CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL Nov.

13, 1995
DEVELOPMENT
CPD
• A mandatory and the longest phase of
professional education
• inculcation of advanced knowledge, skills,
& ethical values in a post-licensure
specialization or in an inter- or
multidisciplinary field of study, for
assimilation into professional practice,
self-directed research and/or lifelong
learning
• on-going planned, learning & • PRC Modernization Act of 2000 (RA
development process that:
✓ expands & fulfill full potentials
✓ contribute to work-based & personal
development
✓ can be applied/assessed against
competences for the workers role
and organizational performance
• pre-requisite for salary adjustment in
developed countries
BENEFITS OF CPD
• PRC Chair
• PRC Resolution No. 381, s. 1995
entitled “Standardized Guidelines and
Procedures for the Implementation of the
Continuing Professional Education (CPE)
Programs for all Professions”
Administrative Order No. 260, s. 1996 E.O.
No. 266 - Completion of 60 CPE units as a
condition for the renewal of licenses
Dec. 5, 2000
8981)
2004
• Resolution No. 179
• Voluntary CPE program
PRC Resolution 2008-466 – moral obligation
to obtain CPE units
PRC Resolution 2013-774 – revised CPE/CPD
Guidelines to CPD Guidelines

To Individual To the July 21, 2016

Organization • RA 10912
Builds confidence & Maximizes staff • Took effect on August 16, 2016
credibility potential
Showcases Set SMART March 15, 2017
achievements; (specific, • PRC Resolution No. 1032
useful for appraisals measurable, • “Implementing Rules and Regulations of
realistic, time-bound) RA 10912”
objectives
Achieves career Promotes staff RA 10912 – CPD Act of 2016
goals development
Constantly updating Adds value for CPD PROCESS
knowledge & skills reflecting; For
organization’s CPD Council – oversee implementation of
development CPD programs
Improves Linking to • Composition
productivity & appraisals; helps 1. Chairperson – member of
efficiency employees focus Professional Regulatory Board
their achievements 2. First Member – president / officer of
through the years PAMETH
3. Second Member – President/officer
HISTORY of PASMETH
• Term
July 25, 1995 1. Chairperson – Co-terminus with
• President Fidel V. Ramos incumbency
• Executive Order No. 266 entitled 2. Members – 2 years
“Institutionalization of the Continuing
Professional Education (CPE) Programs CPD providers need to apply their respective
of the Various Professional Regulatory programs to CPD Council at least 45 days prior
Boards (PRBs) under the Supervision of to the conduct of the CPD activity.
the Professional Regulation Commission
(PRC)”

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 CPD PROVIDERS FOR MTs (as of Feb. 19, GENERAL MATRIX OF CPD ACTIVITIES
2021 = 118)

CPD UNITS REQUIREMENTS

PRC Resolution 1032 s. 2017

• RMT: 45 CUs
• MLT: 30 CUs

PRC Resolution 1146 s. 2019

• Minimum of 15 units during the transition
period

Any excess CPD units cannot be carried over

to the next 3-year period except for the CUs
from doctorate & master’s degrees or specialty
trainings.

The CPD is hereby made as a mandatory

requirement in the renewal of the professional
identification card (PIC) of all registered and
licensed professionals under the regulation of
the PRC.

Every professional is required to renew PIC

every 3 years.

PIC Renewal Minimum CPD

Period Units Required for
the Profession
January-June 2017 0%
July-December 2017 30%
2018 60%
2019 onwards 100%

NATURE OF CPD PROGRAMS

1. Formal Learning
2. Non-formal Learning.
3. Informal Learning
4. Self-directed Learning
5. Online Learning Activities
6. Professional Work Experience

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If a professional attended a training/seminar CPD LOGO
that was not organized by a CPD provider or
has no assigned CPD units, he/she can apply
the said training/seminar to the CPD Council.
They will convert those to CUs & he/she will be
entitled to a Certificate of Credit Units
Earned.

This will exact costs and an evaluation period of

60 days.

