Ref. Title Page No.

6.1 Description 6-1

6.1.1 Summary 6-1
6.1.2 Definitions 6-1
6.1.3 Submittals 6-1
6.1.4 Quality Assurance 6-1
6.1.5 Delivery, Storage and Handling 6-2
6.1.6 Coordination 6-2

6.2 Materials 6-2

6.2.1 Structural-Steel Materials and Steel Railings 6-2
6.2.2 Bolts, Connectors and Anchors 6-2
6.2.3 Grout 6-3
6.2.4 Fabrication 6-3
6.2.5 Shop Connections 6-3
6.2.6 Source Quality Control 6-4

6.3 Construction Requirements 6-4

6.3.1 Examination 6-4
6.3.2 Preparation 6-4
6.3.3 Erection 6-4
6.3.4 Orthotropic-Deck Super Structure 6-4
6.3.5 Field Connections 6-5
6.3.6 Field Quality Control 6-5

6.4 Method of Measurement 6-5

6.5 Basis of Payments 6-6
6.6 Items in the Bill of Quantities 6-6

♦ 6-2 ♦
♦ 6-0 ♦
6.1 Description vii. Identify demand critical welds.
4 Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) and Procedure
6.1.1 Summary Qualification Records (PQRs): Provide details according to
1 This Section describes: AWS D1.1/D1.1M, ‘Structural Welding Code - Steel’ for each welded
joint qualified by testing, including the following:
i. Structural steel.
ii. Grout. i. Power source (constant current or constant voltage).
iii. Steel pipe and tube railings. ii. Electrode manufacturer and trade name, for demand
critical welds.
6.1.2 Definitions 5 Qualification Data: Submit details for qualified Installer,
1 Structural Steel: Elements of structural-steel frame, as fabricator, professional engineer, and testing agency.
classified by AISC 303, ‘Code of Standard Practice for Steel 6 Welding certificates.
Buildings and Bridges.’ 7 Paint Compatibility Certificates: Submit certificates from
2 Seismic-Load-Resisting System (SLRS): Elements of manufacturers of topcoats applied over shop primers, certifying that
structural-steel frame shown on the Drawings, designated as ‘SLRS’ shop primers are compatible with topcoats.
or along grid lines designated as "SLRS" on Drawings, including 8 Mill test reports for structural steel, including chemical and
columns, beams, and braces and their connections. physical properties.
3 Heavy Sections: Rolled and built-up sections as follows: 9 Product Test Reports: Submit reports for the following:
i. Shapes included in ASTM A 6/A 6M with flanges thicker i. Bolts, nuts and washers including mechanical properties
than 38 mm. and chemical analysis.
ii. Welded built-up members with plates thicker than 50 mm. ii. Direct-tension indicators.
iii. Column base plates thicker than 50 mm. iii. Tension-control, high-strength bolt-nut-washer assemblies.
4 Protected Zone: Structural members or portions of structural iv. Shear stud connectors.
members indicated as ‘Protected Zone’ on Drawings. Connections of v. Shop primers.
structural and nonstructural elements to protected zones are limited. vi. Non-shrink grout.
5 Demand Critical Welds: Those welds, the failure of which 10 Source quality-control reports.
would result in significant degradation of the strength and stiffness of
the Seismic-Load-Resisting System and which are indicated as 6.1.4 Quality Assurance
‘Demand Critical’ or ‘Seismic Critical’ on Drawings. 1 Fabricator Qualifications: A qualified fabricator who
participates in the AISC Quality Certification Program and is
6.1.3 Submittals designated an AISC-Certified Plant or approved by the Engineer.
1 Product Data: Submit data for each type of product specified or 2 Installer Qualifications: A qualified installer who participates
shown on the Drawings or as directed by the Engineer. in the AISC Quality Certification Program and is designated an AISC-
2 LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Certified Erector, Category ACSE or approved by the Engineer.
Design) :Submit the following as directed by the Engineer 3 Shop-Painting Applicators: Qualified according to AISC's
i. Product data for Credit MR 4.1 and Credit MR 4.2. For Sophisticated Paint Endorsement P1 or SSPC-QP 3, "Standard
products having recycled content, include documentation Procedure for Evaluating Qualifications of Shop Painting Applicators’
indicating percentages by weight of post-consumer and or approved by the Engineer.
pre-consumer recycled content and a statement indicating 4 Welding Qualifications: Welding procedures and personnel
costs for each product having recycled content. shall be qualified according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M, ‘Structural
3 Shop Drawings: Submit shop drawings as required by the Welding Code - Steel".
specification and directed by the Engineer to show fabrication of i. Welders and welding operators performing work on
structural-steel components. bottom-flange, demand-critical welds shall pass the
i. Include details of cuts, connections, splices, camber, holes, supplemental welder qualification testing, as required by
and other pertinent data. AWS D1.8 or shall be approved by the Client Authority.
ii. Include embedment drawings. FCAW-S and FCAW-G shall be considered separate
iii. Indicate welds by standard AWS symbols, distinguishing processes for welding personnel qualification.
between shop and field welds, and show size, length, and 5 Comply with applicable provisions of the following
type of each weld. Show backing bars that are to be specifications and documents:
removed and supplemental fillet welds where backing bars i. AISC 303.
are to remain. ii. AISC 341 and AISC 341s1.
iv. Indicate type, size and length of bolts, distinguishing iii. AISC 360.
between shop and field bolts. Identify pre-tensioned and iv. RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints Using
slip-critical high-strength bolted connections. ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts."
v. Identify members and connections of the seismic-load-
6 Pre-installation Conference: Conduct conference at Site.
resisting system.
vi. Indicate locations and dimensions of protected zones. 7 Source Limitations: Obtain each type of railing or similar
product from single source, from single manufacturer.

