English Language Booklet Grade 4 To 6

2018 Terri-Lee Boucher
ENGLISH LANGUAGE BOOKLET
NAME: ______________________________
GRADE & CLASS: _______________________
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Parts of Speech ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
NOUNS ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
PRONOUNS ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
ADJECTIVES.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
VERBS......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
GERUNDS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
ADVERBS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
CONJUNCTIONS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21
PREPOSITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
ARTICLES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
INTERJECTIONS ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Figures of Speech .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
ALLITERATION ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
ASSONANCE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
ONOMATOPOEIA ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
SIMILE ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
METAPHOR................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31
PERSONIFICATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
PROVERBS AND IDIOMS........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
PROVERBS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
IDIOMS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Punctuation ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
CAPITAL LETTERS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 37
FULL STOP ( . ) ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
COMMA ( , ) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
COLON ( : ) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
QUESTION MARK ( ? )............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
EXCLAMATION MARK ( ! ) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
INVERTED COMMAS ( “ ” )..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
APOSTROPHE ( ‘ ) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 39
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
DIRECT SPEECH ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42
INDIRECT SPEECH .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 43
ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
HOMONYMS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
HOMOPHONES ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
PLURALS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 50
PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
PREFIXES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
SUFFIXES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
SENTENCES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 53
TYPES OF SENTENCES .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
SUBJECT AND PREDICATE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 56
SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58
THE TENSES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
PRESENT TENSE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 59
PAST TENSE.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 60
FUTURE TENSE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
DICTIONARY WORK ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
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Parts of Speech
 Every word that is used in a sentence has a different name according to what job it does in the
sentence.
 These words are known as parts of speech and are shown in the table below:
Part of Speech: Type and Description: Example:
Common Noun Desk
Noun The name given to an ordinary thing.
(Naming word for a Proper Noun Mr Smith
person, place or thing.) The name given to a particular thing such as: Wednesday
people, places, days, months, educational January
subjects, titles of films, books and songs. South Africa
English
Lord of the Flies
Despacito
Abstract Noun Honesty
A noun that describes something we cannot see,
hear, taste, feel or touch.
Collective Noun A library of books.
A noun that describes a group or collection of
people or things.
Personal Pronoun He is my best
Pronoun Used for people or things. friend.
(Takes the place of a
Possessive Pronoun The book is mine.
noun.)
Shows ownership of something.
Reflexive Pronoun He prefers to sit by
Ends in –self or –selves. himself.
Indefinite Pronoun Nobody is going
Refers to things of an indefinite amount. there today.
Demonstrative Pronoun Those boys are in
Used to point out something specific. the team.
Relative Pronoun The girls who were
Refers back to a noun which has already been on the bus, got
mentioned. home late.
Describes a noun or a pronoun. It was an amazing

Adjective movie!
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Action or doing word. I showed her my
Verb new game.
He was eating a
cake.
Adverb of Time I will finish my

Adverb Describes when something was done. speech later.
(Describes the verb.) Adverb of Place I have looked
Describes where something was done. everywhere for my
friend.
Adverb of Manner I laughed loudly at
Describes how something was done. the comedy.
Adverb of Degree She is almost
Describes to what extent something was done. finished her
homework.
A word that joins two phrases or sentences. On Saturday night

Conjunction we watched TV and
a movie.
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A word that indicates position in relation to a noun Before, at, to, by,
Preposition or a pronoun. under, in front, next
to, etc.
A small word used before a noun or an adjective. The egg was boiled
Article Definite Article – the for five minutes.
Indefinite Articles – a and an An egg takes five
minutes to cook.
A short exclamation (word or phrase) used to Oh! Ouch! Hurray!

Interjection express an emotion.
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PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing or a complex idea. There can be more
than one noun in a sentence. The main types of nouns are described below:
1. Common Noun: A noun names people, animals, places and things. A common noun names
ordinary things. Another name for a common noun is a concrete noun because it can be touched.
Examples:
a. He ate cabbage for dinner.
b. I write in the book.
c. I work on a calculator.
2. Proper Noun: is the specific name of something or somebody. It is used to name people, places,
days, months, educational subjects and titles of books, films and songs. Proper nouns always
start with a capital letter.
Examples:
a. My teacher is called Mrs Smith.
b. I live in Cape Town.
c. Today is Monday 11th June.
d. I am good at History.
e. My favourite book is Alice in Wonderland.
3. Abstract Noun: is a noun that we can’t see, hear, smell, taste or feel. It is used to describe
emotions and ideas.
Examples:
a. I have lots of energy.
b. She was full of enthusiasm.
c. Their friendship lasted for ten years.
4. Collective Noun: is used to describe a group or collection of two or more people, places, things
or ideas.
Examples:
a. We saw a pride of lions in the game reserve.
b. There was a flock of sheep in the field.
c. There is a fleet of ships in the harbour.
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Activity 1:
Write Common or Proper next to each of these nouns.
book __________________________________ garden ________________________________
Samantha _____________________________ pencil _________________________________
Buckingham Palace ______________________ lunchbox ______________________________
fish ___________________________________ Mr Jones ______________________________
France ________________________________ Rice Crispies ___________________________
Activity 2:
Remember: a noun is the name of a person, place, animal or thing.
A. Write suitable nouns:
1. The cat has four __________________ and two __________________.
2. Mice eat __________________ and __________________.
3. A young dog is called a __________________.
4. The swan swam gracefully in the __________________.
5. The goat butted the __________________ with its horns.
6. The ant carried __________________ to the __________________.
7. The __________________ is the tallest animal in the world.
8. The hunter shot a wild __________________ in the __________________.
9. The wolf and the __________________ live in the __________________.
10. An elephant’s long nose is called a __________________.
B. Underline the nouns:

1. Rabbits dig burrows in the ground.
2. My dog lives in a kennel.
3. The bullfrog leaped into the pond.
4. There are many giraffes and lions in Africa.
5. The eagle has a nest in the mountains.
C. Unscramble the nouns:

1. kdonye __________________ 6. fclif _________________ 11. slmiey ________________
2. yks _____________________ 7. pihs ________________ 12. koob __________________
3. epcoumtr ________________ 8. elbebp ______________ 13. tawre _________________
4. galf ____________________ 9. ddelas ______________ 14. eltetr _________________
5. cihdl ____________________ 10. llesh ________________ 15. aesllug ________________
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Activity 3: Collective Nouns
Write the correct group term. Use the words below.
shoal litter fleet deck herd brood
flock bouquet pride colony pack troop
library swarm gaggle army
1. A _______________________ of monkeys. 9. A ____________________________ of fish.
2. A __________________________ of cards. 10. A ___________________________ of lions.
3. A ________________________ of chickens. 11. A ___________________________ of pups.
4. A __________________________ of birds. 12. A _________________________ of wolves.
5. A _________________________ of flowers. 13. A ________________________ of soldiers.
6. A __________________________ of books. 14. A ___________________________ of bees.
7. A ___________________________ of ants. 15. A __________________________ of ships.
8. A __________________________ of geese. 16. A __________________________ of horses.
Activity 4: Abstract Nouns

Underline the abstract noun in each sentence below.
1. I respected the honesty my friend showed.
2. Can you believe that woman’s brilliance?
3. To my delight, everyone arrived on time.
4. She was in great despair when she lost her phone.
5. We have a lot of hope for the future.
6. They showed extreme joy when they helped others.
7. The men had much bravery on the battlefield.
8. My mother always shows great compassion for her children.
9. We have a ton of pride in our school.
10. He was distraught after he found out the awful news.
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Activity 5: Plural Nouns
Fill in the puzzle with the plural form of each word.
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2 3 4
5 6
7 8
10 11 12
13 14
15 16
17 18
19
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ACROSS DOWN
2. tooth 1. man
7. wife 3. hammer
8. snake 4. bush
10. party 5. foot
12. leaf 6. bench
13. box 9. girl
16. house 11. story
17. finger 14. shoe
19. knife 15. sock
20. basket 18. goose
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PRONOUNS
A word that is used to replace a noun is called a pronoun. We use pronouns to avoid repeating the
noun. The different types of pronouns are described below:
1. Personal Pronoun: is used for people or things. E.g. My sister is in Grade 8. She is in Grade
8. In the above example, “My sister” has been replaced by the pronoun “she”.
Singular Pronouns (one person): I, you, he, she, it, me, him and her.
Plural Pronouns (more than one person): we, you, they, us, them.
2. Possessive Pronoun: shows ownership of something. It tells you whom the noun belongs to.
E.g. The shoes are hers. (the shoes belong to her) The dog was theirs. (the dog belongs to
them).
Personal Pronoun Possessive Pronoun
Singular: I/me Mine
You Yours
He/him His
She/her Hers
It Its
Plural: We/us Ours
You Yours
They/them Theirs
3. Reflexive Pronoun: reflects or points back to the subject of the sentence. A reflexive pronoun
ends in self or selves.
Example:
a. I baked the cake myself.
b. We learnt all by ourselves.
4. Indefinite Pronoun: is used to refer to things of an indefinite amount.

Example:
a. Is somebody at home?
5. Demonstrative Pronoun: is used to point out or demonstrate something specific.

