutions of a country and have long been associated with the tangible aspects of their collections. Over a period of time cultural institution have learned to interact with societies and communities and now are actively working with both tangible and intangible heritage. As per the ICOM definition® adopted in 2007, at the 21st General Conferences in Vienna, Austria, museums should involve both tangible and intangible cultural heritage in their institutional and educational activities. In the time of urbanization, communities are losing their intangible cultural heritage® very fast. The new generation is losing the connection between their cultural heritage and beliefs followed over a long period by their elders. Museums can build this relationship and fill the gap through cultural interpretation of the artifacts and with community support. For this museums need to focus on proper conservation and documentation of the tangible and intangible heritage. 2. museum is a non-profit, permanent institution in the service of society and its development, open to the public, ‘which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits the tangible and intangible heritage of humanity and its environment for the purposes of education, study and enjoyment. intangible Cultural Heritage means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, skills ~ as well as the instruments, objects, artefacts and cultural spaces associated therewith - that communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals recognize as part of their cultural heritage, This intangible cultural heritage, transmitted from generation to generation, is constantly recreated by communities and groups in response to their environment, their interaction with nature and their history, and provides them with a sense of identity and continuity, thus promoting respect for cultural diversity and human creativity. For the purposes of this Convention, consideration will be given solely to such Intangible cultural heritage as is compatible with existing international human rights instruments, as well as with the requirements of mutual respect among communities, groups and individuals, and of sustainable development (2003). Se FDS wa we FAS vW a 4A See t ox Fer ia 4Thesis 2020 BLED Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.4 MUSEUMS AND COMMUNITY HOW MUSEUM AND ‘COMMUNITY CAN BUILD A RELATIONSHIP A MuseUMS HOW MUSEUM AND HOW MUSEUMAND COMMUNITYCAN og AR COMMUNITY CAN GIVE PRESERVE AND SPREAD AWARENESS SoKeay SUPPORT TO EACH OTHER ABOUT THE TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE HERITAGE v HOW MUSEUM AND. COMMUNITY CAN HELP EACH OTHER TO COMMUNICATE AND EDUCATE THE AUDIENCE Figure 9 ~ Questioning the interrelationship between museums and community India, because of its vast and ancient culture, is rich in tangible and intangible cultural heritage. In India many communities live with their cultural knowledge, traditions, rituals, oral expressions and historical heritage. Museums are gradually recognizing the need to go beyond collection, conservation and education of tangible heritage. Museums need to adopt a new model to engage themselves with communities for a constant process of transformation through the collection of intangible heritage. With the beginning of this new era, museums are working in directions to connect with communities in an effective way but still are lacking the right punch. With the advent of a new world order, i.e., urbanization, traditional knowledge about culture is not being passed onto future generation for many reasons, such as families moving to urban areas for better employment. These community members are far from their roots, traditions and family arts and crafts. And thus newer generations of particular communities are losing their interest in their traditional art, crafts and other cultural skills. Museums can play the role of a mediator or communication bridge to fill the gaps between the generations and to share the community knowledge on a larger platform with different communities and a diverse range of visitors. There is an urgent need for museums and community groups to come together to promote and preserve intangible cultural heritage. It is better to keep your identity alive rather than adopting that of others. fw wo PS w Bae Wor 22 w ha A Resse tok Pes? WOR TIM Ke“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2.5.1 Site Planning and Surroundings Whenever it is proposed to build a museum whether large or small-there is usually one preliminary matter to be settled: the choice of a site. Where several possibilities are available, the drawbacks and advantages of each must be carefully weighed. Should the site be central, or on the outskirts of the town? This appears to be the most usual dilemma. Until 20 or 30 years ago there was a preference for the centre of a town, with its better transport facilities. But as the use and speed of public and private transport have gradually increased and it has become easier to get from one point to another, it has been realized that the convenience of a central situation for a museum is outweighed by the many and substantial advantages of a less central position. These include a greater choice and easier acquisition of land (at lower cost), less fatigue from the noise of traffic- a growing and already very real problem-and an atmosphere less laden with dust and with gases which when not poisonous are, to say the least, unpleasant. A museum should always be readily accessible from all parts of the town by public transport and, if possible, be within walking distance as well, and must be within easy reach of schools, colleges, university ,and libraries. As a matter of fact, all these institutions have similar problems and stand equally in need of topographical coordination; it would be advisable to take this into account at the town-planning stage, rather than deal with each case separately, as it arises, a method which may involve the sacrifice or neglect of many desiderata. Museums tend nowadays to be regarded more and more as “cultural centres." It must therefore be remembered that as such they are visited not only by students but by people with different backgrounds who, if a museum is near enough and easy to reach, may come to it, even with little time to spare, in search of instructive recreation. A belt of trees surrounding the museum building serves as an effective natural filter for dust and for the chemical discharges that pollute the air of a modern industrial town; it also helps to stabilize the humidity of the atmosphere, to which paintings and period furniture are often sensitive. It is said that large trees, if unduly close to the building, cut off or deflect the light and thus diminish or alter its effect. They offer considerable advantages-a wider choice of detached positions, thus reducing the risk of fire; a relative degree of protection from dust, noise, vibrations, exhaust gases from motor engines or factories, smoke from the chimneys of houses and from municipal heating plants, the sulphur content of which is always harmful to works of art. ARTICLE ON Museums by The Organization of Museums, UNESCO, Tae Fe we mw Fw Foe er km a A hess? kh a & Fey? Ker 7 2A2.5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2.5.2 Museum flow diagramThess 2020 MSD Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2.5.3 Museum Lighting This is one of the subjects most keenly discussed by museum authorities, and is, indeed, of outstanding Importance. It was believed at one time that electric light, being easy to switch on, adaptable and unvarying in its effects and able to give full value to architectural features, might provide not merely an alternative to the use of daylight in museums, but a substitute for It. But experience has forced us to recognize that-especially where running expenses have to be considered-daylight is still the best means of lighting a museum, despite the variations and difficulties which characterize it at different seasons and in different places. The building should therefore be so planned as to make the best use of this source of light, even if certain other structural features have to be sacrificed as a result. Daylight may coma from above or from the side. in the former case suitable skylights will be provided in the ceilings of the exhibition rooms. In the letter case, one or more walls will be pierced by windows, the height and width of which must be decided according to individual requirements. jae2.5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2.5.4 Display Arrangements and Viewing Angles Funetions Curatorial Functions ©. Collection, preservation, identification, documentation, study, restoro- 0, Office-workroom, Workshop b. Storage of collections a 1. Reserve Collection Room Disploy Function Thematic and changing disploys of selected objects and documents from Display Gollery the collections arranged to tell 0 story Display Preparation Function The preparation of exhibits Educational and Public Functions This term has been expondad to include all public functions. 12. Lectures, school tours, society meetings, films, and social functions Lecture room, Chair storage closet, Kitchenette bb. Reception, information, soles, supervision of display gf Lobby Soles and Information Counter Public requirements. Cloak room, Washroom: 3. Other Serviens 8. Mechanical Heating ventilation plant Janitorial Joniter’s closetThess 2020 MEH Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.6 TRIBES OF INDIA India is a diverse, multi-ethnic country that is home to thousands of small ethnic and tribal groups. This complexity developed from a lengthy and involved process of migration and intermarriage. The great urban culture of the vast Indus civilization, a society of the Indus River valley that is thought to have been Dravidian-speaking, thrived from roughly 2500 to 1700 BC. An early Indo-European civilization — dominated by peoples with linguistic affinities to peoples in Iran and Europe — came to occupy north-western and then north central India over the period from roughly 2000 to 1500 BC and subsequently spread south-westward and eastward at the expense of other indigenous groups. Despite the emergence of caste restrictions, this process was attended by intermarriage between groups that probably has continued to the present day, despite considerable opposition from peoples whose own distinctive civilizations had also evolved in early historical times. Adivasi is the collective term for tribes of the Indian Subcontinent, who are considered indigenous to places (i.e., forests or other natural habitats) within India wherein they live, either as foragers or as tribalistic sedentary communities. The art, architecture and tradition of tribal settlements are great indigenous vernacular expression of the diverse culture of India. Tribal people have through their efforts, over thousands of years, created rich and colorful styles of vernacular architecture, responding to local environments. This reflects an evolved response to geography, climate, distribution of ethnic peoples and sustainable habitats. (Wang and Cai, 2006). The tribal population of India is scattered throughout the country and about eight percent of Indian population is tribal. The percentage of tribal population is high in the geographically remote areas, the islands in south, south-west and the mountain ranges of north and small & isolated states of north east. The reason for more percentage of tribal in the states can be attributed to the geographical locations like islands, rivers and mountain ranges. In Central India the state of Madhya Pradesh has the highest population of tribes, which, as per 2011 census constitutes the 22.26 % of the total population of the state. 2.7 TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH (CENTRAL INDIA) The state of Madhya Pradesh which is the Central India is termed as heart of India due to its geographical conditions and it is also lung of India as its 40 percent area is under forest cover. The state straddles the Narmada River, which runs east and west between the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges; this ranges and the Narmada are the traditional boundary between the north and south of India. The state is bordered on the west by Gujarat, northwest by Rajasthan, north - east by Uttar Pradesh, east by Chhattisgarh, and south by Maharashtra. Madhya Pradesh, with an area of 3, 08, 000 sq.km. is the second largest state in India after Rajasthan. Bae ey Ye be ey wo:MADHYA PRADESH PERCENTAGE OF RURAL AND URBAN SCHEDULED TRIBES POPULATION 2011 KLOMETRES Percentage of Rural and Urban Scheduled Tribes Population {to Total Scheduled Tribes Population Te RAT Te Ret 1k TE fetThesis 2020 AY Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.7 TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH (CENTRAL INDIA) The tribes of Central India have the simplest of lifestyles with a rich culture stil untouched by modernity and traditions as old as their origin. Out of 46 tribes, the tribes selected are Gond, Bhil, Korku, sahariya, baiga and Bharia. The tribes were selected from varied geographical locations . 2.7.1 Korku Tribe Dwelling only in densely forested areas, people belonging to Korku tribe of Madhya Pradesh are skilled in gathering food. Korkus build their houses with bamboo and wood, Korkus also depend on agriculture, poultry farming and animal husbandry for their livelihood.“Thess 2020 2.7 TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH (CENTRAL INDIA) 2.7.2 Sahariya Tribe Saharias are another tribal group prominent in Madhya Pradesh, sheltered in the districts of Gwalior, Shivpuri, Vidisha. Saharias are indulge in shifting cultivation and hunting, skilled woodsmen and hold expertise in gathering wood, tendu leaf, honey, herbs, and gum. 2.7.3 Bhil tribe Bhils are fine warriors with inherent, exceptional skills of archery. The name Bhil literally refers to Bil, meaning ‘bow’, a reference to their great archery skills which are mentioned even in the Indian epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Some of their other skills include pottery, painting, and weaving.“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Vilage = Living Museum 2.7 TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH (CENTRAL INDIA) 2.7.4 Baharia tribe The tribesmen of Bharia count on agriculture as their main source of livelihood and are adept at crafting items like baskets from bamboo. They are well versed in Dravidian languages and dwell far within the shaded valley of Tamia, Chhindwara, which is inaccessible by road. 2.7.5 Baiga tribe Believed to have descended from Dravid, they reside peacefully in thick, forested woodlands of Satpura. The commonly acknowledged language of the Baigas is Baigani, along with Hindi and Marathi, The art of tattooing is a significant part of the tribal lifestyle, exclusive to the clan. ie £74 * Fee Yi &Thesis 2020 (MEI Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.7 TRIBES OF MADHYA PRADESH (CENTRAL INDIA) 2.7.6 Gond tribe They occupy the sides of the Narmada river, and live in close harmony with Mother Nature. Their native language belongs to the Dravidian family, and they are scattered across the state of Madhya Pradesh. Gonds mainly resides at Mandla, Chhindwara, Betul and Seoni districts in Madhya Pradesh. They worship Lord Shiva, known as ‘Bahadeo’ in their native tongue. 2.8 PROBLEMS FACED BY TRIBAL COMMUNITIES + They possess small and uneconomical landholdings because of which their crop yield is less and hence they remain chronically indebted, + Only a small percentage of the population parti secondary and tertiary sectors. ates in occupational activities in the + Literacy rate among tribal is very low. While in 1961, it was 18.53 per cent, in 1991 it increased to 29.60 per cent which compared to general literacy rate of 52.21 per cent in the country is very low, because while the growth of literacy rate in the past three decades in the country was 28.21 per cent, among the STs it was only 11.7 per cent {According to 2011 census). * Banking facilities in the tribal areas are so inadequate that the tribals have to depend mainly on moneylenders. Being miserably bogged down in indebtedness, tribals demand that Agricultural Indebtedness Relief Acts should be enacted so that they may get back their mortgaged land. xe hae me — me ae rv GeThesis 2020 ad Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.8 PROBLEMS FACED BY TRIBAL COMMUNITIES + A good portion of the land in tribal areas has been legally transferred to non-tribals. Tribals demand that this land should be returned to them. In fact, tribals had earlier enjoyed considerable freedom to use forests and hunt animals. Forests not only provide them materials to build their homes but also give them fuel, herbal medicines for curing diseases, fruits, wild game, etc. Their religion makes them believe that many of their spirits live in trees and forests. Their folk-tales often speak of the relations of human beings and the spirits. Because of such physical and emotional attachment to forests, tribals have reacted sharply to restrictions imposed by the government on their traditional rights. + Tribal government programs have not significantly helped the tribals in raising their economic status. The British policy had led to ruthless exploitation of the tribal: various ways as it favored the zamindars, landlords, moneylenders, forest contractors, and excise, revenue