Chapter 6 Geometrical figures and circle geometry

Chapter summary

Similar figures Polygons Angle properties of circles

All corresponding angles are equal Angle sum of polygon Angle at centre is
and corresponding sides are in the S = 180(n – 2), where n θ twice that of angle
same ratio; i.e. same shape but O
is the number of sides. at the circumference
different in size. 2θ subtended by the
There are four tests for similar same arc.
triangles. ABC III DEF is a
similarity statement.

The angle in a
O semicircle is 90°.
Congruent triangles
These triangles are identical, written
ABC ≡ DEF.
Tests for congruence are θ Angles at circumference
SSS, SAS, AAS and RHS. θ subtended by the same
arc are equal.

Circles and chords

Geometrical figures
Opposite angles in
and circle geometry b°
B AB is a chord. a°
cyclic quadrilaterals are
supplementary.
A c° a + c = 180
Chords of equal length d°
b + d = 180
subtend equal angles.

A E
If AB = CD, OAB is isosceles
then OE = OF. O
given that OA and OB
O B are radii.
C D A B
F
The perpendicular from
centre to chord bisects O
the chord.

Tangents
Perpendicular bisectors
of every chord of a circle
intersect at the centre. O A tangent touches a circle
O once and is perpendicular
point of
to the radius at point of
contact
contact.
tangent

Intersecting chords, secants, tangents

A
A P
Tangents PA and PB
secant P have equal length; i.e.
B C AP × BP = CP × DP
PA = PB
B
D
ab = cd Angle between tangent and
a A P B
d A chord is equal to angle in
c alternate segment.
B AP × BP = CP 2
b CP is a tangent. X P Y
C
 106 CHAPTER 6 Circles

6.3B Table of Angle-Measurement Principles

Note: To find the angle formed by a secant and a chord meeting on the circle, first find the measure of the inscribed
angle adjacent to it and then subtract from 180. Thus if secant AB meets chord CD at C on the circle in Fig. 6-36, to
find mj y, first find the measure of inscribed j x. Obtain mj y by subtracting mj x from 180.