Example:
a. These are the ones I was telling you about.
When a demonstrative pronoun comes before a noun, it becomes an adjective.
a. That book is interesting.
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6. Relative Pronoun: is used to replace a noun or a pronoun. It refers back to a noun that has
already been mentioned.
Example:
1. I found the bag. I had lost my bag.
I found the bag that I had lost.
In the sentence above “that” is used to replace the noun “bag”.
There are 5 relative pronouns that are commonly used:
People Animals and Objects
Whose That
Who Which
Whom
N.B. DON’T USE “THAT” WHEN REFERRING TO PEOPLE, USE “WHO”.
Activity 6:
Circle the correct pronoun in the sentences below:
1. ( We / I ) am one of the hardest working players on the team.
2. Make sure to tell ( us / we ) the score as soon as you can.
3. ( You / Him ) are a very fast runner.
4. I can tell ( it / that ) was a very difficult decision to make.
5. Are you sure that ( he / they ) turned in his homework?
6. The pig ( that / who ) rolled in the mud, is fat.
7. Please ask ( they / them ) if they are available for Monday.
8. ( Those / This ) is the book that was very interesting.
9. They baked the cake ( themselves / ourselves ).
Activity 7:
Rewrite each sentence and replace the underlined word or words with a pronoun.
1. John read a book called, “Twilight.” John thought the book was interesting.
2. David and I like to go to the market after school. David and I always buy ice cream.
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3. I gave Mary a book to read. Mary told me the book was scary.
4. The apple was very red. The apple tasted very sweet and juicy.
5. Harriet Tubman was a courageous woman. Harriet Tubman guided the slaves to freedom.
6. Abolitionists wished to abolish slavery. Abolitionists felt that slavery was racist.
7. My sister and I are going to visit our grandparents. My sister and I want to bring them food.
Activity 8:
Write the pronoun from the word bank below that best completes each sentence.
I me he she it him
her you we they them
1. Can you tell _____________________ that he can’t stand right next to the painting?
2. Because Susan was so helpful, _____________________ is able to go to her friend’s house.
3. Him and _____________________ are walking to the theatre tonight.
4. Please tell _____________________ the directions to the lake.
5. I believe _____________________ all deserve an award for helping.
6. _____________________ are not prepared for school in the morning.
7. The chair was pulled out, so I pushed _____________________ back in.
8. Please tell _____________________ the results of the test.
9. He looks so excited, so don’t tell _____________________ the news yet.
10. Give all the gifts to _____________________, for they worked very hard.
11. _____________________ are the reason that I joined the team.
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ADJECTIVES
An adjective is a describing word. An adjective describes the noun, for example, the exciting game
or the cute puppy.
Position of Adjectives:
 The adjective can be before the noun. E.g. A windy day.
 The adjective can be separated from the noun (after the verb). E.g. The morning was windy.
Degrees of Comparison: an adjective can be used in different degrees. The three degrees of
comparison are:
1. Positive: refers to one thing.
2. Comparative: compares two things.
3. Superlative: compares more than two things and describes the most/best.
Positive Comparative Superlative
strong stronger strongest
Exceptions:
Positive Comparative Superlative
Good Better The best
Bad Worse The worst
Few/little Less The least
Many/much More The most
Old Older/elder Oldest/eldest
Far Farther/further Farthest/furthest
Activity 9:
Read the sentences below and fill in the correct form of the adjective.
1. Mount Everest is the _____________________ mountain in the world. (high)
2. You are the _____________________ person I know. (kind)
3. Rabbits are _____________________ than dogs. (small)
4. I am the _____________________ person in the class. (short)
5. The red car is _____________________ than the blue car. (fast)
6. Do you think a hammer is _____________________ than a drill? (useful)
7. This apple is _____________________ than that apple. (red)
8. I had the _____________________ evening with my mum. (wonderful)
9. The Pacific Ocean is _____________________ than the Arctic Ocean. (deep)
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10. My brother is _____________________ than me. (young)
11. He is as _____________________ as his father. (famous)
12. Yesterday was _____________________ than today. (sunny)
13. Jupiter is the _____________________ planet in our Solar System. (big)
14. He is the _____________________ boy in our class. (smart)
15. Who has the _____________________ job in our family? (hard)
Activity 10:
A. Underline the adjective in each sentence. Then write the noun the adjective describes on the
line.
1. My dad brought me colourful flowers. _____________________
2. Her kitten is fluffy! _____________________
3. A tiny bug landed on my sandwich. _____________________
4. My brother is sitting on our front porch. _____________________
5. How does my new dress look? _____________________
B. Complete each sentence by writing an adjective that describes what kind of each noun
underlined.
1. Tommy and Lisa live in the _____________________ house.
2. I plopped down on the _____________________ chair.
3. The baby’s toy is _____________________.
4. My _____________________ shoes are by the door.
5. We sat beneath the _____________________ tree.
Activity 11:
Write a sentence using the following adjectives:
1. Boring: _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Beautiful: ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Lazy: ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Happy: _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Poor: ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Activity 12:
Fill in the missing adjectives from the box below:
angry narrow beautiful French historical
neat frail spectacular average chilly
1. There have been many accidents on the _____________________ road.

2. She looked _____________________ in her wedding dress.
3. John has very _____________________ handwriting.
4. The _____________________ man shook his fist at me.
5. The _____________________ wine is very expensive.
6. The _____________________ lady fell and broke her hip.
7. The _____________________ site contained fossils.
8. It was a _____________________ movie!
9. I received an _____________________ mark for my test.
10. The _____________________ wind blew across the valley.
VERBS
A verb is a state of being or a doing/action word. The verb tells us what someone or something
is doing or saying. Every sentence must have a verb and a subject.
1. Finite and Infinite Verbs: a verb can be finite or infinite. A finite verb is the main verb in a
sentence. Every sentence must have a finite verb. E.g. I travel far. An infinite verb has “to” in
front of it, for example, “to stay”, “to find”.
2. Auxiliary Verbs: in some sentences you will find only one verb. In others, an auxiliary or helping
verb is used before the main verb to show the tense. E.g. I am going to the park. So an auxiliary
verb is a verb that helps the main verb. Auxiliary verbs cannot exist without a main verb.
Sentence Auxiliary Verb Main Verb

He is watching TV. is watching
They are driving all the way. are driving
I did not go to school. did go
I can swim in the summer. can swim
Would you like some? would like
I have eaten already. have eaten
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GERUNDS
A gerund is a verb that ends in –ing. However, this word acts more like a noun and usually follows
a verb. E.g. I like swimming. They enjoy laughing during break.
Activity 13:
Read each set of words. Write the verb on the line.
1. Wendy and Sarah wrote a song. _____________________
2. His father paid the cashier. _____________________
3. The squirrel was scurrying up the tree. _____________________
4. Children read every day at school. _____________________
5. Nancy has baked an apple pie. _____________________
6. John and Tim counted the money. _____________________
7. Her family flew to Colorado this spring. _____________________
8. Bob washed the dishes this morning. _____________________
9. The king’s horses ate already. _____________________
10. Carol carefully washed her new car in the driveway. _____________________
11. The cat has slept all afternoon in the sun. _____________________
12. We wrote our names at the top of the paper. _____________________
13. The alligator snapped its jaws shut. _____________________
Activity 14:
A. Underline the verbs.
1. House spiders weave cobwebs.
2. The squirrel built a drey.
3. The otter caught a fat moorhen.
4. The cat is purring near the fire.
5. Run before the rhino charges.
6. I shall feed the robins.
7. A monkey chatters and an ape gibbers.
8. Tom will train the horse for the big race.
9. At night the owl hoots in the forest.
10. The tiger chased the wild goat.
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B. Choose suitable verb.
1. The horse _____________________ over the fence.
2. The fox _____________________ the goose.
3. A herd of buffaloes _____________________ across the valley.
4. The fisherman _____________________ a shoal of herring.
5. A frog _____________________ bigger than a tadpole.
6. The fly fox _____________________ from the hounds.
7. The angry dog _____________________ at the stranger.
8. A gaggle of geese _____________________ across the road.
C. Write the verb that is opposite to the verb that is in Italics.

1. Dan loved the monkeys but Lynn _____________________ the elephants.
2. He sold his bicycle and _____________________ a new one.
3. When the teacher appeared at the window, the children _____________________ quickly.
4. Shut the door and _____________________ the windows.
5. I remember people’s names but _____________________ their addresses.
6. The elephant lowered its head and _____________________ its trunk.
7. We started the exam in the morning and _____________________ it in the afternoon.
8. Ann broke the latch on the window but she later _____________________ it.
Activity 15:
A. Rewrite the sentence from the past tense to the present tense. Make sure you change the
verb.
1. I walked up the hill.
2. The girls ate the cake on the weekend.
3. They slept in tents and read books.
4. Mr Smith looked at his watch then left the building.
B. Rewrite the sentences from the present tense to the past tense. Make sure you change
the verb.
1. He likes the present she gives him.
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2. They ring the bell for lunch. Everyone gets their lunch ready.
3. She speaks very loudly. They can all hear her.
4. The boys study in the library together. They write their exams next week.
Activity 16:
Change the following present tense verbs to past tense.
Present Tense Past Tense Present Tense Past Tense
build know
give see
fall eat
break ring
fight come
Activity 17:
A. Underline the gerunds in the following sentences:
1. The dog keeps bumping his head.
2. I fancy eating a cupcake.
3. We enjoy talking to our moms.
4. We finish swimming at 4 o’clock.
5. I recall hitting my head when I was small.
6. I understand running practice is hard work.
B. Use the following gerunds in a sentence:

1. playing: _____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. throwing: ____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. cheating: ____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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ADVERBS
An adverb is a word that tells us more about the verb in a sentence. Adverbs give extra meaning to
the verb. E.g. He snored loudly. In the sentence, the adverb “loudly” tells us how he snored.
Types of Adverbs:
An adverb can tell us:
 When something was done. This is known as an adverb of time.
 Where something was done. This is known as an adverb of place.
 How something was done. This is known as an adverb of manner.
 To what degree something was done. This is known as an adverb of degree.
Type of Adverb Asks Example

Adverb of Time When? We are going on holiday soon.
Adverb of Place Where? The boys are playing inside
because it is raining.
Adverb of Manner How? He climbed down the slippery
path carefully.
Adverb of Degree To what extent? He was totally exhausted after
the race.
Examples of Adverbs
1. Adverb of Time: today, yesterday, tomorrow, next week, now, then, soon, before, after, since,
finally, later, never.
2. Adverb of Place: anywhere, nowhere, somewhere, everywhere, inside, up, down, near, far,
here, there.
3. Adverb of Manner: poorly, well, slowly, quickly, carefully, politely, softly.
4. Adverb of Degree: completely, strongly, totally, quite, rather, very, almost, hardly, nearly.
Adverbial Phrases: an adverb can be a word on its own, for example, “always”, or it can be a
phrase, called an adverbial phrase, for example, “all the time”.
Types of Adverbial Phrases Examples of Preposition Example

Used
Time When, before, after, as soon as I have a lot to do before the
weekend.
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Place At, in, behind, where, next to, Go and stand where you will
beneath be seen.
Manner By, as, with, until He ran until he was
exhausted.
Activity 18:
Complete each sentence by writing an adverb on the line. The word in brackets tells you what kind
of adverb to write.
1. My cat slept _____________________. (where)
2. We’ll go to Hawaii _____________________. (when)
3. We walked _____________________ down the street. (how)
4. The woman took her son _____________________. (where)
5. Jeremy spoke _____________________ to the class. (how)
Activity 19:
Identify the adverbs in the following sentences and state whether they describe when (adverb of
time), where (adverb of place), how (adverb of manner) or to what extent (adverb of degree) the
verb is done.
Sentence Adverb Adverb of time, place,
manner or degree?
1. He played well in the match.
2. She spoke calmly to the
children.
3. I never do my homework on
time.
4. I visited my gran yesterday.
5. Elizabeth was rather tired
after studying.
6. He goes to church every
Sunday.
7. He worked outside because
it was a lovely day.
8. I found the package there.
9. He yawned lazily.
10. The dog barked noisily.
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Activity 20:
Read each sentence. Underline the adjectives and circle the adverbs.
1. The tall boy hurriedly ran down the street.
2. The tiny mouse quietly scampered across the door.
3. The short girl cheerfully sang in the choir.
4. The beautiful princess gently rocked her baby.
5. The small puppy playfully chased after the ball.
Activity 21:
Rewrite each sentence below. Change the adjective in brackets to form an adverb.
1. I (secret) bought my friend a birthday gift.
2. We (easy) won the game!
3. The boy (quick) ran around the block with his dog.
4. I (patient) waited my turn in the line for the latest game.
5. She (careful) walked home from school.
CONJUNCTIONS
A conjunction is a joining word. It is used to join words, phrases, clauses and sentences together.
Conjunctions are usually found in the middle of a sentence, but they can be used at the beginning
of the sentence. E.g. Whenever it rains, our roof leaks. Our roof leaks whenever it rains.
Examples of Conjunctions:
and after although as because
before but for how however
if once or nor since
so then though unless until
when whether while yet whenever
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Activity 22:
Join the two sentences together using one of the following conjunctions:
for; and; nor; but; or; yet; so
1. I looked beneath my bed. I could not find my shoes.
2. I had fifty rand. I bought a video game.
3. I read my program. I could not find information on my favourite player.
4. I approved the design. I approved the plan.
5. I could spell all the words. I could not define them.
Activity 23:
Insert the correct conjunction into the correct sentence.
because after but unless whenever
as or and yet nor
1. I am late _____________________ I overslept.

2. He does not smoke, _____________________ does he drink.
3. He stays fit, _____________________ he does not exercise.
4. She swims _____________________ she dances on a Tuesday after school.
5. I am not allowed to go _____________________ I finish my project.
6. I can’t decide whether to wear this dress _____________________ these trousers.
7. I am going ice-skating _____________________ I finish my homework.
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8. My friend interrupts me _____________________ I speak!
9. _____________________ he was so good at Maths, he found the test easy.
10. I would love a pet, _____________________ my dad won’t let me have one.
Activity 24:
Use the following conjunctions in a sentence:
1. although: ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. however: ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. since: ______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
PREPOSITIONS
A preposition lets you know the position or place of something in relation to something else. E.g.
He put the book on the table. There can be more than one preposition in a sentence. E.g. The lake
is near the mountain and across the lake. Prepositions are sometimes confused with adverbs of
time and place. You will know if a word is a preposition, if it is followed by a noun or a pronoun. If
not, the word will be an adverb. E.g. She left her car outside the gate. – preposition. She put her
car outside. – adverb of place.
Types of Prepositions:
There are several different types of prepositions, as described below:
 Preposition of Time: describes when something took place. E.g. She came back from her
holiday on Monday.
 Preposition of Place: describes where something is. E.g. I live at number 10 Oakhill Road.
 Preposition of Movement: describe movements. E.g. He ran to the finish line.
 Preposition of Maths: are used in Maths. E.g. Ten divided by two is five.
Activity 25:
Underline the prepositions in the sentences below:
1. I would prefer to drink juice instead of water.
2. The plane soared high above the clouds.
3. Contrary to popular belief, women are better drivers than men.
4. She wanted to sit next to the driver.
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5. They wanted to get ahead of the pack.
6. Despite trying very hard, he did not win the race.
7. They play waterpolo throughout the year.
8. It was between him and me.
9. Instead of trying to do drama this term, I decided to do public speaking.
10. I was not allowed a phone until I was twelve.
Activity 26:
Fill in each sentence with a preposition from the word bank.
underneath along down across beyond after against
1. I looked _____________________ the hill at the many houses below.

2. Make sure to check _____________________ your bed for your shoes.
3. _____________________ we go to the movies, we will go eat at a restaurant.
4. I leaned _____________________ the side of the wall.
5. Can you walk _____________________ with me as we go shopping?
6. If you look _____________________ those trees, you will see a cabin.
Activity 27:
Circle the preposition that best completes each sentence.
1. My mom looked ( beyond / after ) me when I was young.
2. I sat ( over / between ) my two best friends at the assembly.
3. Someone tapped my shoulder, so I looked ( past / behind ) me.
4. My father had to crawl ( about / under ) the house to look for the raccoon.
5. I leaned ( against / down ) the wall because my legs were hurting.
6. I ran ( round / towards ) the light because I was scared.
7. ( Around / Before ) the ceremony starts, we must all say a prayer.
8. John looked ( along / across ) the lake at the houses on the other side.
Activity 28:
Write a preposition on the line to complete each sentence below.
1. We went on holiday _____________________ Christmas.
2. I live _____________________ many people.
3. I looked _____________________ the jar to see if there was any jelly left.
4. We walked _____________________ of the building when the sirens sounded.
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5. She walked _____________________ the shoe store.
6. We waited _____________________ the other team finished the game.
7. We walked _____________________ the flight of stairs.
8. I threw the ball _____________________ the entire yard.
9. I live _____________________ the famous restaurant.
10. We walked _____________________ the ship.
11. The tourists walked _____________________ the famous bridge.
12. I sat _____________________ the famous president.
Activity 29:
Write a sentence with each preposition listed below.
1. above
2. along
3. around
ARTICLES
An article is a small word that is used before a noun or an adjective. It can be a definite article,
“the”, or an indefinite article, “a” or “an”.
 A definite article is used for something specific. E.g. the child.
 An indefinite article is used for something non-specific. E.g. a tree.
 “An” is used instead of “a” when the word that follows it begins with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) e.g. an
elephant.
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Activity 30:
Underline the correct article to complete each sentence.
1. I live in ( a / an ) big city.
2. Can you tell ( a / an ) interesting story?
3. I saw ( a / an ) octopus at the aquarium.
4. What is ( a / an ) animal that you would recommend?
5. Will you watch ( a / an ) film on Tuesday?
6. I ran ( a / an ) sprint to the finish line.
7. We saw ( a / an ) exciting movie today.
8. I saw ( a / an ) bear in the trash can.
9. She worked for ( a / an ) hour on her project.
10. He has ( a / an ) unicorn toy on his bed.
Activity 31:
Fill in which article best completes each sentence given below.
1. I would love to tell you __________ story. (a, an, the)
2. Can you take me to __________ doctor? (a, an, the)
3. We will go to __________ movies today. (a, an, the)
4. I saw __________ elephant at the zoo. (a, an, the)
5. Will you watch __________ play with me? (a, an, the)
6. I am going to __________ after school event. (a, an, the)
7. We saw __________ exciting basketball game. (a, an, the)
8. I saw __________ cat in my backyard. (a, an, the)
INTERJECTIONS
An interjection is a short exclamation, used to express an emotion, such as surprise, fear, anger,
joy, pain, or pity. E.g. Oh! Wow!
Interjections can be punctuated in the following ways:
1. With an Exclamation Mark: Ouch!
2. Followed by a Comma: “Well, you never know what might happen.”
3. With a Question Mark: Huh?
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Activity 32:
Choose an interjection from the table to complete the sentences.
ouch hey well huh mmm yuk oops wow brrr hmm
1. __________, you did so well! 6. __________, really?

2. __________! That tastes disgusting! 7. __________, that smells good!
3. __________, over here! 8. __________, I’m not sure about her.
4. __________. That’s sore! 9. __________, I broke the glass.
5. __________, I never! 10. __________! It’s so cold!
Revision Worksheet 1:
Circle the correct answer for each question.
1. Names for persons, places, things, qualities, feelings, concepts, activities and measures are:
a. verbs b. adjectives c. nouns d. pronouns
2. Words that replace nouns are:
a. adverbs b. adjectives c. interjections d. pronouns
3. The part of speech that answers the question: What kind? And How many? Is a/an:
a. adverb b. adjective c. preposition d. conjunction
4. Words such as slowly, very, and tomorrow that answer the questions How? And when? Are:
a. adverbs b. adjectives c. nouns d. conjunctions
5. I, you, they, hers and he are examples of:
a. pronouns b. nouns c. adverbs d. adjectives
6. Wow, well, and oops are examples of:
a. pronouns b. prepositions c. interjections d. adjectives
7. And, or, nor and but are:
a. adverbs b. prepositions c. interjections d. conjunctions
8. Words such as by, in, and of that join noun or pronoun objects to other words in sentences are:
a. adverbs b. prepositions c. adjective d. conjunctions
On the line to the left of the sentence, write the word that is the part of speech indicated in brackets.
1. _____________________ (preposition) He walked around the corner.
2. _____________________ (pronoun) Ann hopes that she will sing one day.
3. _____________________ (pronoun) Can Jerry help him with the science project?
4. _____________________ (noun) Have you seen the eraser?
5. _____________________ (noun) The lock was stuck.
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6. _____________________ (noun) She purchased the ice-cream with him.
7. _____________________ (adjective) Older people tire more easily.
8. _____________________ (adjective) Steven is honest.
9. _____________________ (adjective) Kind people are often rewarded.
10. _____________________ (adverb) The officer ran fast.
11. _____________________ (adverb) My sister answered the questions intelligently.
12. _____________________ (adverb) You should really see this art exhibit, Kenny.
13. _____________________ (preposition) Reggie tripped down the stairs.
14. _____________________ (preposition) Can you jump over the hurdle?
15. _____________________ (preposition) May I sit between you two?
16. _____________________ (verb) Ask the question.
17. _____________________ (verb) The store overcharged me.
18. _____________________ (verb) Jimmy, eat your spaghetti.
19. _____________________ (conjunction) I cannot go, for I have too much to do.
20. _____________________ (conjunction) I like peanuts and potato chips.
On the line to the left, write the part of speech of the underlined word.
Noun Pronoun Interjection Adjective
Verb Preposition Adverb Conjunction
1. _____________________ They attended the concert last weekend.