and police officials. + About 90 per cent of the tribals are engaged in cultivation and most of them are landless and practice shifting cultivation. They need to be helped in adopting new methods of cultivation. + The unemployed and the underemployed want help in finding secondary sources of earning by developing animal husbandry, poultry farming, handloom weaving, and the handicrafts sector. Most of the tribals live in sparsely populated hills and communications in the tribal areas remain tough. The tribals, therefore, need to be protected against leading isolated life, away from towns and cities, through a network of new roads. * The tribals are exploited by Christian missionaries. In several tribal areas, mass conversion to Christianity had taken place during the British period. While the missionaries have been pioneers in education and opened hospitals in tribal areas, they have also been responsible for alienating the tribals from their culture. Christian missionaries are said to have many a time instigated the tribals to revolt against the Indian government 2.9 TRIBAL WELFARE The development programs in tribal region were broadly divided into four parts Communication Education and culture Economic reforms Health, housing and water supply ix F nae me pa vt ow Ye 4°“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 2.10 CULTURE AND ARCHITECTURE OF MADHYA PRADESH The tribal and folk traditions of Madhya Pradesh are reflected in the vernacular architecture. The state is known for its visual and performing arts, these art forms are closely associated with their beliefs, customs, religion and values. The singing and dancing are part of their day to day life. It is a community activity performed each day after the work to relax and enjoy. These activities have evolved the necessity of a community space like a courtyard or chaupal in their settlement pattern. These patterns resulted in a strong social binding within the community. Each tribe has its own way of settlement pattern on the basis of their culture and lifestyle like Saharia has circular, Bhil has scattered and Korku has linear. The central space in Saharia is ‘chaupal’ where grandparents chat and look after grandchildren while the parents are working on fields. Madhya Pradesh is famous for its traditional crafts like bamboo, wood, pottery, painting, metal casting, terracotta and textiles. The tribals adorn their roof tiles with animals, human images and some figure which have something to do with witchcraft and evil spirits. Horses occupy a significant status in tribal life as symbol of power and force. It is depicted in different forms in murals, sculpture and even in the structural members of the built form. The bas relief figure of birds, flowers, trees and animals are depicted on the interior walls of houses. The clay figures are prevalent to mark both auspicious as well as inauspicious occasions. The paneled doors of single plank and wooden pillars are carved with the motifs of flora, funa and geometry designs. The Bas relief figure of animals, birds, trees, flowers and god- goddess are depicted on the interior walls. The trees are integral part of a house like a Tulsi chura in middle of a Hindu house, they also have medicinal values. Se Fy PS a we Fg VY a Fs 4A See t ox Fer kom YerChapter - 3 SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS‘Thesis 2020 MAA Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 3.1 SITE INFORMATIONS. The site was proposed for anthropological museum, out of 200 acres on an area of 1.39 acres an indoor museum was built which was inaugurated on 21% march 1977. Which was named as “national museum for mankind” or “Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sanghralaya”. Since then museum was opened for public, whole site is used to make many outdoor temporary structures that depict several tribal arts, techniques, culture, these structures are changed by the time and season Location: Shyamla Hills, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Site Area: 200 Acres Permissible Ground Coverage: 25% FAR: 1 ECS: Owner: Ministry of Culture Land Use: PSP (Public-Semi Public) Climate: Composite. Existing built mass: 7 Acres Bhopal master plan 2031 er ee ¥ 4 Rad & TX 4M tes? kom Yer3.1 SITE INFORMATIONS. t Site Form Existing Road On site + Site form is uneven and has undulating landform major slope on. site is along the north direction. + Existing roads on site are not up to ‘standard width of vehicular road. + Black soil is present on site. + This soil mainly consists iron and lime. It is most suitable for cotton, wheat and soybean. In international level soil classification, it is called chernorgem. Contours are of 3 meter height. Total 16 levels in contours are present on\. r ‘0002-1: vO ‘SV NOUVASTS TWNOILD3S 3115 Sv ING ONLLSDG 200.aches [EXISTING BUILT AREA VEGETATION AREA EXSTINGROAD PASTING BUILTIMASS, fatesThess 2020 MELO Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 3.1 SITE INFORMATIONS 1X 13d * fst tie ter“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 3.2 CONNECTIVITY AND TRANSIT MAPPING See || RAJA BHOJ INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, it is 15 km away from the site ifn BHOPAL JUNCTION, it is 9 km away from the site. Hi HABIB GANJ RAILWAY STATION, it is 11 km away from site. ——_ ROAD APPROACHING TOWARDS SITE (15 M WIDE) ——_ BHADBHADA ROAD ~ This road connects Bhadbhada Dam and village with site. Many other major amenities like bus station, bus stops are also connected through this road. LINK ROAD NO. 2 ~ This road is secondary link road of Bhopal. SCIENCE CENTER ROAD ~ This road is named after science center. It is connected to some major government offices and official residences. LAKE VIEW ROAD — This road is restricted for heavy vehicles because of its width, and prone traffic because of tourism. (12 M WIDE ROAD) [EBM wesatc Bus DEPOT - It is 1.2 KM away from the site. I AUTORIKSHA STAND- It is 420 M away from the.3.3 SURROUNDINGS 3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS ANALYSIS IS DIVIDED INTO FOLLOWING THREE PARTS INCLUDING SHIFTING (STRENGTHS) (OPPORTUNITIES) Things, Which are Things, amenities which strengths to site are providing are marked with opportunities to site are green circle marked with yellow. circle. Thesis 2020 (ELA Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum VAN VIHAR NATIONAL PARK - Itis a zoological national park UPPER LAKE — It is also known as ‘padi’ lake which means biggest lake LAKE VIEW POINT - This area ‘comprises of parks and cafes REGIONAL COLLEGE BHOPAL. ‘STATE MUSEUM PROPOSED COLLEGE RESIDENTIAL AREA — This area comprises of Shastri Nagar, Dwarkapuri Colony, Prempura, Police Radio Colony EXCLUDING (WEAKNESS) Things, amenities which are weaknesses to site are marked with red circle.|3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS “Thesis 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum View diceétions — \ = \ y Noise nee z Picture point PLAN-1 = Yewrounts ( i NOISE PROJECTIONS: North part of side has upper lake which is the biggest lake of Bhopal, west side of site has zoological park both of these sides serves as aesthetic surroundings which creates many viewpoint for the users of the site. ABCD are the respective view points marked on the site. ( Refer Plan - 1) bar > pa ye“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS Vegetation covers most part of the site. Which helps in blocking the modern view of city, > also helps in blocking the noise, cleaning the air and minimizing the air pressure. (Refer Plan - 1, 2 and 4) Existing herbal nursery is maintained by tribal people working on site. This herbal nursery should be included in tribal Eco Village-a living museum. It can be used for organizing nursery workshops and circulating knowledge about herbs. Its products can be used in preparation of food for the visitors. Existing Vermicompost plant and bio pesticide plant are also maintained and prepared by tribal people working on site. Products from these plants can be used for farming which will be part of tribal Eco Village - a living museum.Thess 2020 MEE Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum |3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS Sp twindicection Baring summers \ Wind direetion Duting winters, Wind direction During manson’. RLAN-3 Win DiRECTIONS _ uN PaTH Upper lake is situated on the north of site, hot winds of summers are projected from north towards west. Due to upper lake hot winds doesn’t have much impact on site, its temperature reduces. (Refer Plan - 3) me wae *y Ye he“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum |3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS — ing vegetation on this part of \ - : ) This Part provides clear view of