6-1

6.1.5 Delivery, Storage and Handling
1 Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and
identification. Keep steel members off ground and spaced by using
pallets, dunnage, or other supports and spacers. Protect steel members
and packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration.
i. Do not store materials on a structure in a manner that might
cause distortion, damage, or overload to members or
supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged
materials or structures as directed.
2 Store fasteners in a protected place in sealed containers with
manufacturer's labels intact.
i. Fasteners may be repackaged only with the Engineer’s
approval and under his supervision.
ii. Clean and re-lubricate bolts and nuts that become dry or
rusty before use.
iii. Comply with manufacturers' written recommendations for
cleaning and lubricating ASTM F 1852 fasteners and for
retesting fasteners after lubrication.
6.1.6 Coordination
1 Coordinate selection of shop primers with topcoats to be applied
over them. Comply with paint and coating manufacturers'
recommendations to ensure that shop primers and topcoats are
compatible with one another.
2 Coordinate installation of anchorage items to be embedded in or
attached to other construction so as not to delay the work. Provide
setting diagrams, sheet metal templates, instructions, and directions
for installation.
8 Steel Pipe shall comply with ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type E or S,
Grade B.
i. Weight Class: Standard.
ii. Finish: Black except where indicated to be galvanized.
9 Steel castings shall comply with ASTM A 216/A 216M, Grade
WCB with supplementary requirement S11.
10 Steel Forgings shall comply with ASTM A 668/A 668M.
11 Welding Electrodes shall comply with AWS requirements.
12 Woven-wire mesh shall be intermediate-crimp, diamond or
square pattern, 50-mm woven-wire mesh, made from 3.5-mm nominal
diameter wire complying with ASTM A 510M.
6.2.2 Bolts, Connectors and Anchors
1 High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A 325
(ASTM A 325M), Type 1, heavy-hex steel structural bolts;
ASTM A 563, Grade C, (ASTM A 563M, Class 8S) heavy-hex
carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1,
hardened carbon-steel washers; all with plain finish.
i. Direct-Tension Indicators: ASTM F 959, Type 325
(ASTM F 959M, Type 8.8), compressible-washer type
with plain finish.
High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: ASTM A 490
(ASTM A 490M), Type 1, heavy-hex steel structural bolts;
ASTM A 563, Grade DH, (ASTM A 563M, Class 10S) heavy-hex
carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1,
hardened carbon-steel washers with plain finish.
i. Direct-Tension Indicators: ASTM F 959, Type 490
(ASTM F 959M, Type 10.9), compressible-washer type
with plain finish.

6.2 Materials 2 Zinc-Coated High-Strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers:

ASTM A 325 (ASTM A 325M), Type 1, heavy-hex steel structural
6.2.1 Structural-Steel Materials and Steel bolts; ASTM A 563, Grade DH (ASTM A 563M, Class 10S) heavy-
Railings hex carbon-steel nuts; and ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1,
hardened carbon-steel washers.
1 Recycled Content of Steel Products: Provide products with an
i. Finish: Hot-dip or mechanically deposited zinc coating.
average recycled content so that the post-consumer recycled content
ii. Direct-Tension Indicators: ASTM F 959, Type 325
plus one-half of pre-consumer recycled content is not less than 25
(ASTM F 959M, Type 8.8), compressible-washer type
percent.
with mechanically deposited zinc coating
2 W-Shapes shall comply, as appropriate, with
3 Tension-Control, High-Strength Bolt-Nut-Washer Assemblies:
ASTM A 992/A 992, ASTM A 572/A 572M Grade 5
ASTM F 1852, Type 1, heavy-hex head assemblies consisting of steel
ASTM A 529/A 529M Grade 50, and ASTM A 913/ A 913M,
structural bolts with splined ends, heavy-hex carbon-steel nuts, and
Grade 50.
hardened carbon-steel washers.
3 Channels, angles , M shapes and , S-shapes shall comply, as
i. Finish: Mechanically deposited zinc coating.
appropriate, with ASTM A 36/A 36M, ASTM A 572/A 572M
Grade 50, ASTM A 529/A 529M Grade 50 and 4 Shear Connectors: ASTM A 108, Grades 1015 through 1020,
ASTM A 913/A 913M Grade 50. headed-stud type, cold-finished carbon steel; AWS D1.1/D1.1M,
Type B.
4 Plate and bar shall comply, as appropriate with
ASTM A 36/A 36M, ASTM A 572/A 572M Grade 50, and 5 Unheaded Anchor Rods: ASTM F 1554, Grade 36 or
ASTM A 529/A 529M Grade 50. ASTM F 1554, Grade 55, weldable
i. Configuration: Hooked.
5 Corrosion-resisting low-alloy structural-steel shapes, plates,
ii. Nuts: ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy-hex carbon
and bars shall comply with ASTM A 588/A 588M, Grade 50.
steel.
6 Cold-formed hollow structural sections shall comply with iii. Plate Washers: ASTM A 36/A 36M carbon steel.
ASTM A 500, Grade B or C, structural tubing. iv. Washers: ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1,
7 Corrosion-resisting cold-formed hollow structural sections shall hardened carbon steel.
comply with ASTM A 847/A 847M, structural tubing. v. Finish: Hot-dip zinc coating, ASTM A 153/A 153M,
Class C.

6-2
6 Headed Anchor Rods: [ASTM F 1554, Grade 36] 6.2.4 Fabrication
[ASTM F 1554, Grade 55, weldable] [ASTM A 354] [ASTM A 449], 1 Structural Steel: Fabricate and assemble in shop to greatest
straight. extent possible. Fabricate according to AISC's "Code of Standard
i. Nuts: ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy-hex carbon Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges" and AISC 360.
steel. i. Camber structural-steel members where indicated.
ii. Plate Washers: ASTM A 36/A 36M carbon steel. ii. Fabricate beams with rolling camber up.
iii. Washers: ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1, iii. Identify high-strength structural steel according to
hardened carbon steel. ASTM A 6/A 6M and maintain markings until structural
iv. Finish: Hot-dip zinc coating, ASTM A 153/A 153M, Class steel has been erected.
C. iv. Mark and match-mark materials for field assembly.
7 Threaded Rods: ASTM A 36/A 36M and A 572/A 572M, v. Complete structural-steel assemblies, including welding of
Grade 50 (345). units, before starting shop-priming operations.
i. Nuts: ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy-hex carbon 2 Thermal Cutting: Perform thermal cutting by machine to
steel. greatest extent possible
ii. Washers: [ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1, i. Plane thermally cut edges to be welded to comply with
hardened]. requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
iii. Finish: Hot-dip zinc coating, ASTM A 153/A 153M, 3 Bolt Holes: Cut, drill, or punch standard bolt holes
Class C. perpendicular to metal surfaces.
8 Clevises and Turnbuckles: Made from cold-finished carbon 4 Finishing: Accurately finish ends of columns and other
steel bars, ASTM A 108, Grade 1035. members transmitting bearing loads.
9 Eye Bolts and Nuts: Made from cold-finished carbon steel bars, 5 Cleaning: Clean and prepare steel surfaces that are to remain
ASTM A 108, Grade 1030. unpainted according to SSPC-SP 3, "Power Tool Cleaning"
10 Sleeve Nuts: Made from cold-finished carbon steel bars, 6 Shear Connectors: Prepare steel surfaces as recommended by
ASTM A 108, Grade 1018. manufacturer of shear connectors. Use automatic end welding of
11 Structural Slide Bearings: Low-friction assemblies, of headed-stud shear connectors according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M and
configuration indicated, that provide vertical transfer of loads and manufacturer's written instructions.
allow horizontal movement perpendicular to plane of expansion joint 7 Holes: Form holes required for securing other work to structural
while resisting movement within plane of expansion joint. steel and for other work to pass through steel framing members.
i. Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with work i. Cut, drill, or punch holes perpendicular to steel surfaces.
requirements. Do not thermally cut bolt holes or enlarge holes by burning.
ii. Basis-of-Design Product: Subject to compliance with ii. Base plate holes: Cut, drill, mechanically thermal cut, or
requirements, provide product indicated on Drawings or punch holes perpendicular to steel surfaces.
comparable product. iii. Weld threaded nuts to framing and other specialty items
iii. Mating Surfaces: PTFE and mirror-finished stainless steel. indicated to receive other work.
iv. Coefficient of Friction: Not more than 0.03.
8 Steel pipe and tube railings:
v. Design Load: Not less than 41 MPa.
i. Fabricate connections that will be exposed to weather in a
vi. Total Movement Capability: 50 mm.
manner to exclude water. Provide weep holes where water
12 Fasteners for Interconnecting Railing Components: may accumulate.
i. Provide concealed fasteners for interconnecting railing ii. Connections: Fabricate railings with either welded or non-
components and for attaching them to other work, unless welded connections unless otherwise indicated.
otherwise indicated. iii. Connect members with concealed mechanical fasteners
ii. Provide concealed fasteners for interconnecting railing and fittings.
components and for attaching them to other work, unless iv. Form changes in direction by bends of radius indicated or
exposed fasteners are unavoidable or are the standard by inserting prefabricated elbow fittings of radius indicated.
fastening method for railings indicated. v. Close exposed ends of railing members with prefabricated
iii. Provide square or hex socket flat-head machine screws for end fittings.
exposed fasteners unless otherwise indicated.
9 Provide inserts and other anchorage devices for connecting
railings to concrete or masonry work. Fabricate anchorage devices
6.2.3 Grout capable of withstanding loads imposed by railings. Coordinate
1 Metallic, Shrinkage-Resistant Grout: ASTM C 1107, factory- anchorage devices with supporting structure.Galvanization: The
packaged, metallic aggregate grout, mixed with water to consistency minimum average thickness of coating for all galvanized specimens
suitable for application and a 30-minute working time. shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A 123/A 123M.
2 Non-metallic, Shrinkage-Resistant Grout: ASTM C 1107,
factory-packaged, nonmetallic aggregate grout, noncorrosive and non- 6.2.5 Shop Connections
staining, mixed with water to consistency suitable for application and i. High-Strength Bolts: Shop install high-strength bolts
a 30-minute working time. according to RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints

6-3
 Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and
type of joint specified. Joint Type: Slip critical.
1 Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1/D1.1M and
AWS D1.8/D1.8M for tolerances, appearances, welding procedure
specifications, weld quality, and methods used in correcting welding
work.
i. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will
maintain true alignment of axes without exceeding
tolerances in AISC 303 for mill material.
6.2.6 Source Quality Control
1 Testing Agency: The Employer may engage an independent
testing and inspecting agency to perform shop tests and inspections
and prepare test reports.
i. Provide testing agency with access to places where
structural-steel work is being fabricated or produced to
perform tests and inspections.
2 Correct deficiencies in work that test reports and inspections
indicate does not comply with the Specification or Drawings.
3 Bolted Connections: Shop-bolted connections will be tested
and inspected according to RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints
Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts."
4 Welded Connections: In addition to visual inspection, shop-
welded connections will be tested and inspected according to
AWS D1.1/D1.1M and the following inspection procedures, at testing
agency's option:
i. Liquid Penetrant Inspection: ASTM E 165.
ii. Magnetic Particle Inspection: ASTM E 709; performed on
root pass and on finished weld. Cracks or zones of
incomplete fusion or penetration will not be accepted.
iii. Ultrasonic Inspection: ASTM E 164.
iv. Radiographic Inspection: ASTM E 94.
5 In addition to visual inspection, shop-welded shear connectors
will be tested and inspected according to requirements in
AWS D1.1/D1.1M for stud welding and as follows:
i. Bend tests will be performed if visual inspections reveal
either a less-than-continuous 360-degree flash or welding
repairs to any shear connector.
ii. Tests will be conducted on additional shear connectors if
weld fracture occurs on shear connectors already tested,
according to requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
6.3 Construction Requirements
6.3.1 Examination
1 Verify, with steel erector present, elevations of concrete- and
masonry-bearing surfaces and locations of anchor rods, bearing plates,
and other embedments for compliance with requirements.
i. Prepare a certified survey of bearing surfaces, anchor rods,
bearing plates, and other embedment, showing dimensions,
locations, angles, and elevations.
2 Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions
have been corrected.
6.3.2 Preparation
1 Provide temporary shores, guys, braces, and other supports
during erection to keep structural steel secure, plumb, and in alignment
6-4
against temporary construction loads and loads equal in intensity to
design loads. Remove temporary supports when permanent structural
steel, connections, and bracing are in place unless otherwise indicated.
i. Do not remove temporary shoring supporting composite
deck construction until cast-in-place concrete has attained
its design compressive strength.
6.3.3 Erection
1 Set structural steel accurately in locations and to elevations
indicated and according to AISC 303 and AISC 360.
2 Base Bearing and Leveling Plates: Clean concrete- and
masonry-bearing surfaces of bond-reducing materials, and roughen
surfaces prior to setting plates. Clean bottom surface of plates.
i. Set plates for structural members on wedges, shims, or
setting nuts as required.
ii. Weld plate washers to top of base plate.
iii. Snug-tighten anchor rods after supported members have
been positioned and plumbed. Do not remove wedges or
shims but, if protruding, cut off flush with edge of plate
before packing with grout.
iv. Promptly pack grout solidly between bearing surfaces and
plates so no voids remain. Neatly finish exposed surfaces;
protect grout and allow curing. Comply with
manufacturer's written installation instructions for
shrinkage-resistant grouts.
3 Maintain erection tolerances of structural steel and steel railing
within AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and
Bridges."
4 Align and adjust various members that form part of complete
frame or structure before permanently fastening. Before assembly,
clean bearing surfaces and other surfaces that will be in permanent
contact with members. Perform necessary adjustments to compensate
for discrepancies in elevations and alignment.
i. Level and plumb individual members of structure.
ii. Make allowances for difference between temperature at
time of erection and mean temperature when structure is
completed and in service.
5 Splice members only where indicated.
6 Do not use thermal cutting during erection unless approved by
Engineer. Finish thermally cut sections within smoothness limits in
AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
7 Do not enlarge unfair holes in members by burning or using drift
pins. Ream holes that must be enlarged to admit bolts.
i. Shear Connectors: Prepare steel surfaces as recommended
by manufacturer of shear connectors. Use automatic end
welding of headed-stud shear connectors according to
AWS D1.1/D1.1M and manufacturer's written instructions
6.3.4 Orthotropic-Deck Super Structure
1 Protection of Deck Plate after Sandblasting: If sandblasting to a
white metal, or an equivalent method, is used to prepare the deck plate
to receive a wearing surface, a protective coating shall be applied to
the plate immediately after cleaning.
2 Dimensional Tolerance Limits:
i. Dimensional tolerance limits for orthotropic-deck bridge
members shall be applied to each completed but unloaded
 member and shall be as specified in the AWS Structural
Welding Code except as superseded hereinafter. The
deviation from detailed flatness, straightness, or curvature
at any point shall be the perpendicular distance from that
point to a template edge which has the detailed straightness
or curvature and which is in contact with the element at two
other points. The term element as used herein refers to
individual panels, stiffeners, flanges, or other pieces. The
template edge may have any length not exceeding the
greatest dimension of the element being examined and, for
any panel, not exceeding 1.5 times the least dimension of
the panel; it may be placed anywhere within the boundaries
of the element. The deviation shall be measured between
adjacent points of contact of the template edge with the
element; the distance between these adjacent points of
contact shall be used in the formulas to establish the
tolerance limits for the segment being measured whenever
this distance is less than the applicable dimension of the
element specified for the formula.
ii. The term panel as used in this paragraph means a clear area
of steel plate surface bounded by stiffeners, webs, flanges,
or plate edges and not further subdivided into such
elements. The provisions of this paragraph apply to all
panels in the bridge; for plates stiffened on one side only
such as orthotropic-deck plates or flanges of box girders,
this includes the total clear width on the side without
stiffeners as well as the panels between stiffeners on the
side with stiffeners. The maximum deviation from detailed
flatness or curvature of a panel shall not exceed 5 mm.
The maximum deviation from detailed straightness or
curvature in any direction perpendicular to its length of a
longitudinal stiffener subject to calculated compressive
stress, including each orthotropic-deck rib, shall not
exceed L/480, where L = the length of the stiffener or rib
between cross members, webs, or flanges, in millimeters.
iii. The maximum deviation from detailed straightness or
curvature in any direction perpendicular to its length of a
transverse web stiffener or other stiffener not subject to
calculated compressive stress shall not exceed L/240,
where L = the length of the stiffener or rib between cross
members, webs, or flanges, in millimeters.
6.3.5 Field Connections
1 High-Strength Bolts: Install high-strength bolts according to
RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 or
A 490 Bolts" for type of bolt and type of joint specified.
i. Joint Type: Slip critical.
2 Weld Connections: Comply with AWS D1.1/D1.1M and
AWS D1.8/D1.8M for tolerances, appearances, welding procedure
specifications, weld quality, and methods used in correcting welding
work.
i. Comply with AISC 303 and AISC 360 for bearing,
alignment, adequacy of temporary connections, and
removal of paint on surfaces adjacent to field welds.
ii. Remove backing bars or runoff tabs, back gouge, and grind
steel smooth.
iii. Assemble and weld built-up sections by methods that will
maintain true alignment of axes without exceeding
tolerances in AISC's "Code of Standard Practice for Steel
Buildings and Bridges" for mill material.
6.3.6 Field Quality Control
1 Testing Agency: The Employer may engage a qualified
independent testing and inspecting agency to inspect field welds and
high-strength bolted connections.
2 Bolted Connections: Bolted connections will be tested and
inspected according to RCSC's "Specification for Structural Joints
Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts."
3 Welded Connections: Field welds will be visually inspected
according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
i. In addition to visual inspection, field welds will be tested
and inspected according to AWS D1.1/D1.1M and the
following inspection procedures, at testing agency's
option:
- Liquid Penetrant Inspection: ASTM E 165.
- Magnetic Particle Inspection: ASTM E 709; performed on
root pass and on finished weld. Cracks or zones of
incomplete fusion or penetration will not be accepted.
- Ultrasonic Inspection: ASTM E 164.
- Radiographic Inspection: ASTM E 94.
4 In addition to visual inspection, test and inspect field-welded
shear connectors according to requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M for
stud welding and as follows:
i. Perform bend tests if visual inspections reveal either a less-
than-continuous 360-degree flash or welding repairs to any
shear connector.
ii. Conduct tests on additional shear connectors if weld
fracture occurs on shear connectors already tested,
according to requirements in AWS D1.1/D1.1M.
5 Correct deficiencies in work that test reports and inspections
indicate does not comply with the Specification or Drawings.
6.4 Method of Measurement
1 Structural steel is measured by weight in tonnes. Except for
rolled steel sections and plates whose weights are computed from
nominal weight as paragraphs 2 and 3 below, the weight shall be
calculated on the basis that 1.0 cu. meter weighs 7850 kg.
2 The weights of rolled shapes shall be computed on the basis of
their nominal weights per meter as shown on the Drawings, or listed
in the handbooks.
3 The weights of plates shall be computed on the basis of the
nominal weight for their width and thickness as shown on the
Drawings, plus an estimated overrun computed as one-half the
‘Permissible Variation in Thickness and Weight’ as tabulated in
Specification, ‘General Requirements for Delivery of Rolled Steel
Plates, Shapes, Steel Piling, and Bars for Structural Use’, AASHTO
M 160.
4 The weight of castings shall be computed from the dimensions
shown on the approved shop drawings, deducting for open holes. To
this weight shall be added 5 percent allowance for fillets and over-run.
Scale weights may be substituted for computed weights in the case of
castings or of small complex parts for which accurate computations of
weight would be difficult.
6-5
5 The weight of temporary erection bolts, shop and field paint, compensate for weight of shop paint. The weight of field bolts shall
boxes, crates, and other containers used for shipping, and materials be based on the approved shipping list. No payment will be made for
used for supporting members during transportation and erection, shall any weight in excess of 1.5 percent above the computed net weight of
not be included in the rate and is subsidiary to the rate of structural the whole item.
steel. 9 Steel railings are measured in lin. meters as the actual length
6 In computing pay weight on the basis of computed net weight fixed in position according to type and height, without differentiation
the following stipulations in addition to those in the foregoing for straight, curved, raking and stepped railings The rates are deemed
paragraphs shall apply: to include for all accessories and fixings and finishes.
i. The weight shall be computed on the basis of the net
finished dimensions of the parts as shown on the approved 6.5 Basis of Payments
shop drawing, deducting for copes, cuts, clips and all open
holes, except bolt holes. 1 The prices for fabrication and erection of structural steel and
railings shall include all labor, materials, equipment, transportation,
ii. The weight of heavy hex bolt with length 100 mm (4
and shop and field painting necessary for the proper completion of the
inches) including its head, single heavy hex nut, double
work in accordance with the contract. The prices for fabrication
standard washers, and threaded along the whole length,
without erection shall include all labor and materials necessary for the
stick-through of all high-tensile strength shop bolts, both
proper completion of the work.
shop and field, shall be included on the basis of the
following weights:
Diameter of Bolt Weight per 100 bolts 6.6 Items in the Bill of Quantities
mm kg
12 (1/2) 17 Payment will be made under one or more of the following:
16 (5/8) 29.8
19 (3/4) 45.1 i. Structural Steel (grade) (t.)
22 (7/8) 64.9 ii. Railings (Type) (height) (lin. m.)
25 (1) 87.6
29 (1 1/8) 114.9
32 (1 1/4) 146.7
35 (1 3/4) 186.8
38 (1 1/2) 230.4
Table 6.4.1 Bolt Weights

iii. The weight of weld metal shall be computed on the basis

of the theoretical volume from dimensions of the welds.
7 In computing pay weight on the basis of computed gross weight,
the following stipulations in addition to the above shall apply.
i. The weight shall be calculated on the basis of rectangular
dimensions for all plates, and ordered over-all lengths for
all structural shapes; except that (A) when parts can be
economically cut in multiples from material of larger
dimensions, the computed weight shall be that of the
material from which the parts are cut, and (B) all material
shall be ordered to produce as little waste as practicable
when cut and finished by modern shop methods.
ii. No deductions from the computed weight of rolled steel
shall be made for the copes, clips, sheared edges,
punchings, borings, milling or planning; or from the
computed weight of castings to allow for drillings or
borings.
iii. The weight of weld metal shall be computed on the basis
of the theoretical volume of the dimensions of the welds.
To this weight shall be added 50 percent allowance for
overrun.
8 In computing pay weight on the basis of scale weights, the pay
quantity of structural steel will be the shop scale weight of the
fabricated members, which shall be weighed on satisfactory scales in
the presence of the Inspector. If the shop paint has been applied to the
completed member when weighed, 0.4 percent of the weight of the
member shall be deducted from the scale weight of the member to

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