2. _____________________ Several cats ran into Rob’s garage.
3. _____________________ The truck driver delivered the package quickly.
4. _____________________ Fast runners won all the awards at the track meet.
5. _____________________ My friend and I walked home after school.
6. _____________________ I wanted a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch.
7. _____________________ She was counting the ballots during civics class.
8. _____________________ Hey! That was my seat.
9. _____________________ Will they finish the test on time?
10. _____________________ The diagram was fairly complicated.
11. _____________________ He will practice his musical piece soon.
12. _____________________ Ronnie saw the awesome sight from the air.
13. _____________________ Her sister is the oldest member of the group.
14. _____________________ Check the score, Tom.
15. _____________________ Will the students find the answers themselves?
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16. _____________________ The child asked for the bike and the scooter.
17. _____________________ They slowly carried the couch down the stairs.
18. _____________________ Sherry talked on the phone until midnight.
19. _____________________ Hurray! Our team has finally scored a goal.
20. _____________________ The troops scattered throughout the woods.
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Figures of Speech
 The language that we use can be:
o Literal (factual): this means exactly what the words say.
o Figurative: this means using figures of speech to compare or suggest things in an
imaginative way. Figurative speech is used to create images in the readers or listeners mind.
 Examples of figures of speech include:
Figure of Speech: Description: Example:
Alliteration is the use of repeated She sells sea
ALLITERATION consonant sounds (any sound that is shells on the sea
not a vowel) at the beginning of words shore.
to create an effect.
It is often used to give the feeling of
movement or sound and adds to the
rhythm of the text.
This is the repeated use of vowel The rain in Spain

ASSONANCE sounds in words. This can be at the falls mainly on
beginning or in the middle of words. the plain.
The clouds
towered over the
crowd as the
people cowered,
awed by their
power.
Onomatopoeia is a sound device using The bee buzzed

ONOMATOPOEIA a word that sounds like the thing it is around the
describing. It echoes the real-life kitchen.
sound. The meaning of the word is the
sound it tries to re-create.
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A simile is a direct comparison, which Her hair was like
SIMILE uses the words “like” or “as” to make silk.
the comparison.
A metaphor is an indirect She is a busy

METAPHOR comparison, which does not use bee.
“like” or “as”. It is a statement rather
than a comparison.
Personification describes a non- The stars

PERSONIFICATION human object, animal or idea by winked at us in
giving it human qualities or abilities. the sky.
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Activity 33:
Identify whether the following are examples of similes, metaphors or personifications.
1. He was as cunning as a fox. __________________
2. The birds gossiped noisily in the trees. __________________
3. The sea was beckoning them to join him. __________________
4. Joanna is the Einstein of the school. __________________
5. He is a tower of strength. __________________
6. The monkeys were as bold as brass. __________________
7. The waterhole is as dry as bone. __________________
8. She was a tortoise in the race. __________________
9. The clouds cried over the dry land. __________________
Activity 34:
Complete the similes below by choosing the most suitable word from the table below.
gold sugar ice ox lightning
cucumber mouse lion feather bee
1. As cool as a __________________.
2. As sweet as __________________.
3. As brave as a __________________.
4. As quiet as a __________________.
5. As cold as __________________.
6. As light as a __________________.
7. As good as __________________.
8. As fast as __________________.
9. As busy as a __________________.
10. As strong as an __________________.
Activity 35:
Personify the following objects by giving them human qualities or abilities.
1. sun
2. a car
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Activity 36:
Identify if the words in the table below are examples of onomatopoeia, alliteration or assonance. NB
some words could be examples of more than one sound device.
Onomatopoeia Assonance Alliteration
Silly Sid slid on the lid.
The fleet was asleep on its feet.
The ragged rascal ran around the rugged rocks.
Peter Perfect picked a pretty pear.
Clickety clack, train on the track.
Bang bang, boom boom!
Tick tock, goes the clock.
Jingle, jangle.
The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain.
“Rat-a-tat-tat,” said the man in the hat.
Activity 37:
Insert a word starting with the same consonant (alliteration) or using the same vowel sounds
(assonance) as the words in the sentences to complete the sentence or phrase.
1. Lazy Larry __________________ loudly.
2. Happy Harry __________________ home.
3. On the east beach there was a __________________.
4. The blue __________________ in June.
5. Lazy __________________ lounging likes lumps.
PROVERBS AND IDIOMS

PROVERBS
 A proverb is a wise saying or expression that is widely used.
 It states a basic or general truth and gives advice or a warning.
 For example: Look before you leap. This proverb tells us to be careful before we do things.
 Examples of Proverbs:
o Let bygones be bygones – forgive and forget past quarrels.
o Never say die – never give up.
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o Two wrongs don’t make a right – it is wrong to harm someone because they have harmed
you.
o Where there’s a will, there’s a way – a person who is determined will find a way to achieve
something.
o One good turn, deserves another – help people who help you.
IDIOMS
 An idiom is a group of words that when put together, has a figurative (not literal) meaning.
 Examples of Idioms:
o A piece of cake – easy.
o To drive someone up the wall – to irritate or annoy a person.
o A blessing in disguise – something good that was not seen at first.
o To have a chip on the shoulder – to be upset about something that happened in the past
and using to inform the present situation.
o To go the extra mile – to go above and beyond what is expected.
Activity 38:
Identify whether the expressions in the sentences below are examples of proverbs or idioms.
1. Every cloud has a silver lining. __________________
2. Neither here nor there. __________________.
3. Boys will be boys. __________________.
4. Clear the air. __________________.
5. Great oaks grow from little acorns. __________________.
6. Every rose has its thorn. __________________.
7. Bite the dust. __________________.
8. A wild goose chase. __________________.
9. A storm in a teacup. __________________.
10. Home is where the heart is. __________________.
Activity 39:
Complete the sentence so that the proverbs make sense.
1. Actions speak louder ____________________________________.
2. Practise makes ____________________________________.
3. Where there’s a will ____________________________________.
4. Blood is thicker than ____________________________________.
5. Two wrongs ____________________________________.
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Say what type of figurative language has been used in each sentence, (alliteration, assonance,
onomatopoeia, simile, metaphor, personification)
1. The cereal went SNAP, CRACKLE, POP when he poured in the milk at breakfast.
____________________________________
2. The leaves whistled in the rain. ____________________________________
3. Her face turned as red as a beetroot when she tripped on her way onto the stage.
____________________________________
4. The moon was a bright ball of smoke in the night sky.
____________________________________
5. Linda liked laughing and licking lollipops. ____________________________________
6. The car died on the side of the road when it ran out of gas.
____________________________________
7. She was treated like a queen on her birthday. ____________________________________
8. The blue moon in June. ____________________________________
9. Her mother was a teddy bear and everyone loved her.
____________________________________
10. There was a tremendously loud CRASH outside my window.
____________________________________
A. Below are common proverbs dealing with animals. The animals have been left out of the
proverbs. Write the correct animal from the word bank in the blank spaces to complete the
sayings.
birds horse dogs cats dogs pigs worm
chickens goats mice donkeys leopard hyena fish
sharks birds seagulls
1. You can lead a __________________ to the water but you can’t make it drink.
2. Let sleeping __________________ lie.
3. The early bird catches the __________________.
4. When the cat’s away, the __________________ will play.
5. A __________________ in the hand is worth two in the bush.
6. A __________________ never changes its spots.
7. There are plenty of __________________ in the sea.
8. Don’t count your __________________ before they hatch.
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9. Barking __________________ seldom bite.
10. __________________ of a feather flock together.
B. Circle the idiom in each sentence below.
1. Sharon had butterflies in her stomach before the championship game.
2. Once in every blue moon do you fail to succeed.
3. Now the player has a chip on his shoulder.
4. Last night it was raining cats and dogs.
5. My parents rolled out the red carpet for our visiting relatives.
6. When I tried to get into the good school, the process involved a lot of red tape.
7. The athlete is as fit as a fiddle.
8. I am having a field day with my final exam.
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Punctuation
 The use of capital letters, full stops, commas, colons, semicolons, question marks, exclamation
marks, quotation marks and apostrophes is called punctuation.
 The table below describes the main types of punctuation marks that are used:
Punctuation Mark: Description: Example:
 The first word of a sentence begins with Thabo lives in
CAPITAL a capital letter. Maputo.
 Proper nouns also start with a capital The girl asked,
LETTERS letter. “May I go to
 The first word of direct speech starts Susan’s house this
with a capital letter. weekend?”
A full stop is a dot used to show the end of a Erin and Joanne
FULL STOP ( . ) sentence. dance at the party.
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 A comma is a pause within a sentence Let’s eat,
COMMA ( , ) that assists with the meaning. Grandma!
 A comma is used between items in a I bought sweets,
list. chips, gum and
 We can use a comma before a fruit.
conjunction. I travel to Spain,
 A comma often shows where one but my mom
phrase ends and another begins. travels to
Germany.
Mr Elliot, who is
the inspector, will
investigate the
case.
 A colon is used after a complete Erin has many
COLON ( : ) sentence to introduce an idea, skills: typing,
explanation or list of items. singing, cooking
 It is also used before a quote. and dancing.
Mark Twain said:
“Age is a question
of mind over
matter.”
A question mark is used at the end of a Where has the cat

QUESTION question sentence. gone?
Did you sleep
MARK ( ? ) well?
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An exclamation mark is used at the end of a Watch out!
EXCLAMATION sentence or short phrase that expresses a Don’t do that!
strong feeling.
MARK ( ! )
 Inverted commas (or speech marks) are Thabo said, “I am

INVERTED also known as quotation marks. excited about the
COMMAS ( “ ” )  They are used to show the beginning

and end of spoken words, i.e., direct
production.”
Jane said, “It’s a
speech. nice, sunny day.”
 Direct speech has an introductory clause, “It’s a nice, sunny
with a verb such as “said” or “asked”. This day,” Jane said.
is always followed by a comma.
 If the spoken words are placed before the
verb, they are always followed by a
comma, question mark or exclamation
mark, but never a full stop.
 An apostrophe is used to join two words We have – we’ve

APOSTROPHE together to indicate how they are said Could not –
(‘) 
in spoken (informal) language.
The shortened word is called a
couldn’t
Have not – haven’t
contraction. The apostrophe replaces My mom’s
the letter or letters that have been necklace has a
removed. long chain.
 An apostrophe is also used to show Sarah’s car is blue.
possession. The girls’ dads are
 The ‘ before the s is used when the noun playing rugby.
is singular (one person). The horses’ tails
 If the noun is in the plural (more than one were swaying in
person), the ‘ is placed after the s. the wind.
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Activity 40:
Punctuate each sentence correctly.
1. what are you going to do today kylie
2. what an amazing goal
3. i am going to go home if I finish my school work on time
4. i hate it
5. when are you going to go shopping in birmingham
6. i live in smithwick in a house just off brasshouse lane
7. stop that now
8. who has left this mess on the table in my classroom
9. do you attend boston private school
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10. london is the capital city of england, in the united kingdom
Activity 41:
Punctuate the following sentences, inserting colons, commas and capital letters.
1. charles dickens wrote ‘a tale of two cities’ ‘little dorrit’ ‘a christmas carol’ and ‘bleak house’
amongst others.
2. exams will take place this week monday tuesday before break thursday afternoon and friday in
place of assembly.
3. the guests arrived early lady ponsonbly in diamonds and a white fur coat lord picklenoze with a
glamourous girl on each arm mr carruthers with half the contents of a bottle of whisky already
under his belt and the luscious honourable miss hilly flower in a very short very shiny dress.
Activity 42:
Rewrite the following pair of words with apostrophes to show possession.
1. backpack Sam
2. roof homes
3. computer Cindy
4. shoes Steven
5. hair Jennifer
6. car Michael
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7. bat Alex
8. cup Sarah
9. colours children
10. crayons kid
11. dog family
12. cat woman
Activity 43:
Contract the following words.
He is We are Does not
You will They have Have not
It will We would When is
Shall not Should not Can not
You are Would not They will
We will I am Did not
Were not I will She would
Could not Let us
Who is Will not
Are not Do not
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

When we write, we can use either direct or indirect speech.
DIRECT SPEECH
 Direct speech uses the exact words of the speaker.
 To show that we are using direct speech, we put the spoken words in inverted
commas/quotation marks (“”)
 The actual words spoken are put inside the inverted commas and the first word always
begins with a capital letter.
o She said, “Let’s go to the park later.”
 Punctuation rules for direct speech are summarised below:
o Quotation marks – used to indicate the spoken words. (Bill said, “I am angry.”)
o Comma – used directly after the word ‘said’ or ‘says’ if not at the end of the sentence. (Bill
said, “I am angry.”)
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o Full stops, question marks and exclamation marks – used at the end of the sentence and
inside the quotation marks. (Bill said, “I am angry.”)
o Capital letters – used at the beginning of the sentence, for proper nouns and the first word of
whatever is said in inverted commas. (Bill said, “I am angry.”)
 In cartoons, speech bubbles are used for direct speech instead of quotation marks.
 Normal punctuation is also used.
INDIRECT SPEECH
 Indirect or reported speech is used to retell or report what someone else has said.
 We do not use quotation marks in indirect speech.
 The word that is often used in indirect speech.
 As you are reporting back what someone said in the past, so your sentence must read in the
past tense.
o She said, “I am going home.”  She said that she was going home.
 Remember the following rules when converting from direct to indirect speech:
o Take out the inverted commas, question and exclamation marks, as well as the capital letter
at the start of the speech (unless a proper noun), as all types of sentences (questions,
commands and exclamations) change to statements.
o Put the name of the person who spoke (or pronoun) at the beginning of the sentence.
o Use a verb (following the name) such as said, told, replied, or asked.
o The word that is often used after the verb, or whether, or if, when it is a question.
o Change the verb to past tense.
o Some words such as pronouns will change.
o Adverbs of time and place will also change.
 Yesterday – the previous day.
 Today – yesterday.
 Tomorrow – the next/following day.
 Here – there.
 This – that.
 Now – then.
 Will – would.
 “It will be a better day tomorrow,” I hoped.  I hoped that it would be a better day the next day.
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Activity 44:
Punctuate the following sentences using direct speech.
1. ben said my brother attended that school
2. the crocodile grabbed the buck as it jumped into the river she exclaimed
3. my granny fell on the icy path and broke her wrist joanne said
4. judith asked is there a lot of work for homework today
5. we dont need to pack a lunch today she replied
Activity 45:
Rewrite the sentences by changing from direct speech to indirect speech.
1. “My mother is writing a letter,” he said.
2. “Why are my jeans so tight?” she asked.
3. “I want to go get my report,” she said.
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4. “I want to buy a new pair of shoes,” she said.
5. “Where are your school shoes?” My mom asked.
Activity 46:
Rewrite the sentences by changing them from indirect speech to direct speech.
1. He said that he was hungry.
2. She said that she was so happy to be an artist.
3. He asked if he could go to the movies.
4. They replied that they were keen to finish the project.
5. He said that it was hot outside.
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Activity 47:
Punctuate the following paragraph correctly.
theres more magic and power in those things in that brown bag than in all the rest of the world put
together the old man said softly but what are they james murmured finding his voice at last. where
do they come from. ah-ha the old man whispered youd never guess that he was crouching a little
now and pushing his face closer to james until the tip of his long nose was actually touching the skin
on james’s forehead
ABBREVIATIONS
 An abbreviation is a shortened word that we use when writing in order to save time.
 There are three types of abbreviations:
o Initialism – pronounced as letters (TV, ATM)
o Truncated words – words that have been shortened (doc – doctor)
o Acronyms – made up of the first letters of a string of words. An acronym is pronounced as
a word. (AIDS – acquired immune deficiency syndrome)
Activity 48:
Say what type of abbreviation each one is.
1. NASA __________________
2. HIV __________________
3. Tues __________________
4. DVD __________________
5. UNISA __________________
6. Mr __________________
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7. BP __________________
8. Aug __________________
9. USA __________________
10. Dr __________________
HOMONYMS
 Homonyms are words that are spelt and usually pronounced in the same way, but have different
meanings.
o “bat”
 I played cricket with a bat. I saw a bat in the cave.
HOMOPHONES
 Homophones are words that sound the same when spoken, but are spelt differently and have a
different meaning.
o I will meet with you tomorrow. I like to braai meat on the fire.
Activity 49:
Choose the correct homophone.
1. It was __________________ o’clock before I __________________ a morsel of food. (ate/eight)
2. He hid the __________________ amount of his savings in a deep __________________.
(hole/whole)
3. When you __________________ that red __________________ it will grow into a tree.
(berry/bury)
4. It was an __________________ later that __________________ boat departed from the quay.
(our/hour)
5. Everyone __________________ that he bought a __________________ bicycle. (new/knew)
6. She __________________ the title on the cover of the __________________ book. (red/read)
7. The trainer __________________ that the players __________________ is fractured.
(nose/knows)
8. The ram and the __________________ stood near the __________________ tree. (yew/ewe)
9. Harry __________________ like to go for a nature walk through the __________________.
(wood/would)
10. She __________________ the ball __________________ the window. (through/threw)
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Activity 50:
Choose the correct word.
1. Grate / great – Which belongs to a fireplace? __________________
2. Teem / team – Which is a group of people? __________________
3. Pair / pear / pare – Which is a fruit? __________________
4. Leek / leak – Which is a vegetable? __________________
5. Bow / bough – Which is a branch? __________________
Activity 51:
Write the homonyms.
1. Seven days __________________ Feeble __________________
2. Sixty minutes __________________ Belonging to us __________________
3. Expensive __________________ An animal __________________
4. Shines in the sky __________________ A male child __________________
5. Pull (e.g. a car) __________________ Of the foot __________________
6. Tied to the mast __________________ Selling of goods __________________
7. A story __________________ Part of a dog __________________
8. Useless __________________ Blood vessel __________________
9. Seaside __________________ Type of tree __________________
10. An animal __________________ Of the head __________________
Activity 52:
Write down three sets of homonyms. Use each one in a sentence to show their meaning.
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Activity 53:
Choose the correct homophone.
Goldilocks
Once upon a time (an/a) __________________ little girl called Goldilocks went for a walk in the
(wood/would) __________________. She did not (know/no) __________________ that there were
dangerous animals in the (wood/would) __________________. Suddenly she came upon a little
house.
“(I/Me) __________________ wonder who lives (here/hear) __________________,” she thought.
“(There/Their) __________________ doesn’t seem to be anyone about.” She knocked on the door
and walked in. In front (of/off) __________________ her (where/were) __________________ three
bowls of steaming porridge. She tasted the first one and screamed, “This porridge is (to/too)
__________________ hot (to/too) __________________ eat!” There were (two/to)
__________________ left so she tasted another (won/one) __________________. “Yuk! This
porridge is (to/too) __________________ sweet!” she shouted. There (were/was)
__________________ one bowl left so she tasted that one. “Mmm! This porridge is just (write/right)
__________________!” she said. Goldilocks was so tired that she fell asleep in a small bed. She
did not know that the three (Bears/Bares) __________________ who lived (there/their)
__________________ had returned from their walk in the woods. Father Bear shouted “Who (are/is)
__________________ sleeping in Baby Bear’s bed?” Mother Bear shouted “Who (do/does)
__________________ she think she is?” Goldilocks jumped up and ran away. Baby Bear shouted
after her, “Next time (bye/buy) __________________ your own porridge!” Poor Goldilocks! She
(done/did) __________________ not (no/know) __________________ what she had (did/done)
__________________ wrong!
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PLURALS
 A noun can be either in singular or plural form.
o Singular means only one.
o Plural means more than one.
 There are many different rules when changing a noun from singular to plural.
 Most common rules for changing a singular noun to a plural noun are described below:
o For some words you only need to add “s” to the word to make it plural. If a word ends in “o”,
it sometimes ends in “s”.
 E.g. desk  desks; piano  pianos.
o For nouns ending in “s”, “ss”, “x”, “ch” or “sh”, we add “es” to make them plural. If a
word ends in “o”, it sometimes ends in “es”.
 E.g. beach  beaches; tomato  tomatoes.
o If the word ends in “f” or “fe” and it sounds like “v” in the plural, we change the “f” or “fe”
to “v” before adding “es”.
 E.g. leaf  leaves; thief  thieves.
o If you can hear the “f” when saying the plural, then you usually just add “s”.
 E.g. chef  chefs; roof  roofs.
o If the word ends in “y” and it sounds like a vowel (i.e., it is said as “ee” or “i") drop the “y”
and add “ies”.
 E.g. lady  ladies; berry  berries.
o We add “s” after the “y” if there is a vowel before the “y”.
 E.g. monkey  monkeys; key  keys.
o Irregular nouns don’t follow the rules and have their own set of rules when it comes to plurals.
 E.g. goose  geese; child  children.
o For compound nouns, the main noun takes the floral form. When a preposition is added, the
word before the preposition takes the plural.
 E.g. alarm clock  alarm clocks.
o For some nouns ending in “us” (mainly Latin words) change the “us” to “i".
 E.g. cactus  cacti
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Activity 54:
Rewrite these sentences in the plural.
1. The boy put the cake in the oven.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. The farmer lifted the rock from the field.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. The cook prepared the dish in the oven.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. The man put the box in the van.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. His uncle gave him the watch.
___________________________________________________________________________
6. The class found the shell on the beach.
___________________________________________________________________________
7. The bird flew from the bush.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. The plumber fixed the pipe in the cottage.
___________________________________________________________________________
Activity 55:
Change each of these singular nouns into plural nouns.
1. Book: __________________ 8. Child: __________________
2. Fox: __________________ 9. Ox: __________________
3. Baby: _________________ 10. Goose: __________________
4. Monkey: __________________ 11. Fish: __________________
5. Calf: __________________ 12. Table: __________________
6. Man: __________________ 13. Box: __________________
7. Mouse: __________________ 14. Lady: __________________
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PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
The core part of a word is called its root.
What comes before the root is called the prefix.
What comes after the root is called the suffix.
Prefix (before) Root (core) Suffix (after)
en joy ment
= enjoyment
PREFIXES
A prefix is something that is put before the word which changes the meaning or makes a new word.
It is placed at the beginning of the word.
Examples:
a. “dis” means not, e.g. disappear.
b. “pre” means before, e.g. prefix.
c. “co” means together or unite, e.g. cooperate.
SUFFIXES
A suffix is something that is put after the word which changes its meaning or makes a new word. It
is placed at the end of the word.
Examples:
a. “-able/ible” means able to be, e.g. capable.
b. “-less” means without, e.g. homeless.
c. “-ful” means full of, e.g. beautiful.
Activity 56:
Add a prefix to the words below.
1. _______like 2. _______cycle 3. _______phone
4. _______happy 5. _______historic 6. _______agree
7. _______proper 8. _______complete 9. _______satisfied
10. _______possible 11. _______regular 12. _______school
13. _______behave 14. _______obey 15. _______known
Activity 57:
Fill in the blank. Add a suffix to the word in brackets. Use er, or, ness, ment, ion, ist, ance or ence.
1. David is a great __________________. (drum)
2. Magic Johnson was a fabulous basketball __________________. (play)
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3. The __________________ (bright) of the sun made me put on my baseball cap.
4. My baseball card __________________ (collect) is very expensive.
5. I received an __________________ (accept) letter from the academy of arts.
6. The teacher wants to see a great __________________ (improve) in my grades this month.
7. The cornerback had pass __________________ (interfere) on the biggest play of the game.
8. I want to file a __________________ (grieve) against the company that didn’t pay me.
9. I want to experience much __________________ (happy) in my life because I work so hard.
10. The boy can be an __________________ (annoy) his sister when he is sad.
SENTENCES
 A sentence is a group of words that completes a thought or an idea.
 It is made up of a subject, object and verb.
 The subject is the person, place, thing or idea that the sentence is about.
 The object is the receiver of the action in a sentence. i.e. has something done to it.
 A verb is the word showing the action or state of being in the sentence, such as: swim, kick,
is, are, dance, etc.
Sentence Subject Verb Object
My gran knitted a jersey. my gran knitted a jersey
My aunt ran the marathon. my aunt ran the marathon
The girl wrote a book. the girl wrote a book
SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

Sentences can be classified as simple, compound or complex, as described below.
1. Simple Sentences: A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make up a sentence:
a subject, a verb and a completed thought. It has one clause and explains one simple idea.
Examples:
a. Megan plays netball every Friday.
b. Bob works in an office.
2. Compound Sentences: A compound sentence has two independent clauses (or simple
sentences) joined by a coordinating conjunction, such as: and, but, or, for, nor, so, yet. Both
clauses stand on their own, without the conjunction. A compound sentence is used for more
complicated ideas and it has more than one verb.
Examples:
a. My brother is going to drama club and I am going swimming.
b. My brother likes to swim, but I prefer waterpolo.
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3. Complex Sentences: A complex sentence also has a main clause and one or more
subordinate clause/s, which are joined by subordinating conjunctions, such as: although,
even though, like, etc. In a complex sentence, the clauses are not equal and the “smaller”
clause generally cannot stand on its own.
Examples:
a. Although she was fit, she was still exhausted after the race.
b. I often feel sick when I go on a long car journey, because I like to read at the same time.
TYPES OF SENTENCES
1. Question Sentences: A question is a sentence that needs to be answered. A question starts
with a capital letter and ends with a question mark.
Examples:
a. Was the bus full?
b. Are you coming over this weekend?
2. Statement Sentences: A statement is a type of sentence that tells us something or gives us
information. A statement starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.
Examples:
a. It was very hot that day.
b. She went to the shops that afternoon.
3. Exclamation Sentences: An exclamation is a sentence that expresses an emotion, such as

fear, anger or surprise. Exclamations are sometimes one-word sentences. An exclamation
starts with a capital letter and ends with an exclamation mark.
Examples:
a. Don’t do that!
b. Ouch!
4. Command Sentences: A command is a sentence that is used to tell someone to do

something, or to give an order. Commands can end with a full stop or an exclamation mark.
Examples:
a. Watch the ball!
b. Wash the dishes before dinner.
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Activity 58:
Identify whether the sentences in the table below are simple, compound or complex sentences. Tick
the correct block.
Sentence Simple Compound Complex
1. He is good at Maths.
2. He is good at Maths and he plays a lot of sport.
3. I like playing tennis but I love dancing, especially on the
stage.
4. Although I like playing tennis, I prefer to dance.
5. Even though I am feeling better, I am not swimming
today.
6. She was very ill but much better now.
7. She was very ill.
8. The weather was cold that day.
9. The weather was cold that day but we still had a picnic.
10. Even though the weather was cold that day, we still has
a picnic and danced on the lawn.
Activity 59:
Identify what type of sentence each one is (question, statement, exclamation or command).
1. The students wanted to go on a field trip. __________________
2. Sit down and be quiet! __________________
3. Oh no! __________________
4. The dog slept in the sun. __________________
5. Why are you late? __________________
6. Where are you going? __________________
7. Not again! __________________
8. I am going to my friend’s house later. __________________
Activity 60:
Write the correct punctuation mark at the end of each sentence. Then say what type of sentence it
is (question, statement, exclamation or command)
1. On his trip, Mark has to do geometry problems__ __________________
2. Where is his school__ __________________
3. His mother insists that he work everyday__ __________________
4. Does anyone know how it feels to pass Grade 5__ __________________
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5. Pay attention and do some work, Ben__ __________________
6. Wow, what a wonderful cake__ __________________
7. Ouch, I hurt my knee__ __________________
8. Do we have school tomorrow__ __________________
9. Turn off the lights and close the door__ __________________
10. It is going to be a sunny day tomorrow__ __________________
Activity 61:
Underline the following paragraph according to the colours listed below.
Statements = blue; Questions = green; Exclamations = purple; Commands = yellow
On the first day of school, I met my teacher. My teacher’s name is Mrs. Wong. She is so nice! We
talked about the rules and she asked many questions. These are some of the questions she asked
our class. What would you like to learn this year? Are you excited about grade five? What is your
favourite thing about school? What are some of the things you are interested in? After answering
these questions we began reading a book by Bob Smith. I loved the book! I was very interested in
the main character. She hated cursive! Then we had discussion time and talked about some of the
things we will learn in grade five this year. Our teacher then said, “Pack your bags!” I really enjoyed
the first day of school!
SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