city which should be blocked in | [to create an ambience of ecovilage on site. 5 i ) { i \ Nols is also pro}keted from thisside onsite Which Should be ASIEN ES blocked. This can be done by planting vegetation or shifting vegetation on this part of the site. This is the highest peak of site which provides one of the best views which are also blocked by vegetation. These vegetation can also be shifted to other parts of site. "Vegetation on this undulating land blocks the view of upper Lake. So, it can be shifted to other part of site. me ae *y hae‘Thesis 2020 EAA Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS LAN - 5 SISTING AMERITIE «i lie Hence to contro! Traffic flow on site i'm proposing to restrict vehicular movement on some part of site This structure was also built in 1977 and was designed by Ar. Ram Gopal. It is made with red sand kota stone. Structure is old but intact, very well designed and maintained. Almost 40,000 items, paintings, replicas, sculpture related to indigenous people of India are displayed in it. So, it should be included as a part of "tribal Eco Village - a living museum". This structure was built in 1977. Because of low maintenance and bad construction quality it has already worn-out. It doesn't serve the assigned purpose and lacks all the amenities required to cater national and international tourism. Hence it should be demolished. hae‘Thess 2020 MELE Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum |3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS. This structure function as Administration This structure functions as Museum shop. block and guest house for existing |'m proposing to built a tribal market space museum.it lack Amenities which are jn “Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum” required to cater national and international tourism.Hence it should be demolished. zs To serve the existing built mass there are no proper parking provision available on site. Buses, cars and bikes are parked on roads. Site Area is 200 acres, there are many visitors on site who comes by taxi or auto. They cover almost 2 km of distance by walking. For creating a tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum | propose to provide electric carts on site. High tension line is passing through the site which can be considered as strength of the site. Under ground water is 30mm to 80mm deep down from the surface of the site. Existing water tank should be taken in account while designing and planning the tribal eco village - A Living Museum. ey ie Ok bay rv 4° fe‘Thesis 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS | PLAN-6 [JOE Locanion =) This part will be ideal to create tribal eco village a living museum. Following are the reasons — “This part lies close to the main entrance of site which is used by tourists and visitors. -As tribal settlement needs a citadel for creating a religious ground this part has its own. -This part contains the highest contour level of site thus it provides great views. “This part is densely surrounded by vegetation which gives a feeling of a land enclosed in jungle.Thess 2020 MUO Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 3.4 STUDY AND ANALYSIS Strengths + Site surrounding serves as a strength to site, it provides aesthetic views from and enhance ecological activities and condition around site. National zoological park and upper lake enhances the condition of site environmentally. + Site has undulating land which creates natural water flow on site. Slope of site also creates a hidden property, site is well hidden due to slope and vegetation which will be a perk for creating “Tribal Eco Village — A Living Museum” ns Vegetation on the other hand serves as a natural barrier for noise and air pollution. + Ongoing activities such as preparation of vermicompost, herbal nursery and bio precinct also enhances the strength of site. These activities can be counted as major activities which will serve the upcoming project on site “tribal eco village =alliving museum”. + Exiting services such as water tank and high tension tower can be counted as strengths on site. Opportunities + Lake view road connected to site has restriction for heavy vehicle, that means only one access is available for heavy vehicles on 200 actes site. + Some of the existing built mass doesn’t serve the right purpose on site and are lacking in various amenities and services which is not favorable for national or international tourism. + Existing roads are not proper, these roads won't be able to cater vehicular circulation on site. There are no parking facilities on, vehicles are mostly parked ‘on road. Weaknesses + By creating “Tribal Eco Village ~ A living Museum” on site great revenue can be generated which can help tribal communities. * It will create opportunities for tourism as well. Sw F Paw 5 vow ¥ ¥ 4A See t ox Fer kom YerChapter -4 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES te Roitie fot jorriv fet“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4,1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES TRIBES: BHIL KORKU GOND SAHARIYA. BAIGA BAHARIYA BHILALA BHARTI RAJGOND THATYAGOND SALAM MISHRI GOND THERE ARE MANY OTHER SUB CASTS IN THESE TRIBES FORMED BECAUSE OF INTERMARRIAGES FOR EXAMPLE BHINIWARS ARE -GOND BAIGAS BHAROTIYAS NAROTIYAS 4.1.1 Regions Madhya Pradesh is divided into the following agro-climatic zones: Kaimur Plateau, Vindhyan Plateau (Hills), Narmada valley, Wainganga valley, Gird (Gwalior) Region, Bundelkhand Region, Satpura Plateau (Hills), Malwa Plateau, Nimar Plateau, Jhabua Hills ‘The geographical aspect of the region has been a prominent decider on the distribution of tribal communities in the state. The Tribes are widely spread on Jhabua hills, Gird Region, Narmada valley, Vindhyan and Satpura mountain ranges in the dense forests, thus making them impervious to any outside intrusions. This helped them maintain their culture and customs safe and continue till present day. ‘They indulge in various activities to earn their livelihood. Earlier they were semi nomadic people but most of them have now settled down and have chosen their occupation. The tribes are an agricultural community and their forest dependency is high, in the hilly tracts, most of the tribes cultivate their land and in springs they migrate to Narmada river plains for harvesting where they are engaged as laborers. As they are a bailiwick of their topography, few tribes like bhils were employed as hunters in the pre-independent India. In that age of history, they were also recruited in the armies of kings and served as soldiers. The forests are home to them and provide sustenance in the form of forest produce, water, grazing grounds and habitat for shifting cultivation. 1 2» Pa we Fs VY a Fs I 4 ZhRAK’ te? a 4M Res4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES. 4.1.1 Regions FOLLOWING ARE THE REGIONS WHICH | HAVE STUDIED Thesis 2020 MED Tribal Eco Vilage = Living Museum vee JHABUA Jhabua is located at the bottom right side of Madhya Pradesh which lies on jhabua hills region. Major tribes found in this region are Bhils, Bhilala, Korku. Major Bhil villages/ hamlets found in this region are Para, Dundka, Tikadimoti, Samoi.. DHAR Dhar is located at the west side of Madhya Pradesh which lies on Malwa region. Major tribes found in this region are Bhils, Korku. Major Bhil and Korku villages / hamlets found in this region are Bhilkhedi, Doe, Kundara. BETUL Betul is marginally located at south side of Madhya Pradesh which lies on Satpura region. Major tribes found in this region are Gonds. All three kinds of gonds are found here. Major Gond villages / hamlets are kali bheet, Aawleya. CHINDWARA Chindwara is located at south side of Madhya Pradesh which lies on Satpura region. Major tribes found in this region are Gonds, Bahariya. Major Bahariya villages / hamlets found in this region are Tamia, Banki, Chindi, Chimtipur. MANDLA Mandla is located at the east central part of Madhya Pradesh which is surrounded by Narmada valleys. Major tribes found in this region are Baigas. Major Baiga villages / hamlets found in this region are Kanha, Brijpur. GWALIOR Gwalior is located at the central north side of Madhya Pradesh which lies in Gird region. Major tribes found in this region are Sahariya. Major Sahariya villages / hamlets found in this region are Parasari, Aiswaya. vt ba ® Ye 4°‘Thesis 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.2 Climatic Conditions The climate varies from place to place with physiographic features. The hilly regions with forest coverage are extremely cool whereas the open lands are comparatively hot. The minimum temperature goes up to 4 C and a maximum of 28 ~ 30 C in the hilly regions whereas in the plain land, the minimum temperatures ranges 8 — 10 C and has a maximum of 42 C. Winter starts in October and ends till March, summers starts from April and extends till June and monsoons starts from July and ends in October. This climate facilitates two crops during the year. The climate at micro-region is more important for study as the thick vegetation, water body and topography plays a significant role on habitat. 