Those who cannot complete the required CPD

units can file an affidavit of undertaking to
allow him/her to renew his/her PIC. The
shortfall in CPD units will be added to his/her
next renewal.

DRAWBACKS OF CPD UNIT

REQUIREMENTS

• Difficulty of access to CPD programs for

APPLICATION FORM
professionals assigned to remote areas
• Financial burden
• Lack of time to attend CPD programs

PROCEDURE FOR ACCREDITATION OF

CPD PROGRAM

Step 1. Secure Application Form at Window 15,

16, or 17 of the Registration Division, PRC-
PICC, or at any of the Regional Offices, or
download at PRC website (www.prc.gov.ph).

Step 2. Fill-out Application Form and comply

the required documents. (Please provide one
(1) set for receiving copy)

Step 3. Proceed to Window 15, 16, or 17 of the

Registration Division, PRC-PICC, or at any of
the Regional Offices for evaluation and
assessment

Step 4. Pay prescribed fee (in cash, Postal

Money Order, Manager’s Check, Bank Draft
payable to Professional Regulation
Commission) of One Thousand Pesos (P
1,000.00).

Step 5. Submit Application Form with attached

supporting documents and photocopy of official
receipt to Window 15, 16, or 17 of the
Registration Division, PRC-PICC, or at any of
the Regional Offices.

Step 6. Verify your application after ___days

from time of submission by calling telephone
numbers: 310-10-48 (PRC-Main)/810-84-15
(PRC-PICC), or email at
prc.cpdsecretariat@gmail.com

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PRC RESOLUTIONS
CONCEPT PAPER

Concept Paper - a short written document

before starting a plan/project

Purpose
• Illustrate proposed project/plan is worth
doing because it is interesting & has
significance
• methods proposed are feasible and are
likely to work & can be performed within
the specific time period allocated
• explain what the plan/project is all about

How long is a concept paper?

• 1-3 pages for undergraduate students

Components
• Assessment
• Rationale/introduction
• Objective of training (CPD)
• Methodology
• Date of implementation & duration
• Venue
• Expected output/outcome
• Evaluate