A subject and predicate is used to form a complete sentence. A subject is who or what the sentence
is about. A predicate is the action the subject does in the sentence. The predicate always begins
with a verb.
Activity 62:
Circle the subject and underline the predicate in each sentence.
1. The tree branches swayed in the afternoon wind.
2. My sister is performing in the spring play.
3. I walk to school every morning with my mom and dog.
4. The squirrel ran along the back wall.
5. I biked to the grocery store with my dad.
6. On Saturday, we went to the park to play kickball.
7. Tommy and Grace played in the backyard tree house.
8. John received a gift from his grandmother.
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9. Their parents are travelling to Europe this summer.
10. The horse trotted across the open field.
11. His best friend is incredibly smart!
12. I can run faster than any other student at my school.
Activity 63:
Add a subject to each group of words.
1. __________________ walked to the assembly.
2. __________________ spoke to the crowd.
3. __________________ went to class in the morning.
4. __________________ was happy for her students.
5. __________________ were relieved that they won the game.
Activity 64:
Add a predicate to each group of words.
1. The horses ______________________________________________________.
2. The baseball team ______________________________________________________.
3. The man ______________________________________________________.
4. The joggers ______________________________________________________.
5. My best friend ______________________________________________________.
Activity 65:
Underline the subject, circle the verb and put a block around the predicate in each sentence.
1. Four of my friends had won tickets to the One Direction concert.
2. This car is powered by solar batteries.
3. At the back of your literature book is a glossary of literary terms.
4. The world’s second-largest continent is Africa.
5. George will have already left for the movies.
6. Do you ever watch the game show, Noot vir Noot?
7. At the bookstore the mystery writer will autograph copies of her new novel.
8. One of my favourite sports is basketball.
9. Tonight we can sleep in our tents.
10. Daniel sent the package to me by parcel post.
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SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS
Synonyms are words with a similar or the same meaning. E.g. sleepy  tired.
Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. E.g. rich  poor.
Activity 66:
Read each sentence below. Write a synonym for each of the underlined words on the lines provided.
1. I will talk with my brother. __________________
2. My teacher is very smart. __________________
3. I wanted to relax on the weekend. __________________
4. That was a hilarious joke. __________________
5. The drink stained the carpet. __________________
6. I felt sick because I ate too much food. __________________
7. My mother was mad at me for not finishing my work. __________________
8. We had to leave through the back door. __________________
9. I wore a cap to the baseball game. __________________
10. I had to run five kilometres. __________________
Activity 67:
Read each sentence below. Write an antonym for each of the underlined words on the lines
provided.
1. The day was cold and dark. __________________
2. Cory laid his head down on the hard pillow. __________________
3. The maths test was very difficult. __________________
4. I took the dull pencil from my pencil box. __________________
5. My mother braids my straight hair in the morning. __________________
6. Carl’s game is better than Simon’s game. __________________
7. Aidan bought a new car this weekend. __________________
8. The orange tasted incredibly sweet. __________________
9. Courtney placed the warm towel on her head. __________________
10. The horse trotted down the straight path. __________________
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Activity 68:
Write a synonym as well as an antonym for each word in the table below.
Synonym Antonym
hot
happy
tired
fast
cry
clever
tall
fat
THE TENSES
A tense shows us when something took place, i.e. in the past, present or future. There are three
main tenses. They are present, past and future tense. Tense is decided by the verb in the
sentence. We change the form of the verb to show if the tense is past, present or future. The
present tense describes something that is happening now, today, this year or in recent times. The
past tense describes something that has already happened. The future tense describes something
that is going to happen.
PRESENT TENSE
1. Simple Present Tense: a simple sentence written in the present.
Examples:
a. I walk the dog.
b. He walks the dog.
c. We walk the dog.
2. Present Continuous Tense: used for things that are still happening in the present, i.e. at the
moment or ongoing. We use the auxiliary verbs “am”, “are”, and “is” for the present continuous
tense and the main verbs ends in “ing”.
Examples:
a. I am walking the dog.
b. He is walking the dog.
c. We are walking the dog.
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PAST TENSE
1. Simple Past Tense: a simple sentence written in the past. The main verb will change form from
the present tense.
Examples:
a. I walked the dog.
b. He walked the dog.
c. We walked the dog.
2. Past Continuous Tense: shows us something that was happening in the past, over a period of
time. We use the auxiliary verbs “were” or “was” for the past continuous tense and the main
verb ends in “ing”.
Examples:
a. I was walking the dog.
b. He was walking the dog.
c. We were walking the dog.
FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple Future Tense: a simple sentence written in the future. We use the auxiliary verbs “will”
or “shall”. We use “shall” when we start a sentence with “I” or “We”.
Examples:
a. I shall walk the dog.
b. He will walk the dog.
c. We shall walk the dog.
2. Future Continuous Tense: shows us that something will be happening over a period of time.
We use the auxiliary verbs “will” and “be” or “shall” and “be” for the future continuous tense
and the main verb ends in “ing”.
Examples:
a. I shall (or will) be walking the dog.
b. He will be walking the dog.
c. We shall (or will) be walking the dog.
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Activity 69:
Complete the sentences below in the simple present tense using the verbs in the table.
built arose bled burnt felt
got gave led sold told
wrote worked swam taught passed
walked kicked visited finished turned
1. I __________________ early and __________________ in the lake.

2. The teacher __________________ me well so I __________________.
3. He __________________ happy and __________________ his friend a hug.
4. I __________________ on the oven and __________________ my hand.
5. I __________________ the soccer ball and __________________ my friend to kick it back.
6. We __________________ to my gran’s house and __________________ her.
7. I __________________ till late and __________________ all the biscuits.
8. My teacher __________________ us to the cake sale where we __________________
cupcakes.
9. He __________________ to class and __________________ a story.
10. The boy cut his finger and __________________ on his newly __________________ Lego toy
car.
Activity 70:
Change the following sentences below from past continuous tense to future continuous tense.
Example: He was shouting at the bully.  He will be shouting at the bully.
1. We were waiting for the bus.

___________________________________________________________________________
2. She was falling down the stairs.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. They were baking a cake.
___________________________________________________________________________
4. I was playing guitar in the band.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. They were singing in the concert.

___________________________________________________________________________
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6. He was laughing at the joke.

___________________________________________________________________________
7. The boys were talking in class.
___________________________________________________________________________
8. I was skipping on the pavement.
___________________________________________________________________________
DICTIONARY WORK
Activity 71:
Put the following words into alphabetical order.
fireworks invisible bling money costumes
sequins waffles award slime giggling
lake last lace laugh lavish

lay land law late lady
Activity 72:
Match the words to their meaning. Use a dictionary to help you.
alien doughnut asteroid vacant mascot
slime transatlantic draughtsman barbarian official
1. A primitive or uncivilized person. __________________

2. A person, animal or thing considered to bring good luck. __________________
3. A small cake of sweetened dough cooked in hot fat. __________________
4. Soft, runny mud. __________________
5. Any of the small planets that orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter. __________________
6. Unoccupied or not being used. __________________
7. Creature from another planet. __________________
8. Person employed to make detailed scale drawings. __________________
9. Position of authority. __________________
10. On of from the other side of the Atlantic. __________________
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Revision Test 1:
1. What is an adjective?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Write an adjective to describe the noun in each sentence.

a. She was wearing a __________________ dress.
b. There were __________________ children in the __________________ classroom.
c. We ate __________________ eggs for breakfast.
d. Paul has two __________________ dogs.
e. They lived in a __________________ house.
3. What is a verb?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Circle the verbs in the sentences below.

a. I went to sleep after dinner.
b. Tom played soccer after school.
c. Mandy ate her lunch at home.
d. He caught a butterfly in the net.
e. Mom picked flowers in the garden.
5. What is an adverb?
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Say whether the underlined word is an adjective or an adverb.

a. Marilyn is a quiet person. __________________
b. I answer the phone excitedly. __________________
c. The lady buys clothes from the shop regularly. __________________
d. She is a regular customer. __________________
e. My mom is sympathetic. __________________
f. She listens kindly. __________________
g. The wind was howling. __________________
7. Form adverbs with the following words.

a. Angry - __________________________
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b. Careful - _________________________
c. Easy - ___________________________
d. Loud - ___________________________
e. Quiet - ___________________________
f. Patient - _________________________
8. Underline the adverb in each sentence and say whether it shows manner, place or time.
a. We are going on a lovely holiday next week. __________________
b. The people in the stadium always cheer. __________________
c. He was so hungry at the dinner table, that he ate his food greedily. __________________
d. The girl danced well yesterday. __________________
e. She was so excited when she got here. __________________
f. I start exams tomorrow. __________________
g. I put the book down there. __________________
h. The flowers were growing beautifully. __________________
i. I am going to the concert on Monday. __________________
9. Change these sentences from indirect speech to direct speech.

a. My sister said she has a lot to do before bed time.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. Peter announced that the weather was not good to go fishing.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
c. My teacher said that we would pass our exams if we studied hard.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10. Change these sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.

a. “I will watch the film tomorrow” said Mike.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. “Where are you going? It is very late!” yelled Ryan.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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c. “I have a terrible headache from not wearing a hat” said Hayley.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11. What is a noun?
___________________________________________________________________________
12. Circle the common nouns and underline the proper nouns.
book camera dog Mr Happy umbrella
Aunty Sam eraser Mount Everest bicycle boy
Joe’s Candy river town Atlantic Ocean
13. Write down the collective nous for the following:

a. Ants: __________________
b. Buffalo: __________________
c. Camels: __________________
d. Cats: __________________
e. Hens: __________________
f. Books: __________________
g. Angels: __________________
h. Soldiers: __________________
i. Flowers: __________________
j. Tools: __________________
14. Punctuation: Read the story and write it out using correct punctuation. Use a coloured pen or
pencil to show your corrections.
one day thomas declared he was going to visit his aunt mabel in the united kingdom he hadn’t
seen her for such a long time and she was getting very old aunt mabel lived in salisbury in a
lovely little cottage that overlooked the meadows she had enjoyed the english summer and now
as autumn was approaching the leaves started to fall off the trees thomas lived in africa which
was far away and he was looking forward to surprising his aunt
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15. Write an antonym for each word.

a. Light - __________________
b. Angry - __________________
c. Smooth - __________________
d. Fresh - __________________
e. Massive - __________________
f. Entrance - __________________
g. Foolish - __________________
16. Write a synonym for each word.

a. Peaceful - __________________
b. Clever - __________________
c. Mellow - __________________
d. Elegant - __________________
e. Pretty - __________________
f. Sad - __________________
g. Consume - __________________
Revision Test 2:
Rewrite the following passage and punctuate it correctly. Use a coloured pen or pencil to show your
corrections.
do you know what “cats eyes” are they are the reflective studs in the road that reflect the cars
headlights so that drivers can be sure to stay on the road when visibility is poor
do you know who invented “cats eyes” a man called percy shaw invented them he was born in 1890
and came from a family of fourteen children percys job was to repair roads
one night he was driving home through thick fog it was frightening to drive in such conditions
suddenly percy saw two bright spots of light appear in front of the car then they disappeared percy
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realised that he has just seen a cat he had not seen the cats body but its eyes had reflected the light
coming from the cars headlights
this experience gave percy an idea over the next few months he spent hours experimenting in his
workshop he designed round glass studs that reflected the light from a cars headlight as the car
came towards them if a row of these studs was put down the centre of the road drivers would see
them and be able to drive safely especially in poor conditions
percy shaws invention is used throughout the world today
Revision Test 3:
1. Underline the adjectives and circle the adverbs in each sentence.
a. The black cat quickly chased after the mouse.
b. The handsome prince bravely fought the dragon.
c. The pretty girl cheerfully skipped around the park.
d. The old man walked slowly down the road.
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e. The tall girl sang loudly in the choir.
2. Choose the correct verb in the brackets.

a. The dogs ( chasing / chased ) the cat.
b. What ( are / is ) the problems?
c. The mouse ( like / likes ) cheese.
d. The girl ( rides / ride ) her bicycle.
e. The boy ( want / wants ) to buy a new toy.
3. Write down the subject, verb and the object in each sentence.
Sentence Subject Verb Object
Lisa played with her puppy.
Tony watched TV.
Nomsa ate a piece of cake.
The explorer reached the summit.
Vusi reads the newspaper everyday.
4. Change these sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.

