Reading – Structural Conversion Questions - THE KEY

1 Please use a relative clause instead of the underlined part.

One recent study led by the University of Colorado, USA, found that lots BASE jumpers of had
witnessed the death or catastrophic injury of a fellow jumper.

One recent study which was led by the University of Colorado, USA, found that lots of BASE jumpers
had witnessed the death or catastrophic injury of a fellow jumper.

2 Please change the structure of the sentence beginning it with a negative adverbial modifier.

Many extreme athletes are the opposite of impulsive.

In no way are many extreme athletes impulsive.

3 Please use impersonal construction: put the underlined verb in the passive voice and begin the
sentence as shown.

Eg.: One recent study found that 72 percent of the 106 BASE jumpers interviewed had witnessed the
death or catastrophic injury of a fellow jumper. ->
72 percent of the 106 BASE jumpers interviewed were found to have witnessed the death or
catastrophic injury of a fellow jumper.

Brymer has found that 'older' extreme athletes exercise deep care in equal proportion to the high
risk involved.

'Older' extreme athletes has been found to exercise deep care in equal proportion to the high risk
involved.

4 Please change the sentence using the comparative structure “the … the …” to say that things
change together because they depend on each other.

Eg. If you train harder, you may run longer. -> The harder you train, the longer you can run.

'Older' extreme athletes exercise deep care in equal proportion to the high risk involved.

The higher the risk involved is, the deeper care ‘older’ extreme athletes exercise.

5 Please use a passive (causative) construction beginning the sentence as shown.

If the wind isn't blowing correctly, the seasoned extreme athlete will stop and come back another
time.

The wind blowing incorrectly will have/get the seasoned extreme athlete stop and come back
another time.

6 Please change the structure of the sentence beginning it with a negative adverbial “not only”.
They're not just seeking an adrenaline rush; they get a feeling similar to a mindful meditation.

Not only are they seeking an adrenaline rush; they also get a feeling similar to a mindful meditation.

7. Please change the sentence using another comparative structure: “not nearly as”.

Extreme athletes´ fear response is much weaker than that of the rest of us.

Extreme athletes´ fear response is not nearly as strong as that of the rest of us.

8 Please change the sentence using “too + adjective” followed by the infinitive.

Eg. The question is very difficult, you cannot answer it at once. -> The question is too difficult to be
answered at once.

Fear is an important part of the experience, we shouldn’t ignore it completely.

Fear is too important part of the experience to be ignored completely.

9 Please use a relative clause beginning the sentence as shown.

Fear wakes you up, making you more alert to the potential threats.

Fear is the feeling that wakes you up and makes you more alert to the potential threats.

10 Please combine two simple sentences into one complex using a relative clause.

Brymer based his research on the study of extreme athletes. Many of athletes are the opposite of
impulsive.

Brymer based his research on the study of extreme athletes, many of whom are the opposite of
impulsive.