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 NATURE OF CLINICAL LABORATORY
Clinical Laboratory
• where specimens (blood & other body
fluids, tissues, feces, hair, nails, etc.)
collected from individuals are processed,
analyzed, preserved & properly disposed
• provide accurate & reliable information to
medical doctors for the diagnosis,
prognosis, treatment, & management of
diseases
• 70% of decision of doctors are based on
lab tests
• Involved in research, community outreach
programs, surveillance, infection control
in hospitals & community settings,
information dissemination, & evaluation of
the applicability of current & innovative
diagnostic technologies
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CLINICAL
LABORATORIES
1. Function
A. Clinical Pathology – testing of
blood & other bodily fluids
a. Clinical chemistry
b. Immunohematology & blood
banking
c. Medical microbiology
d. Immunology & serology
e. Hematology
f. Parasitology
g. Clinical microscopy
h. Toxicology
i. Therapeutic drug monitoring
j. Endocrinology
B. Anatomical Pathology – B. Secondary category (hospital &
microscopic examination of tissues &
organs
a. Histopathology
b. Immunohistopathology
c. Cytology
d. Autopsy
e. Forensic pathology
2. Institutional Characteristics
A. Institution based/Hospital-based -
operates within the premises or part
of an institution
a. Hospital
b. School
c. Medical clinic
d. Medical facility for overseas
workers & seafarers
e. Birthing home
f. Psychiatric facility
g. Drug rehabilitation center
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B. Free Standing – not part of an
established institution
3. Ownership
A. Government - owned,
wholly/partially, by national/local
government units (usually by DOH)
a. San Lazaro Hospital
b. Jose R. Reyes Memorial
Medical Center
c. University of the Philippines-
Philippine General Hospital
d. Ospital ng Maynila Medical
Center
e. Sta. Ana Hospital
f. Bulacan Medical Center
B. Privately - owned, established &
operated by an individual,
corporation, institution, association,
or organization
a. St. Luke’s Medical Center
b. Makati Medical Center
c. MCU-FDTMF Hospital
4. Service Capability
A. Primary category – perform basic
routine lab testing
a. Routine urinalysis
b. Routine stool examination
c. Routine hematology or CBC
including hemoglobin (hgb),
hematocrit (HCT), WBC, &
RBC count
d. WBC differential count &
qualitative platelet count
e. Blood typing
f. Gram staining (if hospital
based)
non-hospital based) – perform lab
tests done by the primary category
with routine clinical chemistry tests
a. Blood glucose concentration
b. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
c. Blood Uric Acid (BUA)
d. Blood creatinine
e. Cholesterol determination
f. Qualitative platelet count
g. Gram stain (hospital based)
h. KOH mount (hospital based
i. Crossmatching (hospital
based)
C. Tertiary Category (hospital & non-
hospital based) – perform all lab
tests in secondary category plus:
a. Immunology & serology
➢ NS1-Ag for dengue
➢ rapid plasma reagin
 ➢ treponema pallidum Administrative Orders under this RA
particle agglutination A. AO 247, s. 1976 – governing affiliation
tests of MT schools, colleges & universities
b. Microbiology, bacteriology, & in government hospitals under the
mycology DOH
➢ differential staining B. AO 21, s. 1979 – for the accreditation
techniques of training labs for MT interns
➢ culture & identification of C. AO 118-B, s. 1992 – for the
bacteria & fungi from accreditation of clinical labs for training
specimens of MT interns
➢ antimicrobial D. AO 14-A, s. 1997 – revised fees for lab
susceptibility testing diagnostic procedures performed in the
c. Special clinical chemistry BRL
➢ clinical enzymology E. AO 19-A, s. 1998 – the national policy
➢ therapeutic drug on cyto-screening in cervical cancer
monitoring control program designation of MTs as
➢ markers for certain cyto-screeners
diseases F. AO 7-C, s. 2001 – decentralization of
d. Special hematology some regulatory functions of the
➢ bone marrow studies Bureau of Health Facilities and
➢ special staining for Services on Clinical Laboratories & HIV
abnormal cells testing labs to the centers for health
➢ red cell orphology development in the transition phase
e. Immunohematology & blood
banking 2. AO 59, s. 2001
➢ blood donation program • Nov. 19, 2001
➢ antibody screening &
identification A. Section 1: Title
➢ preparation of blood • “Rules and Regulation
components Governing the Establishment,
D. National Reference Laboratory - Operation, and Maintenance of
lab in a government hospital Clinical Laboratories in the
designated by the DOH to provide Philippines”
special diagnostic functions & B. Section 2: Authority
services for certain diseases • Implements RA 4688
a. Referral services • DOH, through the Bureau of
b. Provision of confirmatory Health Facilities and Services
testing (BHFS) shall exercise the
c. Assistance for research regulatory functions under
activities these rules & regulations
d. Implementation of External C. Section 3: Purpose
Quality Assurance Program • To protect & promote health of
(EQAP) of government the people by ensuring
e. Training of MTs on certain availability of clinical labs that
specialized procedures that are properly managed with
require standardization adequate resources, with
effective & efficient
CLINICAL LABORATORY LAWS performance through
compliance with quality
1. RA 4688 standards
• June 18, 1966 D. Section 4: Scope
• “Clinical Laboratory Laws” • Apply to all entities performing
• regulating the operation & the activities & functions of
maintenance of clinical labs & clinical labs (analysis &
requiring the registration of the same examination of all samples of
with the DOH, providing penalty for the human tissues & body fluids)
violation thereof, & for other purposes • except for government labs
• preventing the operation & of doing lab examinations limited
substandard improperly managed & to acid fast bacilli microscopy,
poorly equipped labs