a. The teacher said, “Class, please do all your homework tonight.”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. Jenny said, “Mrs Brown, I am feeling dizzy today.”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
c. “Why can’t I have another chocolate?” asked Sindele.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
d. Father asked, “Tim, have you tidied your room yet?”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
e. Shahida said, “My family and I are going on holiday today.”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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5. In the extract below, find an example of a homophone, a statement, a question and a command.
Anansi loved clams. He was too selfish to share his beautiful clams with anybody else so he
thought of a plan. Just as Turtle sat down at the table Anansi yelled at him, “Turtle, are your
hands clean? Go wash them!” Turtle went to the bathroom. He could hear Turtle washing his
hands right here in his house. While Turtle was washing his hands Anansi greedily gulped down
the clams.
a. Homophone: ____________________________________
b. Statement: ____________________________________
c. Question: ____________________________________
d. Command: ____________________________________
6. Read the sentences below and say whether they are questions, statements or commands.
a. Do you have brothers and sisters? __________________
b. Do not be late. __________________
c. My favourite book is Alice in Wonderland. __________________
d. Raise your hand. __________________
e. There is fruit in the kitchen. __________________
7. Fill in the missing gerund in the sentences below.

a. Vusi enjoys __________________ (sing) in the choir.
b. I like __________________ (read) poetry.
c. (swim) __________________ is my favourite sport.
d. (cook) __________________ is my hobby.
e. Mary likes __________________ (travel) to new countries.
8. State whether the following sentences are simple or compound sentences.

a. Nomsa rode her bicycle. __________________
b. I like birds and reptiles. __________________
c. Nancy reads novels and newspapers. __________________
d. Sam painted a picture. __________________
e. I wanted to buy new shoes, but I didn’t have money. __________________
9. Change the following sentences from direct speech to indirect speech.

a. Jabu said, “I have a lot of homework.”
________________________________________________________________________
69
b. Tim said, “I am going to Mark’s birthday party on Sunday.”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
10. Change the following sentences from indirect speech to direct speech.
a. Sipho said that he wants to be a teacher when he grows up.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. Bob said that he does not feel well.
________________________________________________________________________
c. The lion asked the mouse why he should save his life and not eat him.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
11. Circle the subject and underline the predicate in each sentence.
a. The tall, dark stranger ate chips.
b. Sandy failed her test by 1 mark.
c. The dog bit the postman.
d. The police arrested 3 people.
e. Sipho opened the door to the dining room.
12. Fill in the blanks with one of these determiners: some, any, someone, anyone, something, or no
one.
a. Isn’t there __________________ knocking at the door? I was sure I heard
__________________ out there.
b. I can’t carry __________________ more since both my hands are full. Can’t you ask
__________________ else to help you?
c. Did __________________ come near my desk while I was out? __________________
seems to be missing from my table.
d. No, __________________ is wrong. It is just that __________________ wants to see Mary,
and he won’t go away.
Revision Test 4:
1. Add conjunctions to the following sentences. Do NOT use the same conjunction twice.
a. __________________ my family __________________ the William’s family attended the
rally.
70
b. At night __________________ the cats __________________ the dogs wake us up.
c. Baboons must push lids off dustbins, __________________ they will go hungry.
d. Darren loves to play rugby, __________________ he does not like to be the flank.
e. Sean wanted to learn to play the guitar, __________________ his mother wanted him to
learn piano.
2. Choose the correct article to use in these sentences.

a. She will come back in __________________ hour.
b. I have invited __________________ Smiths to dinner tonight.
c. Have you been to __________________ top of Table Mountain?
d. I would like to talk to one of __________________ managers, please.
e. Please lock __________________ door when you leave.
f. What __________________ amazing view!
g. I had __________________ orange and __________________ apple in my lunchbox.
h. The helicopter landed on __________________ nearby roof.
i. This song has been on __________________ top 100 for weeks now.
3. Complete these questions using question words.

a. __________________ is Sipho’s birthday?
b. __________________ is better – this blue top or that pink one?
c. __________________ do you know all this information?
d. __________________ is he always late for school?
e. __________________ do you live?
4. Underline the proverbs and circle the idioms in these sentences. Each sentence is either an
idiom or a proverb, NOT both.
a. There’s no such thing as a free lunch.
b. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
c. Actions speak louder than words.
d. Don’t count your chickens before the eggs have hatched.
e. Keep going with your musical instrument because practice makes perfect.
5. Underline the similes and circle the metaphors in these sentences.

a. The teacher has eyes like a hawk.
b. My father is a rock.
71
c. That man is a snake.
d. That explanation was as clear as mud.
e. She ran as fast as a cheetah.
6. Rewrite these sentences in future continuous tense.

a. The paper is sorted into different piles.
________________________________________________________________________
b. We drove to the beach in Grandpa’s car.
________________________________________________________________________
7. Change the following sentences to the past tense.

a. She is going to the beach.
________________________________________________________________________
b. John eats an ice-cream every day.
________________________________________________________________________
c. They play tennis with their partners.

________________________________________________________________________
Revision Test 5:
1. Complete the following letter using the appropriate tense.
Dear Vicky,
I’m sorry I __________________ (not write) for a long time. I __________________ (receive)
your last letter in May. A lot of things __________________ (happen) since then. In July we
__________________ (go) on holiday to Mexico. It was great! __________________ (I never
have) such a good time on holiday before. I __________________ (even learn) a few words of
Portuguese. Only two terrible things __________________ (happen) there. I
__________________ (lose) my brand new camera and my sister __________________ (fall)
off our hotel balcony and __________________ (land) in a palm tree. She almost
__________________ (destroy) the tree, luckily she __________________ (not hurt) herself. I
__________________ (send) you a postcard from Guanajuato. __________________ (you get)
it? In September I __________________ (start) at my new school. You should
__________________ (come) and visit me before the school term starts.
72
2. Complete the following passage using the words provided.
check-in
taxi airport passport suitcase
counter
ticket seat ferry holiday passenger
planes boarding pass Airport Express x-ray machine transport
Matthew enjoys travelling. __________________ are the only form of transport in the sky. Today he
is going to Hong Kong for a __________________ by this type of transport. He has to arrive at the
__________________ two hours ahead so he plans to leave home very early. He takes the
__________________. First he goes to the __________________ to check in his luggage. He has
a __________________ and a rucksack. The airline staff asks for his __________________ and
air __________________. Then he gets a __________________. It shows his
__________________ is 25A. After the immigration desk he puts his rucksack through an
__________________ and he walks through a metal detector. Now Matthew is ready to board the
plane and fly to Hong Kong.
Revision Test 6:
1. Rewrite the following sentence from the present tense to the future tense.
Natalie works hard to be successful.
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Rewrite the following sentence from the past tense to the future tense.
I enjoyed watching the Paralympics.
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Join the following two sentences into one good sentence. Do not use the conjunction “and”.
Natalie swims in the Cold Water Race. Natalie wants to help the underprivileged.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Complete the following sentence by changing it from indirect speech into direct speech.
Natalie said that she enjoyed carrying the flag at the Summer Olympics.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
73
5. Complete the following sentence by changing it from direct speech to indirect speech.
Mrs Du Toit said, “I am very proud of my daughter.”
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Write down the synonyms (words similar in meaning) for the following underlined words.
a. Natalie always assists the poor. __________________
b. She is regarded as a champion. __________________
7. Write the correct form of the word in brackets.
E.g. It is (danger) to jump from a high building. Answer: dangerous
Natalie is an outstanding (swim). __________________
8. Fill in the missing degree of comparison.
Natalie felt (good) when she won the silver medal, but felt even __________________ when she
won gold.
9. Underline the correct form of the word in brackets.
a. Natalie ( beleives / believes ) in herself.
b. Natalie ( wins / win ) a trophy every year.
74

English Language Booklet Grade 4 To 6

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2018 Terri-Lee Boucher

ENGLISH LANGUAGE BOOKLET

Describes a noun or a pronoun. It was an amazing

Adverb of Time I will finish my

A word that joins two phrases or sentences. On Saturday night

A short exclamation (word or phrase) used to Oh! Ouch! Hurray!

B. Underline the nouns:

C. Unscramble the nouns:

Activity 4: Abstract Nouns

4. Indefinite Pronoun: is used to refer to things of an indefinite amount.

5. Demonstrative Pronoun: is used to point out or demonstrate something specific.

1. There have been many accidents on the _____________________ road.

Sentence Auxiliary Verb Main Verb

C. Write the verb that is opposite to the verb that is in Italics.

2. The girls ate the cake on the weekend.

3. They slept in tents and read books.

4. Mr Smith looked at his watch then left the building.

3. She speaks very loudly. They can all hear her.

B. Use the following gerunds in a sentence:

Type of Adverb Asks Example

Types of Adverbial Phrases Examples of Preposition Example

2. We (easy) won the game!

4. I (patient) waited my turn in the line for the latest game.

5. She (careful) walked home from school.

2. I had fifty rand. I bought a video game.

3. I read my program. I could not find information on my favourite player.

4. I approved the design. I approved the plan.

5. I could spell all the words. I could not define them.

1. I am late _____________________ I overslept.

1. I looked _____________________ the hill at the many houses below.

1. __________, you did so well! 6. __________, really?

1. _____________________ They attended the concert last weekend.

This is the repeated use of vowel The rain in Spain

Onomatopoeia is a sound device using The bee buzzed

A metaphor is an indirect She is a busy

Personification describes a non- The stars

PROVERBS AND IDIOMS

A question mark is used at the end of a Where has the cat

 Inverted commas (or speech marks) are Thabo said, “I am

COMMAS ( “ ” )  They are used to show the beginning

 An apostrophe is used to join two words We have – we’ve

2. what an amazing goal

3. i am going to go home if I finish my school work on time

5. when are you going to go shopping in birmingham

6. i live in smithwick in a house just off brasshouse lane

7. stop that now

8. who has left this mess on the table in my classroom

9. do you attend boston private school

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

4. judith asked is there a lot of work for homework today

5. we dont need to pack a lunch today she replied

2. “Why are my jeans so tight?” she asked.

3. “I want to go get my report,” she said.

5. “Where are your school shoes?” My mom asked.

2. She said that she was so happy to be an artist.

3. He asked if he could go to the movies.

4. They replied that they were keen to finish the project.

5. He said that it was hot outside.

SIMPLE, COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCES

3. Exclamation Sentences: An exclamation is a sentence that expresses an emotion, such as

4. Command Sentences: A command is a sentence that is used to tell someone to do

SUBJECT AND PREDICATE

1. , you did so well! 6. , really?

1. I early and in the lake.