Name: Justine Joy Avenido Course, Year and Sec: Bsed Science 3A Date:_________

Assessment in Chapter 9. Protein Synthesis

Answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. What is RNA?
- Ribonucleic acid is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding,
decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid are nucleic
acids.

2. What is the function of RNA?

- The primary function of RNA is to create proteins via translation. RNA carries genetic
information that is translated by ribosomes into various proteins necessary for cellular
processes. mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are the three main types of RNA involved in protein
synthesis.

3. Enumerate the three types of RNA and discuss its functions.

- Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis. They are messenger RNA
(mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which
are essential in protein synthesis. A ribosome contains a large and small ribosomal subunit.

4. Is RNA important? Why?

- RNA also plays an important role in regulating cellular processes–from cell division,

differentiation and growth to cell aging and death. Defects in certain RNAs or the
regulation of RNAs have been implicated in a number of important human diseases,
including heart disease, some cancers, stroke and many others.

5. What would happen if RNA stopped working? Can life exist without RNA? Why?

- Damaged RNA may simply interfere with a cell's normal activities, and/or it may induce
checkpoints leading to apoptosis, as DNA damage does. Another gene with a potential role
in RNA damage control is LSM1 of budding yeast.
Name: Justine Joy Avenido Course, Year and Sec.: Bsed Science 3A Date:_________

Activity in Chapter 9. Protein Synthesis

Activity Title: The Protein Synthesis (Making Proteins)

Objective: To discuss how proteins are made.

Procedure: Watch the video about the Protein Synthesis using this link
https://youtu.be/ubdoUqmNF98 , and answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. What is transcription?
- Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. The segments of
DNA transcribed into RNA molecules that can encode proteins are said to produce
messenger RNA. Other segments of DNA are copied into RNA molecules called non-
coding RNAs

2. Explain the process of transcription.

- Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied

into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic
material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template.

3. What is translation?

- In molecular biology and genetics, translation is the process in which ribosomes in the
cytoplasm or endoplasmic reticulum synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA
to RNA in the cell's nucleus. The entire process is called gene expression

4. Explain the process of translation.

- Translation has pretty much the same three parts, but they have fancier names: initiation,
elongation, and termination. Initiation ("beginning"): in this stage, the ribosome gets
together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin

Note: Explain using figures. You can draw to discuss it very well.