The Journal of The Textile Institute

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The fabric defect detection based on CIE L*a*b*

color space using 2-D Gabor filter

Junfeng Jing, Suimei Liu, Pengfei Li & Lei Zhang

To cite this article: Junfeng Jing, Suimei Liu, Pengfei Li & Lei Zhang (2016) The fabric defect
detection based on CIE L*a*b* color space using 2-D Gabor filter, The Journal of The Textile
Institute, 107:10, 1305-1313, DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2015.1102458

To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2015.1102458

Published online: 23 Oct 2015.

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The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2016
Vol. 107, No. 10, 1305–1313, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2015.1102458

The fabric defect detection based on CIE L*a*b* color space using 2-D Gabor filter
Junfeng Jing*, Suimei Liu, Pengfei Li and Lei Zhang
College of Electronic and Information, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an Shaanxi, China
(Received 11 November 2014; accepted 17 September 2015)

A detection algorithm based on CIE L*a*b* color space is proposed to detect various colorful fabric defects more
accurately and avoid the error detection resulted from losing image information of graying. CIE L*a*b* color space is
transformed from XYZ space via nonlinear transformation of RGB space. First, three features including the brightness
characteristics L*, color information of a* and b* which are used to form 2-D Gabor filter in a complex number can be
acquired. Genetic algorithm with the objective function in a form of energy is adopted to select optimal Gabor filter
parameters. Second, filter built by flawless image is used to filter the corresponding drawbacks of image. Third, ultimate
results are obtained through sliding threshold segmentation method and properly de-noising. The experiment success rate
is 95.83%, which indicate that this method can detect diversiform colorful fabric defect accurately.
Keywords: colorful fabrics; defect detection; CIE L*a*b* color space; 2-D Gabor filter

Introduction
Flaws which are caused by many factors such as quality
of cotton, procedure of weaving, printing, dyeing, and
post-tailoring make a big influence on textile quality.
The quality of textile not only is a standard for
measuring both production and management level of
enterprises, but also affects textile trade. Hence, it is
significant that detecting defects while putting fabric into
use. The defective regions is marked and trimmed by
comparing detected fabrics with model fabrics during
detect process in traditional manual testing. The speed of
defect online detection is generally higher than 60 m/
min. The minimum size of defect is 0.5 mm (Zou,
Wang, & Sun, 2009). However, the speed of a skilled
defect detection staff ordinary is 15–20 m/min. Besides,
lower resolution of human eyes and higher inattention
after long-time work leads that accuracy rate is only
70% when human complete the detection of 0.8–1.0 m
of fabric (Jing, Zhang, & Li, 2013). Therefore, automatic
detection is developed gradually for shunning the lower
labor detection efficiency, slower detection speed, higher
false detection rate, and stronger subjective
consciousness influence of human detection.
So far, many scholars throughout the world have
proposed lots of methods in defect detection. Most
popular classification of these methods is divided into
four categories, namely statistical approaches, structural
approaches, filter-based methods, and model-based
approaches (Xie, 2008). Statistical approaches are used
to achieve detect defect by extracting spatial information
of image gray scale. Such as the co-occurrence matrix
(Mokji & Abu Baker, 2007) that reflects the probability
of two gray appearing simultaneously in a certain space,
autocorrelation is an energy spectrum function which
could extract roughness and directionality. The operation
of structural approaches is mainly focused on the
analysis of image texture primitive. Filter-based methods
have been extensively applied because of their better
performance. Gabor filter has been used to detect defects
on texture materials (Kumar & Pang, 2002), Chan &
Pang, (2000) used Fourier transform (FT) in fabric
defect detection and Yang, Pang, and Yung (2005) used
multiple adaptive wavelets to detect and classify defects
in fabrics. Model-based approaches include random field,
synchronous autoregressive model. Except these
methods, there are also a number of algorithms to detect
defects such as the BP neural network and fuzzy control
and have been adopted to realize the fabric defect
detection (Hung & Chen, 2001).
However, the use of single algorithm mentioned
above is unable to detect accurately for various flaws
appearing in defect detection process. In addition,
accuracy of fabric image test is affected by tested
fabric itself and image acquiring equipment. Lighting
equipment is the most influential factor which could
provide stable and consistent light to ensure that the
testing image have uniform gray, consistent
chromaticity. During the whole process, it is important
to reduce the impact of light as far as possible. Color
imaging system has been widely used in detection and
chromatic consistency plays an important role in fabric
quality. While using the above methods for testing, the

*Corresponding author. Email: jingjunfeng0718@sina.com

© 2015 The Textile Institute

1306 Junfeng Jing et al.

color image should be converted to grayscale image to Start

detect.
Traditional color imaging methods are more Image capture
concerned with the problem of image segmentation than
with problems arising in defect inspection in colored Input corresponding
Input flawless image
texture surfaces (Tsai, Lin, & Huang, 2005). Cheng, flaw image

Jiang, and Wang (2002) mentioned the kinds of

Color space Color space
segmentation algorithms as follows: histogram transform transform
thresholding, feature space clustering, region-based
approaches, edge detection, fuzzy approaches, neural Get optimal Gabor filter Filtering flawless image with the optimal
parameters by genetic Gabor
networks, and physics-based approaches. A neurofuzzy algorithm filter which designed by these parameters
color image segmentation method has been proposed for
wood surface defect detection (Ruz, Estévez, & Perez, Defect
2005). segmentation

Human is capable of seizing the main color while

Output result
observing images by eyes. Without subjective human image
intelligence, the extraction of color feature of the
automatic computer detection system as main color is End
necessary. The quantitative methods of RGB channels
could be used to extract color features (Jain &
Vailaya, 1996). The development of SaFe system is Figure 1. Fabric defect detection based on CIE L*a*b* color
space with 2-D optimal Gabor filter using genetic algorithm.
adopted to divide HSV space into 166 color areas
(Smith, 1997). In this paper, the method based on the
CIE L*a*b* color space is proposed to detect various Defect detection
colorful fabric defects. Majority of color spaces are Color space transformation
derived from the RGB color space. Firstly,
Different color spaces are suitable for different
corresponding coordinates of RGB in XYZ space and
situations. Most color spaces can be transformed from
coefficients matrix are used to change RGB into XYZ
RGB color space. RGB and CMYK color space are both
color space. Secondly, CIE L*a*b* is derived from the
hybrids of three primary colors. They are more applied
XYZ space directly. Thirdly, characteristics including
to television and computer display systems rather than
L*, a*, and b* could be obtained. A fabric defect
human perception. Meanwhile, color images stored by
detection method which used multi-angle and multi-
RGB format which is uneven and it is difficult to assess
directional Gabor filter with not only a single feature
the similarity of two colors from their distance in RGB
has been proposed (Escofet, Navarro, & Milla’n,
color space (Johnson, Song, Montag & Fairchild, 2010).
1998). Nevertheless, the high-computation of that
CIE L*a*b* color space is recommended by CIE, which
method is inadaptable to solve problem in this article.
has standardized color space and can better reflect the
In order to build an optimal filter, only the color
color difference of objects (Li, Wang, & Jing, 2014).
information with the form of complex number would
The LUV, YUV, and YIQ color space are used as one of
be used to construct 2-D Gabor filter. In this way,
the features to represent non-color perception and other
two-color information of flawless color image could be
two components indicate color information. Whereas
used simultaneously in a single Gabor filter. Merely,
these three spaces are originated in compressing
the real part of optimal filter is used to convolute with
broadcast color television picture by compressing
defect image to simplify the filtering operation.
chrominance information during the development of
Genetic algorithm is used to select the main
radio and television. Three features of CIE L*a*b* are
parameters of Gabor filter including center frequency,
L* which represents black or white, respectively, when it
bandwidth, and direction. In the end, threshold
equals to 0 or 1, a* which indicates green or magenta
segmentation is applied to get the final binary image.
while it is negative value or positive value, and b*
Many threshold selection methods have been proposed.
which is similar as a* indicates blue or yellow of two
For example, the threshold segmentation algorithm
kinds of values. Therefore, the CIE XYZ and CIE
based on 2-D histogram θ–division and maximum
L*a*b* color spaces are adopted in this paper for their
between-cluster deviation criterion has been used (Wu
device-independent ability.
& Zhang, 2010). In this paper, the sliding threshold
The value of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) are all
method with global characteristics is adopted. The
set to 1 when defining the coordinate of white light spot
proposed algorithm is shown in Figure 1.
n in the process of RGB color space changing into CIE
 The Journal of The Textile Institute 1307
0 1 0 1
XYZ space. The formulation of this conversion a11 a12 a13 0:64 0:33 0:03
relationship is as follows: @ a21 a22 a23 A ¼ @ 0:30 0:60 0:10 A: (8)
0 1 0 1 0 1 a31 a32 a33 0:15 0:06 0:79
Xn cr  a11 cg  a12 cb  a13 R
@ Yn A ¼ @ cr  a21 cg  a22 cb  a23 A  @ G A The conversion relationship also can be obtained in this
Zn 0 cr  a31 cg  a1 cb  a133
32 0 B condition with previous description:
a11 a12 a13 cr 0 1 0 1
X 0:412453 0:357580 0:180423
¼ @ a21 a22 a23 A  @ cg A: @ Y A ¼ @ 0:212671 0:715160 0:072169 A
a31 a32 a33 cb
Z 00:019334
1 0:119193 0:950227
(1) R
Parameter aij (i = 1, 2, 3; j = 1, 2, 3) and ci (i = r, g, b) in  @ G A: (9)
matrix above are scale factors. The Xn, Yn, and Zn are B
the tristimulus values of reference white in CIE CIE L*a*b* is derived directly from the CIE XYZ
chromaticity coordinates. So some definitions of space, Xn, Yn, and Zn can be expressed as (255, 255,
formulation (1) are shown below: 255) in an 8-bit display system. Lighting information L*,
Yn ¼ 1; (2) color information a* and b* can be obtained from the
above, given by:
z n ¼ 1  xn  yn ; (3) 
 1=3
L ¼ 166 ðY=Y 
nÞ  16 if Y=Yn [ 0:008856
Yn 903:3 ðY=Yn Þ if Y=Yn  0:008856;
X n ¼ xn  ¼ xn =yn ; (4) (10)
yn

Yn a ¼ 500 ðf ðX=Xn Þ  f ðY=Yn ÞÞ;

Zn ¼ zn  ¼ zn =yn :
yn
Different coefficient matrices could be obtained by
distinct standards. First, ITU-R BT.601 standard, in
which a standard illuminant that CIE defined as a light
source C (illuminant C) is used, the ordinary daylight is
simulated by making tungsten light source through the
foil. Under this standard, color temperature is 6774 K
and wavelength is from 380 to 770 nm. In addition,
white color coordinate (xn, yn) in the CIE XYZ
chromaticity diagram are (0.310063, 0.316158). The
values of the parameter aij are:
0 1 0 1 usually with the TV level applied to standard definition
a11 a12 a13 0:67 0:33 0:00
@ a21 a22 a23 A ¼ @ 0:21 0:71 0:08 A: (6)
a31 a32 a33 0:14 0:08 0:78
From a priori knowledge, parameter ci can be calculated.
The final conversion relationship could be achieved as
follows:
0 1 0 1 and non-motif image. Moreover, various texture clarities
X 0:606881 0:173505 0:200336
@ Y A ¼ @ 0:298912 0:586611 0:114478 A
Z 0:000000
0 1 0:066097 1:116157
R
 @ G A: (7)
B Gabor filter design
Second, the ITU-R BT.709 is a generally applicable
standard, in which Standard illuminant D65 is used. The
correlated color temperature is 6504K. Besides, white
color coordinate (xn, yn) are (0.312713, 0.329016). The
value of the parameter aij is as follows:
(5) b ¼ 200 ðf ðY=Yn Þ  f ðZ=Zn ÞÞ:
(11)
with

t 1=3 if t [ 0:008856
f ðtÞ ¼ (12)
7:787t þ 16=116 if t  0:008856
ITU-R BT.601 standard was proposed in 1982 for the
development of digital color video standard. It specifies
the conversion relationship between color spaces and the
sample frequency while color video is converted into
digital images. BT.709 was founded in 1990, which
differs from BT.601 in the sample frequency. BT.601 is
video. Nevertheless, BT.709 is often with PC level
cooperation for high-definition video to display a wilder
color space. For the advantage of wilder color space, the
second standard was utilized in this article to change the
color space.
Conversion results are different between motif image
of fabric weaves lead to diverse results. Comparing with
image graying, color space conversion has more obvious
features.
Gabor function is a special case of the short-time FT.
The window function used in Gabor function is
Gaussian function which has invariance characteristics
during FT and synchronization of time–frequency
information (Kula, Tunak, & Linka, 2010). The
1308 Junfeng Jing et al.