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 malaria screening & cervical L. Section 12: Publication of List of
cancer screening Licensed Clinical Labs
E. Section 5: Classification of Labs • A list of licensed clinical labs
F. Section 6: Policies must be published annually in a
• Permit to construct is given by newspaper or general
BHFS prior to submission of circulation.
Petition to Operate M. Section 13: Effectivity
• license to operate is issued by • Rules & regulations shall take
BHFS/CHD effect 15 days after its
G. Section 7: Requirements & publication in a newspaper or
Procedures for Application of Permit general circulation.
to Construct & License to Operate
• Inspection shall be done by TECHNICAL STANDARDS & MINIMUM
director of BHFS/CHD every REQUIREMENTS
two years or as necessary
H. Section 8: Violations 1. Staffing – should have continuing
• Operation of a clinical lab education program, available to upgrade
without a certified pathologist or knowledge & skills
registered MT A. Managed by licensed pathologist
• change of ownership, location, • Otherwise, a physician with 3
head of laboratory or personnel months training on clinical
without informing the laboratory medicine, quality
BHFS/CHD control & lab management
• refusal to allow inspection of the B. Enough RMTs – at least 1 RMT per
clinical lab by the person/s shift (hospital-based)
authorized by the BHFS during
reasonable hours 2. Physical Facilities
• gross negligence • Well-ventilated, adequately lighted,
• any act/omission detrimental to clean & safe
the public • With adequate water supply &
I. Section 9: Investigation of sufficient space
Charges/Complaints
• Done by BHFS/CHD
• violation of RA 4688 will mean
suspension, cancelation or
revocation of the license as well
as the authority of the offending
person/s
• operation without proper license
shall be subjected to 3. Equipment/Instruments
imprisonment for 1 month - 1
year, or fine of P1000.00 -
P5000.00, or both
J. Section 10: Modification &
Revocation of License
• A license may be revoked,
suspended or modified in full or
in part for any material false
statement by the applicant, or
as shown by the record of
inspection or for a violation of,
or failure to comply any of the
terms and conditions &
provisions of these rules &
regulations.
K. Section 11: Repealing Clause 4. Quality Control Program
• Rules & regulations shall A. Internal QC
supersede all other previous
• Shall provide quality control
official issuance hereof. reference materials

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 • Shall be documented, • Special tests
continuous competency ➢ TFT (T3, T4, TSH)
assessment program for all ➢ Estrogen
laboratory personnel ➢ Prolactin
• Shall provide standard lab ➢ Testosterone
methods, reagents, supplies & ➢ TDM (for prohibited drugs)
equipment • Blood & urine – most common to be
B. External QC tested
• Given by national reference • One of the busiest sections
laboratory • State-of-the-art, fully automated
• All clinical labs shall participate
for it is one of the criteria for 2. Microbiology
renewal of license. Any refusal • Identifies bacteria & fungi on specimen
shall mean suspension of • 4 sections
license. ➢ Bacteriology
5. Reporting ➢ Mycobacteriology
• Results shall be signed by both RMTs ➢ Mycology
& the pathologist ➢ Virology
• Lab requests shall be construed as a • Examples
consultation between the physician & ➢ microscopic visualization of
the pathologist microorganisms after staining
• Shall not issue a report orally or in ➢ isolation & identification of
writing without a directive from the bacteria (aerobes & anaerobes) &
pathologist fungi using varied culture media &
different biochemical tests
6. Recording ➢ antigen typing
• To ensure quality results ➢ antibacterial susceptibility
➢ preparation of culture media &
7. Laboratory Fees stains
• Lab and professional fees to be ➢ infection control
charged for lab examination shall be at • blood & other body fluids, stool,
prevailing rates tissues & swabs are usually tested

SECTIONS OF THE CLINICAL 3. Hematology & Coagulation Studies

LABORATORY
Hematology
1. Clinical Laboratory • enumeration of cells in the blood &
• Testing of blood & other body fluids to other body fluids (eg: CSF, pleural,
quantify essential soluble chemicals etc.)
including waste products for the • study of cellular component
diagnosis of certain diseases • Examples
• Examples ➢ Complete blood count (CBC)
➢ Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and ➢ Hgb
glycosylated hemoglobin ➢ Hematocrit (HCT)
(HbA1c) for diabetes ➢ WBC differential count
➢ Total cholesterol: high- and low- ➢ red cell morphology & cell indices
density lipoproteins (HDL & LDL) ➢ quantitative platelet count
➢ Triglyceride (TAG) for ➢ blood smear preparation
cardiovascular diseases ➢ total cell count & differential count
➢ BUA, BUN, creatinine for kidney ➢ differential count
➢ Total protein (TP) ➢ staining for other body fluids
➢ Albumin
➢ Bilirubin Coagulation Studies
➢ Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl) • blood testing for determination of
➢ Liver enzymes (ast, alt) various coagulation factors
➢ Cardiac enzyme (ck, ld)
➢ Clinical enzymology
(aminotransferase, creatine
kinase)

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Preparation of blood smear for differential 4. Clinical Microscopy
count A. Urinalysis
• Macroscopic examination
(color, transparency, specific
gravity, & pH level)
• microscopic examination
(detect presence of abnormal
cells and/or parasites as well as
quantify red cells & WBC)
• chemicals examination
B. Fecalysis
• Detection & identification of
parasitic worms & ova

5. Blood Bank/Immunohematology
• Most critical section
• Blood typing & compatibility testing
(two main activities)
• Antibody screening & identification
• Donor recruitment & screening,
bleeding of donor & post-donation
care (hospital-based clinical lab)

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 LABORATORY TESTING CYCLE &
QUALITY ASSURANCE

6. Immunology & Serology

• Analysis of serum antibodies in certain
infectious agents
• Hepa B profile tests, serological test
for syphilis & tests for hepa C, &
dengue fever
1. Pre-analytic Phase
7. Anatomic Pathology • receipt of lab request
A. Histopathology/Cytology • patient preparation
• Tissue (from biopsy/autopsy) • specimen collection
processing, cutting into sections, • proper transport & processing of
staining & preparation for specimen to the clinical lab
microscopic examination by a
pathologist Variables that may cause errors:
• Physiologic factors
SPECIALIZED SECTIONS OF THE • Diet
LABORATORY • Medications
• alcohol & caffeine intake
1. Immunohistochemistry
• exercise
• combines anatomical, clinical &
• underlying disease conditions
biochemical techniques where
• identification of patients and labelling
antibodies (monoclonal & polyclonal)
of specimen
bound to enzymes & fluorescent dyes
are used to detect presence of • anti-coagulant use & volume of
antigens in tissue specimen collected (vis-à-vis)

2. Molecular biology & Biotechnology 2. Analytic Phase

• DNA & RNA are identified and • actual testing of submitted/collected
sequenced to detect any pathologic specimen
conditions/disease process • consideration to equipment &
instruments, reagents, & quality
PCR control program
• Most common technique currently in
use Variables that may cause errors:
• For screening genetic indicators of • equipment & instruments
disease, diagnosis of cancer & • quality reagents used
infectious diseases such as COVID-19 • internal quality control program

3. Post-analytic Phase
• Transmission of test results to the MD
for interpretation
• Turn around time (TAT)
• Application of doctor’s
recommendations

Variables that may cause errors:

• Results given to the wrong person

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 • Wrong values used

QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Internal Quality Assurance System

(IQAS)
• Day-to-day activities undertaken to
control factors/variables that may
affect test results
B. External Quality Assurance System
(EQAS)
• System for checking performance
among clinical labs & is facilitated by
designated external agencies

NRL (National Reference Laboratories) –

DOH designated EQAS
• NKTI (National Kidney & Transplant
Institute) – Hematology & Coagulation
• RITM (Research Institure for Tropical
Medicine) – Microbiology and
Parasitology
• LCP (Lung Center of the PH) – Clinical
Chemistry (Glucose, Creatinine, Total
Protein, Albumin, Bun, Uric Acid,
Cholesterol, Na, K, & Cl)
• EAMC (East Avenue Medical Center) –
Drugs of Abuse
• SACCL (San Lazaro Hospital STD-
AIDS Cooperative Center Laboratory) –
HBsAg (Hepa B), HIV, & HCV (Hepa C)

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