COURSE:

TANAUAN CITY AENG03 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC

COLLEGE CIRCUITS
Trapiche 1, Tanauan City, INSTRUCTOR CATEGORY RATING
Batangas Engr. Ralph Laurence Machine Experiment
G. Visaya No.1

Group 1: Last Group

Amosco, Avelino, Llagas, Malabanan, Nieras, Remigio

Machine Experiment No. 1

Understanding the Basic Concept of Diode and Diode Biasing

1. Connect the diode to the ohmmeter. Record the resistance reading.

RF = 0.549 V

2. Reverse the ohmmeter lei'. In the reverse bias connection, you may want to increase your ohmmeter range
setting. Record the reverse bias resistance reading.
RR = 1 V
 COURSE:
TANAUAN CITY AENG03 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC
COLLEGE CIRCUITS
Trapiche 1, Tanauan City, INSTRUCTOR CATEGORY RATING
Batangas Engr. Ralph Laurence Machine Experiment
G. Visaya No.1

Figure 1. Diode Circuit 1

Figure 1.1 Diode Circuit 1 in Multisim

Figure 1.2 Diode Circuit 1 in TinkerCad Figure 1.3 Diode Circuit 1 in Actual
Breadboard

Table 1. Record for the Voltage Output

IF Vo
0.25mA 0.05V
0.5mA 0.11V
1.0mA 0.22V
2.0mA 0.44
5.0mA 1.10V
10.0 mA JC 2.20V
20.0 mA JC 4.40V
30.0mA 6.60V
 COURSE:
TANAUAN CITY AENG03 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC
COLLEGE CIRCUITS
Trapiche 1, Tanauan City, INSTRUCTOR CATEGORY RATING
Batangas Engr. Ralph Laurence Machine Experiment
G. Visaya No.1
Multisim Simulations
 COURSE:
TANAUAN CITY AENG03 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC
COLLEGE CIRCUITS
Trapiche 1, Tanauan City, INSTRUCTOR CATEGORY RATING
Batangas Engr. Ralph Laurence Machine Experiment
G. Visaya No.1

Figure 2. Diode Circuit 2 Figure 2. Diode Circuit 2 in Multisim

Table 2. Record for the Voltage Output

Vo IR
1 .0 V 𝟒. 𝟓𝟓𝛍𝐀
2.5V 𝟏. 𝟏𝟒𝛍𝐀
5.0 V X 𝟐. 𝟐𝟕𝛍𝐀
10.0V X 𝟒. 𝟓𝟓𝛍𝐀
15.0V 𝟔. 𝟖𝟐𝛍𝐀
Solution

1.0V
I = = 4.55μA
220k ohms

2.5V
I = = 1.14μA
220k ohms

5.0V
I = = 2.27μA
220k ohms

10.0V
I = = 4.55μA
220k ohms

15.0V
I = = 6.82μA
220k ohms
 COURSE:
TANAUAN CITY AENG03 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC
COLLEGE CIRCUITS
Trapiche 1, Tanauan City, INSTRUCTOR CATEGORY RATING
Batangas Engr. Ralph Laurence Machine Experiment
G. Visaya No.1
6. Calculate the diode dynamic forward-bias resistance using the formula below and your data of Table
1. Use the data points x of 10.0 mA and 20.0 mA from your table. Record your calculated forward
resistance.

RF =

7. Calculate the diode reverse-biased resistance, using the formula below and your data from Table 5.2.
Use the x data points of 5.0 V and 10.0 V. Record your calculated value.

RR =

Plotting for Table 1 and Table 2

\
 COURSE:
TANAUAN CITY AENG03 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC
COLLEGE CIRCUITS
Trapiche 1, Tanauan City, INSTRUCTOR CATEGORY RATING
Batangas Engr. Ralph Laurence Machine Experiment
G. Visaya No.1
V. SIMULATION RESULTS

DISCUSSION

1. Describe how to determine the anode and cathode of a diode by using the diode test of the
DMM. Assume that the diode has no markings.

- Assuming that the diode has no markings, we can easily determine the anode and cathode of a
diode using the diode test of the Digital Multimeter. Firstly, the Multimeter needs to be set to
diode test mode. Secondly, put the test probes on each strand of the diode. The resistance
reading should show whether the diode is on forward or reverse bias. In the forward bias, the
positive probe (red) is connected on the anode of the diode and the negative probe (black) is
connected on the cathode of the diode. Furthermore, in this connection, the resistance reading
from the digital multimeter should show 0.5vV – 0.7V. While on the other hand, reverse bias
connection is the opposite connection of probes in the diode and the resistance reading should
read a constant 1 V. Using this method, it is easy to identify where the anode and cathode of
diode is basing on the resistance reading on the multimeter.

2. When forward-biased, at what diode voltage did you notice the diode begin to conduct?

- Based on our attempt to measure the diode voltage using the diode test of the digital
multimeter, the diode begin to conduct at 0.549 Voltage.

3. Did you observe any conduction while the diode was in the reverse-biased mode?

- Our group did not observe any conduction in the reverse-biased mode as the connection in the
reverse-biased mode is in the opposite polarity not allowing current to flow and conduct.

4. For a forward-biased diode, describe how the current is able to increase while the voltage
across the diode remains nearly constant.

- A diode starts out as a large resistance, as you apply voltage to it that resistance remains fairly
constant until you approach the forward breakdown voltage. At that point the resistance starts
to drop.
 COURSE:
TANAUAN CITY AENG03 – FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONIC
COLLEGE CIRCUITS
Trapiche 1, Tanauan City, INSTRUCTOR CATEGORY RATING
Batangas Engr. Ralph Laurence Machine Experiment
G. Visaya No.1

Quick Check
1. The typical reverse/forward resistance ratio of a silicon diode is 1000:1.

True

2. The diode has high resistance in the forward-biased mode.

True

1. One characteristic of a silicon diode is that as the current increases, the resistance
decreases.

True

4. A diode in reverse bias will conduct only at low current levels.

False

VI. CONCLUSION

- In conducting the Machine Experiment No. 1, our group ‘Group 1: Last Group’ was able to
learn diode testing using Digital Multimeter, utilizing the diode test analysys to determine the
cathode and anode of a diode assuming that a diode has no markings. Additionaly, the group
were able to experience different simulations methods such as; multisim simulations, tinkercad
simulation and hands on breadboarding simulation. The application of Kirchoff’s law of
voltage was also applied in this experiment and was applied by our group to determine the
Current(IR) given that the voltage was already given. Furthermore, the group was also able to
grasp the concept of forward and reverse-biased diode and understand the current flow and
voltage drop of a diode.