4.1.2 Settlement Pattern and Habitat This diversity and independence of tribes has encouraged the development of unique and varied ethnic culture and habitat. Overall, the spatial pattern corresponds to the topographical character of the areas they have chosen for settlement. The settlement pattern varies from tribe to tribe as it is determined by location, sociological circumstances, occupation and ethnicity. The size of settlement is considerably small, cluster size is three to four houses and maximum number of houses in a settlement is 100-150. Figure 6 ~ Showing settlement of awleya village, surrounded by awleya forest near betul district Source — Author pay me wae *y Ye he“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.3 Settlement Pattern and Habitat Tribes follow all together different pattern within the same geographical location and tribes often mingle among themselves. This variation is mainly due to topography, microclimatic condition and their occupation. At present the majority of the traditional village had undergone changes due to spatial arrangement patterns of the active response of the society. These changes arise from the development paradigm and the new innovations, so that the growth in the field of social, economic and culture is experienced. However the development in the tribal areas is not at the pace of their urban or even rural counterpart. To analyse the settlement pattern of tribal of tribal areas which are unconsciously planned, function is to be studied as “function is an analogy between social life and organic life”. The tribal communities consists of cluster, all arranged to form a social structure and their inter relation in terms of social contiguity. One of the major functions in case of tribes is agriculture. They are engaged in ploughing, sowing, and harvesting in the fields and return to dwellings for relaxation. This daily up down movement is either by walking or on carts and creates an intimate relation between house and farm. During harvesting period they prefer to live in temporary huts built in the field itself and animal yard is also erected nearby. 4.1.3 Typology of Settlements On the basis of morphological study the settlements are classified into three typologies. The typologies are worked on the basis of size and structure. The first typology is a village predominantly of farmers. These villages are located on plains and the occupants are mainly associated with agriculture and the average size of village is 1000-1500 houses, Figure 01 represents one such plan. These villages cannot be termed as tribal settlements as the inhabitants are from other communities, Still they are studied as they become the nucleus for the small tribal ‘settlements which are in the periphery at the distance from 2 to 10 km. The growth of village is organic and the distinct impression is made by the road which connects the village with other villages. This road acts as a line of division between the old village and the new development. The old village consists of non uniform dwelling units placed with respect to landform in a manner that the streets allow to drain the rainwater during monsoon. While all the public buildings are clubbed together around open space. Se FDS wa we FAS vW a 4A See t ox Fer ia 4“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4,1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.4 Typology of Settlements This open space is multifunctional. It is the centre place where the market, fairs during festival and rituals are performed throughout the year. The clusters of the dwellings along the streets are formed on the basis of ethnicity. The dwelling units of this village are advanced, more spacious and comfortable than that of tribes. The tribal people who are engaged as labours are accommodated in these houses on temporary basis. The streets passing through the farms lead to smaller tribal settlements. In present days, tribal have started building their houses on the outskirts of villages. However the houses are very small compared to that of the villagers. ‘Showing settlement typology 1 Source - Author The second typology of settlement is comparatively smaller the number of dwellings goes up to 150. These settlements are satellites of the nucleolus village described above. They are linear i.e. a row of houses facing each other along a street. It is interesting to know that the liner street is not a well conscious effort but the left over space between two houses facing each other, the plan of linear village is shown in figure“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.4 Typology of Settlements The houses are so placed that the street becomes the place of social cohesion and the backyard is connected to their farm. Once the settlement reaches maximum number of houses a new settlement in the vicinity is set up. Showing settlement typology 2 Source - Author ‘Showing settlement typology 2 Source - Author ya Pa we Fs a a ee I 4 2% 2 k& esr & SAY BesThesis 2020 MASI Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.4 Typology of Settlements The third typology is of the tribes inhabited in the hilly areas. They depend upon forest produce for their livelihood. They are also engaged in terrace farming. Unlike the tribal living in plain areas their dwellings are scattered. . \ s Sa ren Pere eS pe Freer Showing settlement typology 1 Source - Author Showing settlement typology 1 Source - Author me ba © Ye he‘Thesis 2020 (MEA Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.4 Typology of Settlements They lived in clusters of three to four houses as shown in Figure and even these clusters are at different levels at certain distances because of undulating landform. These clusters are not connected by defined pathways as the houses are constructed in the fields itself. The aspect of sustainability entails use of natural resources, land, water, and forests. In context of development, sustainability refers to optimal utilization of resources whereas tribes are using minimal resources. The land occupied by them for dwelling is limited and keeps on changing from place to place, thus posing no harm to landforms. The settlements have single resource of water which is a river, waterfall, spring or a community well. There is no provision of sewerage in those settlements. The waste water is directed into the backyard. The waste from animals is collected in the outskirts for preparation of organic manure. The nucleus villages, houses people from various communities. It includes people from various occupations to fulfil their needs such as people like carpenter, blacksmith and potter. The festivals are incomplete without the involvement of tribal community. The festivity is the essence of tribal life. The simple and straight community enjoys festivals with great fervour and joy. Music, painting and artefacts have become a source of income for them. Their knowledge about herbs and other forest products is helping in conservation of biodiversity. Showing settlement typology 1 Source - Author oe wat Pe w Fass Ya we Fas 4A See t ox Fer kom YerThesis 2020 EY Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.5 Cognitive features of Settlements Religious ground is provided at the peak of settlement as per my research. Traditional Tribal, Temple surrounded by tridents. Religious Dances Dances in tribal communities are performed in circles. 1, Gond - Gussadi Dance 2. Baiga — Karma Dance te 7% ¥a y Tk Ge & aeForefather temple — every stone in this temple depicts a generation, this temple keeps a record of all forefathers of _ families. Community gathering spaces in tribal settlements. A baabdev temple tradition which is A festival chariot, which is decorated noticed from the distance because it one month before the festival and is has a labyrinth of clay toys,. exhibited on the fairground. ¥ a Ya aw ¥ + Fork vw F § i 2 rd fest Yok T4w& BeyThess 2020 ELA 0 Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.5 Cognitive features of Settlements me %e hae me, — e ve a‘Thesis 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.6 Typology of Habitat Empirical study from tribal groups of India suggests that there are values, integrating into the spatial, social and ritual perspectives and ultimately leading to their habitat. Their lifestyle is amply represented in their dwelling which varies depending upon the location, occupation, community and the micro climate. For analysing, typologies can be worked out on the basis of spatial configuration, use of materials and building technology & form. However for the sake of simplicity typology has been worked on the basis of spatial configuration. The first type of dwelling unit shown in Figure 4 is habitat type Model, which is from the nucleus village. This is essentially the house of farmer tribes. It is the richest in terms of size, hierarchy of spaces and use of material (see Figure 4). This house has an enclosure for protection. it has a formal open courtyard used for social activities, semi enclosed private space which is used for guests, a covered living space which is sometimes two storied and cooking space with rear courtyard. The enclosure which is semi open is used as animal yard. The house is elongated along the major axis and is geometrically symmetrical. The roof type is lean to for semi open space and double lean to for covered and private spaces. The inner private spaces are elevated. The central place is the highest and sometimes mezzanine floors are also constructed. The walls are 60 to 90 cm thick mud walls. The roofing is done with earthen tiles supported by timber framework. For supporting roof of semi open spaces timber columns are used. The openings have door panels only on the external walls. For ventilation small vents are provided on the external walls.Thesis 2020 (Sd Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.6 Typology of Habitat The second type of dwelling which is shown in model 2 is found in linear pattern and follows the hierarchy of semi open, covered and semi open spaces. In this case the house is elongated along the major axis and there are no openings on side walls, Bamboo baskets or the grain storage made up of mud are used for creating partitions in living spaces. The house is of mud walls with pitched roof with earthen tiles, reeds are used for partitions. For cattle a temporary structure is erected either in front of the house or along the side walls. The third type of dwelling, the Model - Ill is found in clusters. The unit appears to be one rectangular block with a sloping roof. Within the rectangular plan partition walls are erected to separate living from cooking space. The walls are directly exposed to sun and very small openings are provided for ventilation. The plan of Model Ill is shown in Figure 6. The animal yard is constructed nearby. Te& fort ie“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.6 Typology of habitat In the fourth typology i.e. the Model IV, the plan of which represented in Figure is a house, elongated along the horizontal axis. The spatial hierarchy has semi open spaces adjoining the covered space. The entire dwelling unit is enclosed with walls and in under one roof. The entry is through a semi open space. On entrance a temporary shed is provided or a separate enclosure with thatch roof is provided for cattle. In the third and fourth typology the house appeared to be one unit. The main building material used for constructing the load-bearing walls of the dwellings was adobe, since earth is the most plentiful resource in the region. Adobe units were made of earth, which could be found on site, mixed with straw along with water. Stones were used to reinforce the wall. In the case of houses in hilly terrain where bamboo is plentiful, the walls are made of split bamboos. The walls are often made of bulrushes, maize stalks . The roofs are hipped, double lean and lean to roof. The roofing is done with earthen tiles. The earthen tiles are supported by a timber framework. The timber used is crude and undressed, the straws or bamboo strips are used to provide the support to earthen tiles. This make the roof perforated and allows ventilation. oe Pat PS w Fash Woe Pe» Bas 1 KF The y Very Xi 4 & er“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.6 Typology of habitat The load-bearing walls support the roof frame placed above. The Eaves of the roofs are projected along with the length of the house. This projection protects the erosion of mud wall during rains and also provides sunshade. The temporary structure for cattle is constructed with four wooden post and flat thatch roof; reeds are also used for partition walls. The lintels were of timber planks. For ventilation circular voids were left in wall. Bamboos were used as grill in case of large openings. The mezzanine floor of the dwellings consists of the wooden logs or the beams that bear the wooden floor placed right above the timber ties. They make huge storage bins for grain storage. Generally, the bins are quite tall and square in shape. Cow dung and mud is applied for finishing and surfacing of flooring and walls. The houses are decorated by painting the figures of animals, birds and vegetation. Relief work is also seen which is done by using rice husk and mud, 4.1.7 Conclusion Buildings, as their design and use today contribute to serious environmental problems because of excessive consumption of energy and other natural resources. It is also important that the local building wisdom and culture be explored and the precious heritage of vernacular architectural culture be passed on ( Jun H. L. et al., 2012). The tribal populations in the geographically remote areas are still following the indigenous vernacular style for their settlements and habitat. These habitats provide them the needed thermal and visual comforts at reduced level of resource consumption. These practices can be effectively adopted and integrated into the present days building design. The settlement pattern of the tribal habitats suggests that the size should be finite to achieve sustainability. Se Fy PS a we Fg VY a Fs 4A See t ox Fer kom Yer“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.7 Conclusion The structure or shape of the settlement should be with respect to the topography. The natural drains works as streets, the ridges, the valleys and the vegetation affects the microclimate and should be considered before placing the building blocks. The streets and courtyard in between the cluster modulate the airflow for proper ventilation and also reduces thermal gain in tropical conditions. The individual houses don’t have sewerage. The waste water from the houses is disposed on the streets which dry up in the sun. The organic waste from the settlement is dumped at one place and is used as manure. The buildings are oriented to minimize the solar gain during summers ensuring adequate daylight and protection from rains. The spatial configuration allows thermal comfort and sufficient privacy and interactive spaces amongst the habitat. The materials used for construction is low embodied energy and provides thermal insulation. The semi open spaces around the core of the building helps in reducing the thermal gain whereas the open courtyards are used to catch the sun for agricultural related purposes. The tribal settlements and habitat demonstrate an economical use of native natural building resources, and respond to climatic conditions using eco friendly design principles that provide human comfort. These design principles are consistent with the form, orientation and materiality of the buildings. Their combination of social, functional and environmental reveals life full with color, flavor fervor which, instead of imposing on the nature it emanates from it. Se Fy PS a we Fg VY a Fs 4A See t ox Fer kom Yer“Thess 2020 see eee 4.1 REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 4.1.8 Inferences Characteristics Different cultures of tribal and folk are well defined. Aesthetics Murals, painting, sculpture are integral part of architecture. Planning Settlement planning as per their lifestyle. Community Choupal, otla, chowk, courtyard for social interaction. Strong social living binding. Festival squares with religious tower. Site planning _ done as per topography and landscape. Generally it includes a fruit garden or farm land. If they are involved in animal husbandry than animal room is also included. Habitat Each and every space designed in dwellings are multipurpose, Planning storage capacity of dwelling is exceptional. Planning and methodology is climate responsive. Response to _Plan form and built form are evolved as per the climatic conditions climate of the region. Stone Itis used in masonry, roof, flooring, in-built furniture, Chajjas and Jharakhos are provided for shading. Mud Rammed earth, adobe, mud mortar used in random rubble masonry, helps in acoustics and heat resistant. Bamboo Because of strength and flexibility widely used as structural skeleton, roofing structure, composite construction and utility items like jaails, baskets etc. Timber Used as a structural component, in the construction