PHYSICS

FORMULA SHEET Q2

ROTATIONAL MOTION
!
𝜃 =
Legend
"
"
∆(
𝜃 = 𝜔! 𝑡 + 𝛼𝑡 # 𝜏 = s𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘€
𝜔#$%"#&% = #
∆) 𝜔! + 𝜔$ 𝜃= angular displacement/ angle
𝛼=
*! +*"
𝜃= 𝑡 𝐹 𝑟 = 𝐹𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜔= angular velocity
)! +)" 2 𝐹𝑟
𝛼= angular acceleration
𝜃=
𝑣 = 𝑟𝜔 𝜔$ # = 𝜔! # + 2𝛼𝜃 𝐹∙𝑟
L= angular momentum
𝑎 = 𝑟𝛼 𝜏 = 𝐼𝛼
𝜔$ = 𝜔! + 𝛼𝑡 Xcm= center of gravity/ mass
1 𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑊 = 𝜏𝜃
𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑥 t= time
2𝜋rad 𝑚 = 𝑀" 𝑅" # + 𝑀# 𝑅# # 𝑊
rad= radians
𝑃=
𝐿 = 𝐼𝜔 𝜏 = 𝐹𝑟 𝑡 rev= revolution
𝑚. 𝑥. + 𝑚/ 𝑥/ + ⋯ 𝜏 = 𝐹𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1
𝑥 = 𝐾" = 𝐼𝜔/ m= mass
,-
𝑚. + 𝑚/ + ⋯ 2 F= force
Moment of Inertia r= radius
/
𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 / 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑆𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼 = Œ • 𝑚𝑟 / I= moment of Intertia
G
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑜𝑜𝑝/𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼 = 𝑚𝑟 / 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 / 𝜏= torque
-("# $ 1"$ $ ) 𝐼= Œ • 𝑚𝑟 /
𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑘 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐼= 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑆𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 E W= work
/
-" $ -4$ P= power
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝐶𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟/𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝐼= 𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑜𝑑 (Spinning at Center) 𝐼=
./
/
-4$ 𝐾! = rotational kinetic energy
-34% $ 14& $5 𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑜𝑑 (Spinning at End) 𝐼=
𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐼= .E
./

PLANETARY MOTION
𝑊
𝑔= Escape Velocity 𝑔= gravitational acceleration
𝑚 Fgrav= force of gravity
/BC
𝑉𝑒 = s = 𝑉𝑒 = ‰2𝑔𝑅 G= gravitational constant(6.67x10-11 m3/kg s2)
Universal Law of Gravitation D
)@ )A Kepler’s Law M= mass
𝐹%&'( = 𝐺 & A D'
r= radius of the orbit
Gravitational Potential Energy T = 2𝜋s 𝑇 / = 𝑅E F= force
BC
T= orbital period
𝐺𝑀. 𝑀/
𝑈& = 𝑊 = −𝐹𝑟 = /
𝑇 / = 𝑘𝑅E − − − −
𝑟


SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION AND SOUND WAVES
𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 sin(𝑘𝑥 + 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑) 𝜆=
/6 𝐹! = −𝑘𝑥 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(𝑘𝑥 + 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑) .
8
𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
/6 𝑇= 𝜔 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑘 = F m=mass
7 * 𝛼 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝜔 𝑣 = = 𝜆𝑓 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒
𝜆𝑓 = 8
𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝜔 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑘
*
𝑓 = 𝑇 = 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝜑 = 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
/6
𝐿 = 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐹! = 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝑘 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
Mass on a Spring Pendulum Doppler Effect V= speed of sound
9±9< Vs= velocity of source 𝑥 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
- . 8 4
𝑇 = 2𝜋s 𝑓 = s 𝑇 = 2𝜋s& 𝑓 = /6 s 4
. & 𝑓′ = 𝑓( ) Vo= velocity of observer
9±9!
8 /6 -

FLUID MECHANICS 𝐹H = 𝑏𝑢𝑜𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝜌 = 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
- 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡
𝜌= Pascal’s Principle 𝑇 = 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝑔 = 𝑎𝑐𝑐. 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦
9 𝑣= 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡 = volume rate
: :# :
= $ 𝐴 𝑃 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑃 =
; ;# ;$ 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑃< = 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑃 = 𝑃< + 𝜌𝑔ℎ 𝑑𝑉/𝑑𝑡 𝑅. = 𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
Continuity Equation 𝐴=
𝑉 = 𝜋(𝑅// − 𝑅./)𝐿 𝑣 𝑅/ = 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑉 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝐴. 𝑉. = 𝐴/ 𝑉/
Buoyancy 𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝐹 = 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒
𝐹 = 𝑊 = 𝑚 𝑔 = 𝑃 𝑉𝑔 Bernoulli’s Principle 𝐴 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 of cross section
H F F F
𝐹H − 𝑇
. .
𝑃. + 𝜌𝑣./ + 𝜌𝑔ℎ. = 𝑃/ + 𝜌𝑣// + 𝜌𝑔ℎ/ 𝑟=Ž ℎ = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝜋
𝑚 = 𝑔
/ /

THERMODYNAMICS 𝛼 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
First law Thermal Expansion 𝑄 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
Ideal Gas Laws 𝑇 = 𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
𝑄 = ∆𝑢 + 𝑤 𝑃𝑉 = 𝑛𝑅𝑇 J# 9# J9
= $ $ ∆𝐿 = 𝛼 𝐿𝑜 ∆𝑇 ∆𝑢 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
𝑐 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡
𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 .
𝑃 =
K# K$ ∆𝐴 = 2𝛼 𝐴𝑜 ∆𝑇 𝑃 = 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝐿 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
9 ∆𝑉 = 3𝛼 𝑉𝑜 ∆𝑇 𝑊 = 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
Second Law 𝑃. 𝑉/ = 𝑃/ 𝑉. 𝑚 𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑝 𝑉 = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 ∈= 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
𝑄𝐶 𝑊 = 𝑃 · ∆𝑉 𝑣
𝐿𝑜 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑄𝐶 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟
∈= (1 − )(100%)
𝑄𝐻 𝐴𝑜 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑄𝐻 = ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑜𝑖𝑟
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒s
𝑉𝑜 = 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐽
𝑅 = 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 (8.314 )
𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐾