(Tan tT ay © 9718793363,9540226688MODERN HISTORY Key Terms in Modern History «© Mahal - In British : Tevenue records mahal © Mahal - Village/ Estates Tai recenneTeatate © Ryot - Cultivators/ Peasants which may be a village or a group of villages. * _Nij and Ryoti - Two main systems of indigo cultivation © Nij-in this, planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled, it was difficult ‘to expand the area under nij cultivation. Cultivation on planter’s own land. © Ryoti - Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta), Cultivation on ryot’s lands. © Vat-Fermenting or storage vessel used Beater and Settling vat. igo industry, Types of vat used are :- Steeper, © Cutcheries - Courts © Faujdari Adalat - Criminal court © Diwani Adalat - Civil court © Lathiyals - Lathi-wielding strongmen maintained by the planters. © Cartaz System - Trade permit which the Portuguese forced upon any ship playing in the Indian Ocean for protection. © Hundi - Bill of Exchange (UPSC - 2020) © Bahikhatas - Account books © Bedakhli - Illegal eviction © Amlah - Rent collecting officers of the zamindars © Jotedars - Rich peasants, most powerful in North Bengal; elsewhere known as haoladars, gantidars or mandals. © Adhiyars or Bargadars - Sharecroppers © Gomasthas - Agents of planters who came to collect rent © Dikus - Outsiders © Baigas - A tribal group in central India © Madigas -Important untouchable caste of Andhra Pradesh, Experts at cleaning hides, tanning them for use, and sewing sandals. © Dublas - Labourers who worked for upper class landowners which includes cultivating their fields, and working at a variety of odd jobs at the landlord's house. © Agarias - A community of iron smelters. (1)© Ghai - Religious warriors Shudras - labouring castes Ati Shudras - Untouchables * _ Patola weave - Type of textile woven in Surat, Ahmedabad and Patan. Highly valued in Indonesia, it became part of the local weaving tradition there. Jamdani weave - Fine muslin on which decorative motifs are woven on the loom in grey and white, mixture of cotton and gold thread was used. © The most important centres of jamdani weaving were Dacca in Bengal and Lucknow in the United Provinces. Bandana - Term derived from the word “bandhna’ (Hindi for tying) and referred to a variety of brightly coloured cloth produced through a method of tying and dying. Jamdani Bandana Tanti, Julahas, Momin, Sale, Kaikollar, Devangs - Weaving Communities © Tanti - weavers of Bengal * — Julahas or Momin - weavers of north India © Sale, Kaikollar and Devangs - weavers of south India Charkha and Talli - Household spinning instruments Chhipigars - Specialist block printers Julub and Cowrie Sutta - Forms of speculative and trading activities prevalent during the eighteenth century © Julub - The former practice was an ant by unreal entries and transfers’ ipation of price at certain dates ‘accompanied © Cowri sutta is a similar form of gambling wherein one gives another before the harvest, a Cowree, as a pledge, that he will pay hima specific price, at a certain date, for a specific quantity of grain. © Bottomry- A speculative investment, money was lent out for a particular voyage. (2)Filatures - Workshops set up to improve silk making in India and cocoons were spun into silk thread for export. Karewa and Niyog System - A practice in which the widow was accepted as the bride by one of the brothers of the deceased husband. Ijaradari Sytstem - Form of land revenue system where the right of collecting revenue of a particular area was auctioned to the highest bidder, started from Shah Jahan’s time, grew more during the time of Aurangzeb. © Introduced in 1773 by Warren Hastings in Bengal. Damin-i-Koh - The huge area of settled agriculture where the Santhals had settled. Moglai and Mandeni - Used by the tribal communities in the hilly areas in reference to the British expansion in their area. © Moglai-Freedom to move in the forests, to raid, to collect a duo called giras from the plains, and to have a distinctive pattern of political authority. © Mandeni-Embodies both an epoch and an event that signals the end of moglai when British dominance undermined Dangi political authority Jalsa-e-Intizam-e-Fauji-Wa-mulki - Council (during the revolt of 1857) for the Arrangement of the Affairs of the Country and the Army, located within the court of Emperor Bahadur Shah, The Lex Loci Act of 1850 - Act providi converts of Christianity. g the right to inherit ancestral property to Hindu Lambardar - Head of the community in the areas of Mahalwari settlements (North West provinces). Linked Battalion Scheme - Under this scheme, the European troops in India were constantly renovated by periodical visits to England. Dayabhaga System - Part of the Hindu Personal law, wl to inherit the deceased husband's property. gave the widow greater rights Hali System - Tradition prevalent in the parts of Gujrat where the tribal communities were subjugated to hereditary labour by the Upper caste landowners. Ukku, Hukku, Urukku - Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam word for steel ‘Wootz - Anglicised version of Ukku Stripurushtulna (A Comparison between Women and Men) - Book published by Tarabai Shinde, criticised the social differences between men and women. Gulamgiri - Means Slavery, Book written by Jyotiba Phule in 1873 Oru jati, Oru matam, Oru daivam manushyanu - One caste, one r humankind; statement given by Shri Narayana Guru ion, one god for (3)© Khudai Khidmatgars - A powerful non-violent movement among the Pathans of North West Frontier Province known for its activism against the British Raj, Also called “Surkh Posh” or “Red Shirts” or “red-dressed”. © Dubashes - Indians who could speak two languages the local language and English. © Prati sarkar - Parallel government © Seba dals - Volunteer corps * Mahants - Religious functionaries of Sikh gurdwaras * Munsht- A person who can read, write and teach Persian * Mercantile - A business . Qazi — A judge ‘enterprise that makes profit primarily through trade, buying goods cheap and selling them at higher prices © Pet is a Tamil word “meaning settlement, while puramis used for a village. + Talugdar literally means “one who holds a taluq” or a connection. Talug came to refer toa territorial unit. * Qasbah is a small town in the ‘countryside, often the seat of a local notable. Ganj refers to a small fixed market. Both qasbah and ganj dealt in cloth, fruit, vegetables and milk products. They provided for noble families and the army. ‘Mufti — A jurist of the Muslim community responsible for expounding the law that the qazt would administer Aquatint is a picture produced Dy cutting into a copper sheet with acid and then printing it. A sahukar was someone who acted as both a moneylender and a trader. Bewar — A term used in Madhya Pradesh for shifting cultivation Aur: A Persian Coke a place where goods are collected before being sold: also refers to a workshop (4)