of beams, rafter, trusses, doors, windows and furniture. Lime Used in brick masonry as a binding material, for plastering and fresco painting. Brick and _Brick is used for masonry walls, piers, jaalis, etc. Terracotta is used Terracotta in roofing tiles, roof gutters, pottery. Cow dung Cow dung is used as fuel other than that it is also used for plastering the walls and floor. Thatch and Thatch and straws are used for roofing. Agro waste is used for Agro waste various purpose like for preparation of mortar, plaster. j oa ost ar ee I Ke Ak ess? XTX TeChapter -5 PRIMARY CASE STUDIES te Roitie fot jorriv fetThess 2020 MRO Tribal Eco Vilage = Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH 5.1.1 INTRODUCTION: *Location- Madhya Pradesh Janjati Sanghralay Shayamla Hills, Bhopal- 462 002 *Controlling Authority - MP Government And. Tribal And Heritage Department. “Architect - Rewathi Kamath *Site Area- 32000 Sq.m “Built up area -13000 Sq.m *Construction Time- 2004 - 2013 “Project Budget- 2 Crore sLandscape TRIBAL MUSEUM BHOPAL “Urban Spaces Height of structure-12m 5.1.2 PHILOSOPHY: The aim of the design is to blend the past with the future. Simultaneously ,it should reflect the development of modern building science and technology in future. The idea was to create a unique landmark of the human civilization built at the stroke of the new millennium as a tribute to illustrious history. To reflect the ultimate eternity as well as the constant metamorphosis of the human mind. + Itis designed to emphasis the experience of ideas and visual figures of speech through a built geography that is ‘vaguely familiar’ and non alienating. Rr eon y at al Scr cay) pa x vv 4s5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH 5.1.3 DESIGN FEATURES: Thess 2020 MA Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum The architecture of the Museum is inspired by tribal rhythms, geometries, materials, forms, aesthetics and spatial consciousness, these very qualities are now acting as points of inspiration for the display materials being created by tribal artisans, supported by anthropologists, sociologists and social workers. The structure is built of steel tubes, castellated girders, and steel rods fabricated into intricate trusses. Steel seemed to be a natural choice in the land & location of ancient Iron Age & Bronze Age civilizations, and the contemporary truck body building industry. 5.1.4 CLIMATE CONDITION: * Contouring site. * Bhopal has a humid subtropical climate, with cool, dry winters, a hot summer and a humid monsoon season. * Uneven elevation and has small hills within its boundaries. 5.1.5 NO. OF FOOT FALLS: * 100-300 per day (March- August) * 300-600 per day (September- February) 5.1.6 PLANNING CONSIDERATION: * COURTYARD PLANNING. + CIRCULATION. + INTERCONNECTIVITY OF THE GALLERIES. * PROPER DIVISION OF SPACES.ARCHITECTURAL SCHEMES * Due to the undulating land of the site , museum was designed in levels. + Slope of 5m from main entrance to the museum entrance. + Hence museum starts from first floor. + Then inside the museum ramp is provided from first to ground floor. * Courtyards provided at the same level as of the main entrance. * Landscaping done on undulating land at ground level.(1) Ehibition Halls. (0) Landscape with waterbodies. Central Park. ‘= Service Vehicle entry and flow.. [ll Amphitheatre = Public Vehicle entry and flow... Public Parking de Roitde fot jorrie fetThesis 2020 (Mla Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH CLIMATIC RESPONSE: + Use of ventilators for Temperature control. + Use of plantation on roofs for lowering the surface temperature. + Sloping roofs for draining the rain water. + Design of shading devices-use of pivoted window, extended sloping roof. + Use of ponds for cooling effect. + Use of courtyards for heat exchange into the building. + Open corridors for cross ventilation and natural lightening. + Skylights are also provided for admittance of natural light. REQUIREMENTS: + Entrance lobby maintenance workshop * Reception + Store + Ticket counter + Conference room + Cloak room + Preservation room + Security check + Parking spaces + Waiting area + OAT + Sales counter * Auditorium + Toilets * Generator room + Exhibition gallery + Electric room + Admin block- directors cabin Creative office + * House for security + Modeling dept.- + Drinking water + workshop and + Information booth + Photography dept. Conservation lab- supervisor cabin store toilets Library @) . Cafeteria- kitchen store Toilets vy Wigh all, lV“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH |SERVICES: Air conditioning- ~-exhibition halls are air conditioned. *-AC plant rooms for 3 phases, located inside the building. Electrical- +-the main electrical plant room is in the lower ground floor. *-And small electrical spaces are provided adjacent to the entrance of each gallery. +-the electric layout is 3 phases distribution system. +-the whole interior is lighted artificially with spot light and fluorescent tube lights. Fire fighting- ++fire extinguishers are provided at each and every place near the entry to various places. Water supply +-underground tanks are provided in the premises from the artificial pond area where the water is supplied. Security- +-security and administration area was provided in the lower ground floor and at the main entrance +-camera control system is provided for all the galleries *-openings are provided with iron grills *-Door are made up of high tensile iron. Energy consumption was pretty high due to heavy use of artificial lights in galleries and air conditioning for climatic control of the exhibited areaThess 2020 ME Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH INTERIOR : The halls consisted of showcases including regional belongings, artwork, huts etc. The Route Takes The Visitor Past Courtyards Between The Pavilions On One Side While The Other Side Overlooks A Focal Amphitheatre. The Upper Verandah Traces The Same Arc As Below , Accessed Through Ramps That Encompass Generous Courtyards. The steel trusses and | sections in the interior is designed by hollowing the web. The window curtains are made up of decorative jute fabric and ms jalis. Columns are used as the trunk by covering it with jute, Beautiful carpets are used to decorate the railing. Colorful lights on display are the most important element which is enhancing the interior. The ac shaft is again decorated by covering it with jute threads. 1 2» ya we P.8 VY a Fe I 4 h AK’ RES? ko Ses?“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH THE HOUSE OF KORKU TRIBE. + Korku tribe belongs to Munda tribal group. They reside in Chhindwara , Betul, Hoshangabad and Khandwa districts of Madhya Pradesh. * The colonies of Kordu houses called Dhada are build in rows standing in front of each other, North facing korku house has four slopes. + First Mungalai Angan (courtyard for cattle)where animals and fodder are kept in sheds. + A carved door having two panels opens into drawing room, which is in facts a hall called Osari. On one side it has panelled almirahs and open space and on the other side there is a hand mill etc. The house consists of three portions- in fronts side there is a Tale Osari, in the middle manjotha and on the back side Tala-ura . Manjotha is divided into - verandah or Dana Kholi, which is a room without windows. + ithas entry only thought the kitchen. In the other portions of Manjotha there is a small platform where Deity is enshrined. this room is also used for sleeping + All auspicious functions and rituals are performed in this room. * In the Ura on the back portion of the house in the left corner we find a stove or fireplace called iptin and on the right side is a room where all tools , implements, clothes etc. Are kept. there are shelves, paneled almirahs to keep belongings. the panels of almirahs are carved. + the houses may be two storied. Walls are generally made of the clay and the roof tiles sare made by family member themselves.Thess 2020 ARSED Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH THE HOUSE OF GOND TRIBE + Madhya Pradesh has over fifty sub tribes of Gond tribe.They are spread in Betul, Hoshangabad, Chhindwara, Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, Sagar, Damoh , Rewa, Satna, Shahadol, Raisen, Burhanpur and nasingthpur districts. + The tribal communities are buildings their houses using locally available materials. They do not harm their environments. They themselves build houses.Their houses becomes one with the landscape where they live. + This Gond house is a replica of traditional house found in Mandla region, For years, the Gond women have been decoration the walls and floors of this mud house using clay and indigenous colors. + This is an age old practice known in local