advantages of Gabor filter including adjustable angle and

axis, variable center frequency and bandwidth, and the
simultaneous optimization in frequency space and
domain (Kumar, 2008). The impulse response of 2-D
Gabor filter can be regarded as a sine wave multiplied
by a Gaussian function. The FT of Gabor filter impulse
response is convolution between the FT of harmonic
function and theft of Gaussian function. Gabor
transformation of image after gray scale is processed
according with the following equation:
Gðx; yÞ ¼ gðr; h; f Þ ðx; yÞ
(13)
exp½ 12 ðru2 þ rv 2 Þ cosð2p fuÞ;
2 2

u v

with
u ¼ ðx  t1 Þ cos h þ ðy  t2 Þ sin h; (14)
Figure 3. The imaginary part of a basic Gabor function.
 
v ¼ ðx  t1 Þ sin h þ ðy  t2 Þ cos h; (15)
" #
1 x2 y2
gðr; h; f Þ ðx; yÞ ¼  exp  2  2 : (16)
2pr2 2rx 2ry

With the range from 0° to 360°, θ is the direction of

Gabor filter just the same as the direction of Gabor
function parallel stripes. t1 and t2 are conversion factors
along x-axis and y-axis, respectively. Then convert x-axis
into u which is parallel to θ-axis and y-axis into v-axis
which is perpendicular to θ-axis. σu is the standard
deviation while Gaussian enveloping in u-axis. The same
as σu, σv is calculated from v-axis. Practice (Yang, Liu,
Jiang & Fan, 2003) has been proved that Gabor function
can be used as a low-pass filter to remove high-
frequency components from fabric images. The real part
of Gabor filter is displayed in Figure 2. The imaginary
part and frequency domain responses of 2-D Gabor filter Figure 4. Frequency domain responses of a basic Gabor
are shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. function.

After the color space conversion, both a* and b*

color characteristics can be acquired. Each color
characteristic is expressed as a 2-D matrix. The use of
Equation (13) exclusively causes information loss
without achieving better filtering effects. Therefore,
constructing Gabor filter with a complex formulation is
better. Given by:
Gðx; yÞ ¼ gr ðx; yÞ þ jgi ðx; yÞ; (17)
where

gr ðx; yÞ ¼ exp½ 12 ðru2 þ rv 2 Þ

2 2

u v (18)
ðcosð2 pi f  ðx cos h þ y sin hÞÞÞ;

gi ðx; yÞ ¼ exp½ 12 ðru2 þ rv 2 Þ

2 2

u v (19)
ðsinð2 pi f  ðx cos h þ y sin hÞÞÞ:
Figure 2. The real part of a basic Gabor function.
 The Journal of The Textile Institute
Generally, various center frequency and bandwidth are
extracted from different textures of fabric. Textures are
constantly changing while processing image. Hence,
finding the optimal parameters of Gabor filter is
particularly important. Presetting the center frequency
and bandwidth has blindness and low efficiency. To
achieve tunable parameters of Gabor filter, genetic
algorithm is adopted in this paper to find optimal
parameters.
Genetic algorithm is a search heuristic that mimics
biological evolution mechanism. It regards excellent
individuals as paternal individual who leave
chromosomes and genes to posterities then reach
recombination. Genetic algorithm usually starts from a
population of randomly generated individuals which are
represented in binary as strings of 0s and 1s. It is
designed without the limitation of prior knowledge. Then
the fitness of populations in each generation is
calculated. The fitness is got from objective function.
Finally, the optimal solution can be obtained by
approaching to fitness through selection, crossover, and
mutation until reach termination criteria. Genetic
algorithm is a global optimization method that searches
parallel along multiple routes (Li, Xie, & Yi, 2005).
Genetic algorithm has four steps as follows:
(1) Initialization: Initial population (Jin, Yang, &
Ding, 2001) is composed of a binary string with
the length match to the required parameters of
Gabor filter. The first generation is constructed
by those random chromosomes or genes.
(2) Assessment of fitness: According to the actual
requirements of this paper, the fitness cE is
calculated as follows:
cE ¼ c2r þ c2i ;
among
X
k X
k


Cr ¼ f½a ðx þ l; y þ mÞ gr ðl; mÞ
l¼k m¼k
½b ðx þ l; y þ mÞ gi ðl; mÞg;
X
k X
k parts, pc: 0.6
Ci ¼ f½a ðx þ l; y þ mÞ gi ðl; mÞ
l¼k m¼k
þ½b ðx þ l; y þ mÞ gr ðl; mÞg:

(3) Genetic manipulation: Three basic operators
including selection, crossover, and mutation will
be started when individuals in groups in
accordance with fitness in step 2. Tendency to
1309
the optimal solution of groups is random. It is
also influenced by encoding method and fitness
function. Selection is the procedure to select the
individuals which are processed with the high
fitness among initial or new populations. Then,
crossover is exchanging parts of two father
individuals according to probability of crossover
(pc). In this article, pc equals to 0.6. Next,
mutation is changing some bits of each
individual to produce new individual follow the
probability of mutation (pm). In this study, pm is
0.1. Namely exchange 1 to 0 or 0 to 1 (Yang &
Jiang, 2001). Crossover has global search
capability and mutation operator has local search
capability. The coordination of these parameters
can accelerate the convergence of the optimal
solution.
(4) Termination: This generational process is
repeated step 2 and 3 until the termination
criteria are reached. Such as when the fitness of
the best individual gets to a given threshold, or
the number of iterations reaches to a preset
value.
The optimal individuals through genetic algorithm are
expressed as a set of binary string. Parameters for the
final design of Gabor filter can be acquired through
transcoding this binary string into decimal vector.
Algorithm flow chart is shown in Figure 5.
Flaw image Id is filtered by the Gabor filter which is
constructed by a flawless image. A simplified
Start
Determinate parameters and initialize
(20) population,
population size: 40; string length: 70
Selection: choose the superior
individuals in the group and eliminate
Calculate objective function for the
whole population
the inferior individuals
ð21Þ
Crossover: two father individual
according the pc to exchange some
ð22Þ Mutation: one bite of chromosome No
changing with the pm to produce If the population achieve the termination
new individual, pm= 0.1 criteria
Yes
End
Figure 5. Flow chart of genetic algorithm.
1310 Junfeng Jing et al.

Table 1. Fabric detection rate.

Non-patterned colorful fabrics Patterned colorful fabrics

Detection results Hole Scratch Stain Thrum Hole Scratch Stain Thrum
Overall detection 10/10 10/10 10/10 10/10 8/8 8/8 8/8 8/8
100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
True detection 10/10 10/10 9/10 10/10 8/8 7/8 7/8 8/8
100% 100% 90% 100% 100% 87.5% 87.5% 100%
False detection 0/10 0/10 1/10 0/10 0/8 1/8 1/8 0/8
0% 0% 10% 0% 0% 12.5% 12.5% 0%

N N
a defect-fre defective filtered binary a defect-fre defective filtered binary
m e image image image image m e image image image image
e e

a i

b j

c k

d l

e m

f n

g o

h p

Figure 6. The images: (a) and (b) are holes; (c) and (d) are
scratches; (e) and (f) are stains; (g) and (h) are thrums. Each
column indicates the name of image, defect-free image,
defective image, filtered image, and binary image, respectively.
convolution formula expressed as Equation (22) could be
employed to filter images, but only the real part of
Gabor function is adopted.
Figure 7. The images: (i) and (j) are holes; (k) and (l) are
scratches; (m) and (n) are stains; (o) and (p) are thrums.
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
Im ðx; yÞ ¼ ½Gr ðx; yÞ Id ðx; yÞ2 : (23)
Gr denotes the real part of Gabor function. Median
filtering is combined to eliminate various noises after
convolution of Gr and Id.
 The Journal of The Textile Institute
Threshold segmentation in filtered images
General methods for threshold segmentation have been
proposed including simple threshold method, Otsu
method (Yang, 2003), and Bernsen method which is an
adaptive method of dynamic threshold selection.
Main steps of threshold segmentation are determining
a threshold, comparing pixel value of the target picture
with the threshold value, and classifying pixels into the
defects and the background.
Selection of best threshold is crucial for the final test
results. The threshold should separate the target and
background as clear as possible and save the original
information as much as possible.
General statistical histogram method is based on the
use of the whole image gray features with large
calculation. The threshold segmentation method in this
paper is divided into following steps:
(1) L is the gradation level of the flawless image A.
N is the number of pixels of A. Amax is the
maximum pixel value and Amin is the minimum
pixel value of A. Tf is the initial threshold value.
Whole image region is divided by Tf. Calculate
the average gray degree of G1 and G2,
respectively, to generate a new threshold value
Tf1.
Tf ¼ ðAmax þ Amin Þ=2;
Tf 1 ¼ ðg1 þ g2 Þ=2:
Repeat this iteration until the deviation of two
adjacent values is within the setting range, then calculate
the final threshold value Te.
(2) Dividing result of flaw image B is shown in the
following formulation:
1311