dialect as nahadora or flooring. + The main entrance of the house is mostly east facing and on the left side is kept a cow shed, which is supposed to be a sacred place in the houses where auspicious occasions are celebrated and important rituals are performed. + The houses is composed of the drawing room (Paitha Bangla) an open verandah {Parchhi), which is adjacent to the courtyard where implements related to the cattle are kept, kitchen (Murhat Ghar) having enough spaces for storing grains, pulses and oilseeds. Remaining rooms are called Kuria. * The family God is enshrined at a small platform in fronts of the wall where the chulha or earthen hearth is build. + Though, there is no images or idol of God, but is represented by food grains and coins that are placed is a pit. An open space symbolizing voidness is an essential features of Gond house and for that matter every traditional Indian house. i» <7 4» Fs Pe a Bos I 4 LZRaAaL BeST & SAY BesThess 2020 CEA Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH HOUSE OF BAIGA TRIBE + The Baiga tribe is originally considered a sub-branch of Bhumia tribe of chhota Nagpur. They mainly live in the hilly areas of Mandla, Dindori, Balaghat and Amarkantak. + In old Baiga hamlets, all the houses were built around an open space in the centre with +a shared courtyard, where a bonfire was made in the evening. © This type of settlement is no longer seen anywhere. A traditional Baiga house consists of a room with two roofs. The courtyard and house are surrounded by a fence of wood logs which they call Parda (fence). + Since Baiga village are adjacent to forests , a high and strong fencing is a must to prevent entry of wild animals. Earlier, the roofs of the houses were made of Chhirra, Anheda, Ravai or bamboo mats which were besmeared with clay from inside. Now these are made of clay or bricks. Earlier, the roof was also made of Chhirra or Move. grass or tree leaves which have now been replaced by tiles. * As we enter the house, we see a Padhenda (stand) for keeping water pots and a (khudari)bamboo granary to store the grains. Then there is a Katara Putali(container)made of tree leaves to keep pluses and salts. The stove or the fireplace is on right side while containers and all the implements are kept On left side. The wooden doors and door frames have intricate are expressive of artistic perceptions of Baiga man while the walls are decorated by women that manifests their aesthetic sense.“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH HOUSE OF Bhil TRIBE: + Bhil is the third largest tribe in the country in term of population. They are mostly settled in Jhabua, Alirajpur, Dhar and Ratlam districts of Madhya Pradesh. Bhilala, Patalya, Bareala and Rathya are the sub castes, They bhils live in dry and less fertile areas. They have small landholdings. + They build their houses in there Agricultural fields, so that they could easily look after their crops. There population is scattered. * East facing Bhill houses have two sloped roofs- one in front and the other on rare side. The walls of the house and granaries are made of siyawa shrubs grown on the slopes. Now bamboo is used as there shrubs are rarely found. + This is strengthened by besmearing clay both inside and outside. The roof is made of teak leaves or date trees. Sometimes tiles are used. + The house has two main portion- ohariwala Where food is cooked and food grain is stored, and the family Goddess who dwells in a five feet long pillar of teak called Ghinchari is placed. This Deity is worshipped on special occasions. + The other portion of the house is used for sleeping and keeping other household articles. This portion is called Mewada Ghar. + In the courtyard outside the house there are padhendi (stand) to place water filled pitches. On the exterior walls of the house. + The roof is projected like a shed so that extended roof is used for protection of cattle, fodder, cow dung cakes, wood etc. + The house in the areas abundant in teak forests have rich carvings on the wood pillars are objects in there houses, on the walls, Bhil/ Bhilala woman make auspicious drawings. q ¥ a y % yw - ¥ I Ke roe * q kom Yer“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH LIGHTING: excellent play of lights. + Artificial lights are used for focusing on the exhibiting elements. + Ample amount of natural lighting was also there. + Different color schemes in lighting. + Changing the color schemes from gallery to gallery relieves monotony and helps in reducing Museum fatigue. * Exhibition spaces usually have a flexible grid of high quality track lighting. + Artificial lighting- the ideal angle preferred is usually 65-70 degrees. + The more sensitive the collection material, the less lighting is provided. + The corridors are provided with complete exposed natural light.‘Thesis 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH TYPES OF EXHIBIT SPACES: Large spaces — these spaces are required for exhibiting Huge huts— min. 6 and max. 25 m? Artifacts -low height display- 0.2m to 1m High height display- 1.5m to more than 10m Outdoor spaces (trees n forest For creating artificial environment.) 10-50m ? MATERIALS: EXTERIOR steel truss, RCC sloping roofs, Grilled windows, kudus, wooden post doors, stone(granite) Interior: acrylic paints, jute, clay, marble, lime, wood blocks and bamboo , earthen materials, thatch, glass, cow dung, ply, mirrors, grills, metal channels, cardboard, etc. bar > pa ye“Thess 2020 Tribal Eco Village - A Living Museum 5.1 TRIBAL MUSEUM, BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH par ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES: + It follows a great circulation pattern, the galleries are interconnected with each other, creating a sense of visual walk. + Every exhibition gallery is different in the interiors that create the visitor to use every space of the room and touch, feel the elements exhibit. + Veranda offering spaces for workshops conducted by craftsmen and artisans, defined by the superposed structural order of steel. + Use of multi sectioned and different styled window for a better showcase purpose * use of organic material in the interior to show better craftsmanship and originality. + Use of landscape pattern on the roofs for lower the heat in summer. + Creating a artificial water system to control humidity and temperature + Use of artificial lighting for extra visual attraction and catchy spots INFERENCES Positive points: + effective use of artificial lighting + good utilization of spaces + excellent connectivity between the galleries + climate protection + creation of good artificial landscaping + use of organic n vulnerable materials (clay, husk ,bamboo, cow dung, acrylic colors etc.) + more of indoor display + information boards for blind people. artifacts were originally made by tribal people. Negative points: + minimum use of natural lighting. + no working models. + minimum outdoor display. + no audio visual information portals for the visitors. + no ventilation, no fire exit. a Fe Ew a RF ly GC) ee KR Yeast h 9 & kes? a 4M ResThesis 2020 (lad Tribal Eco Vilage = A Living Museum 5.2 CHAUKHI DHANI, JAIPUR INTRODUCTION: slocation- tonk highway, jaipur “designer- prof. chinmay mehta, jaipur ssurrounding- city outskirts ssite area- 1800 m.square construction time- 1992 - 1995 *project budget- 1.3 crore Chokhi dhaniis “A placid complex begetting a panoramic countryside view.” ‘In the magical land of Rajasthan where the heat shimmers like phantom water, where the things one sees are not really there and where the things that vanish behind veils of illusion, stands Chokhi Dhani, an ethnic village resort with a blend of rustic environment and modern amenities making it an important destination in Pink city. *Site covers an area of 18 acres, of which a five acre land is earmarked for future projects. “It has been divided into two parts: the first is meant for a resort (for the tourists stay) while the other caters to the needs of day-today visitors. “Prof. Chinmay Mehta, an artist-designer and also the Dean, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, conceived the project. He made 3-D sketches in lieu of architectural drawings, plans, etc. to visualize the idea. PLANNING FEATURES: *Cluster planning Functionally inter-related spaces were clubbed together and segregated in a haphazard manner *The entire theme of Rajasthan was depicted in terms of jungle, lake side ,desert side etc..the proximity of these spaces were a beautiful amalgamation to the visitors Open spaces were rightly acknowledged with right use of activities like merry-go- rounds , camel rides , chat shops etc. *Zoning enabled the visitors to view the whole place (open planning)and explore places of their interest. me ae © Ye hae