255 if Bðx; yÞ  Te
outðx; yÞ ¼ : (26)
0 if Bðx; yÞ [ Te
Due to different textures, quality of image and accuracy
of threshold selection, the noises will exist after image
segmentation. In this paper, watershed segmentation
method is used to eliminate noise (Maiti, Desai, & Ray,
2000).
Experimental results
Experimental samples in this paper including 144
colorful images with 72 flawless images and 72
corresponding defective images. All 72 images are
divided into two kinds of patterned and non-patterned.
Non-patterned images are classified into four types: hole,
scratch, stain, thrum, each type including 10 images.
Patterned images are classified as the same way, but
each type consists of eight images. Overall detection is
summation of true detection and false detection. True
detection is the white area of final binary image matches
with the defective area. False detection is the white area
of final binary image differs from the defect in that
defective image. During non-patterned image detecting,
holes, scratches, and thrums can be accurately detected.
Whereas the stains close to background, detection will
be influenced after color space transformation. When
detecting patterned color fabric, holes and thrums have
(24) been calculated with a higher detection rate. There are
some false detection of scratches and stains for their
(25) similar texture structure with background. Experiment
results indicate that the combination of CIE L*a*b*
color space transformation and optimal 2-D Gabor filter
has a high detective accuracy rate. The fabric detection
rate is demonstrated in Table 1.
Parts of consequences of non-patterned images are
shown in Figure 6 including defect-free images,
defective images, filtered images, and binary images.

Table 2. Parameters of Gabor filters of all images in Figure 4 σu = 1, k = 2.

Images name σv t1 t2 f θ
a 1.3891 172.8250 117.3998 14.9041 2.6953
b, c, and g 1.5057 138.9052 145.9759 9.8242 2.8226
d 1.2395 120.2346 182.6002 8.9410 2.7050
e 1.8348 181.4272 137.1457 7.7569 2.8324
f 1.8043 139.1984 152.0039 10.8022 3.0054
h 1.7849 135.7771 145.7221 12.6415 2.8207
i 1.8778 129.2278 150.7331 11.4007 2.6226
j and m 1.6256 118.8661 111.1437 8.4958 2.6502
k 1.3148 165.6891 180.5474 14.7217 3.0008
l 1.4018 121.8964 160.3128 10.0723 2.7101
n 1.1574 176.9306 162.6588 14.4443 3.1319
o 1.3040 132.9423 107.6246 8.9045 2.8673
p 1.2581 175.8553 190.6158 10.0139 2.8340
1312 Junfeng Jing et al.
The types of defects are holes, scratches, stains, and
thrums.
Detection results of patterned images with the same
type defects as non-patterned images exhibits in
Figure 7. First column is the name of image. Second
column consisted with defective-free images. Third
column indicates the corresponding defective image.
Fourth column shows the image which has been filtered.
Fifth column is the final binary image.
When using genetic algorithm to select the optimal
parameters of Gabor filter, the samples are flawless
images. The parameters are selected until Equation (20)
in the minimum value. Flaw image will be filtered after
the Gabor filters have been constructed. Table 2 given
below shows the Gabor filter parameters of above-
described image corresponds to Figures 6 and 7.
Conclusion
The method aimed to color space is proposed in this
article to detect fabric defects. This algorithm does not
have any limitation with gray-level images and
illumination. Pixels features a* and b* are extracted
from CIE L*a*b* color space which could decrease the
influence of lights and reflect different color objects.
Then, 2-D Gabor filter with better de-noising capability
and optimization local characteristics could be
constructed by these two features. Because that center
frequency, bandwidth, and direction of filter are difficult
to confirm, an effective way to search the optimal
parameters is genetic algorithm. Objective function cE
from Equation (20) is calculated from flawless image A.
Parameters selection will achieve termination criteria
until the initial population reduced to zero. Optimal filter
designed through flawless fabric image is used to filter
flaw image on which could segment the defective area
later. According to the obtained results, the proposed
theory for diverse colorful fabric defects detection is
accurate, effective and could satisfy the condition of
textile industry. Further work is needed to improve
threshold approach to make division more flexible.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Funding
This work was supported by the Scientific Research Program
Funded by Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number
61301276], Xi’an Polytechnic University Young Scholar
Backbone Supporting Plan, Discipline Construction Funds of
Xi’an Polytechnic University, Project supported by Xi’an
Polytechnic University Scientific Research Foundation for
doctors [grant number BS1416].
References
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