앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC

1.  In the past, any absence of food led to famine or migration.  Hardly any food was traded across long
distances and a great number of people died without most of the world knowing about it.  But in the
19th century, North American grain, Argentinean beef and Southeast Asian rice were traded in
increasing quantities.  The coming of steamships and refrigeration made food transport more economic. 
Some states, such as Britain, abandoned the policy of self- sufficiency in food and ______.  But by
the end of the First World War, only Europe was in any significant way dependent on food imports.
(A) suffered a great famine (B) encouraged that of emigration
(C) relied on cheap food imports (D) tried new methods of farming

2.  Instinctive behavior is a pattern of behavior that an animal is born with. Spiders spinning their
webs are examples of instinctive behavior. The mother spider does not teach her babies how to
spin webs. Baby birds will instinctively run away if a cardboard shape of a hawk is moved
forwards over their heads. However, they do not run if the cardboard shape is moved
backwards. Hawks do not fly backwards, so the baby birds' instinct does not tell them that
there is any danger. Their instinct is quite specific: ______.
(A) The shape of the hawk must be moving in the correct direction
(B) The size of the shape of the hawk makes the baby birds run away
(C) The mother birds teach the baby birds whenever there is a danger
(D) The speed of the shape of the cardboard hawk must be fast enough

3.  The need for adequate financing of wildlife restoration projects in the United States was forcefully
brought to the nation's attention by the severe drought of the early thirties. At that time, the North
American waterfowl population was in extreme danger because of the shortage of well-watered
nesting, breeding, and feeding areas. An emergency scheme devised by the United States
government for the purchase and development of several million hectares of land and water for
waterfowl refuges was instrumental in ______.
(A) easing the situation                        (B) spending less money
(C) building more dams                       (D) stopping the waste

4.  By the conventional wisdom, we Americans are a slothful lot.  We overconsume, undersave and underinvest. 
Compared with the frugal Germans and Japanese, we are ruinously self-indulgent.  They invest; we shop at
the mall.  They build factories; we buy videogames.  Legions of economists and their political patrons, across
the political spectrum, have preached this gospel and promoted various “pro-saving-and-investment” plans
as cures.  Well, the sermon stinks: the savings gap is mostly ______.
(A) catch-up                                 (B) hallmark
(C) white paper                              (D) make-believe
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
5.   The great flaw in Rip's character was a strong aversion for all kinds of work.  He could sit all day long and fish
without catching anything, and he would never complain. With a gun on his shoulder, he could walk for hours through
the woods, uphill and downhill, to shoot only a few squirrels. He was the most important person at all
the country parties and dances. He was always ready to listen to other people's complaints about the world. But as
to doing family duty and keeping his own farm in order, he found this impossible.  In a word, ____________
(A) he belonged to nobody. (B) he didn't like his family.
(C) he was famous for his meekness and obedience.
(D) he was one of those happy simple people who took the world easy.

6. To understand something thoroughly, we must know its parts.  For example, we know a house when we are
familiar with its rooms and with the various details of its construction.  Words are built much like houses; we
shall understand words better by familiarizing ourselves with ______.
(A) the rules of grammar (B) the best modern writers
(C) the correct pronunciation (D) the elements of which they are made

7.  One afternoon while we were at the lake a thunderstorm came up.   It was like the revival of
an old melodrama that I had seen long ago with childish awe.  The second-act ______ of the
drama of the electrical disturbance over a lake in America had not changed in any important
respect.  This was the big scene, still the big scene.
(A) climax                                  (B) weakening
(C) dissolution                              (D) disappearance

8. Scientific studies of the sex cell development in mice, cattle and man have provided parts of the story from
which the process (as a whole) can be deduced.  Until recent years the results were often thought to be
______ and hence the origin of germ cells has been the subject of unceasing debate for some 50 years or
more.
(A) inconclusive                             (B) incredible
(C) indigenous                              (D) indisputable

9. The computer cannot exercise judgment or common sense, and it must be meticulously instructed in the
program as to ______: What to do if the answer of an intermediate calculation becomes zero, or when
particular exceptions to anticipated results occur. Each eventuality must be analyzed or the program will not
work satisfactorily.
(A) how to refer to specific language (B) how to react to programmed data
(C) how to operate computers (D) how to handle every contingency
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
10.  Law-abiding people should deplore the underground or black economy. Those who sell their
goods and services outside the law are cheating fellow taxpayers by depriving government of
______ to meet society's needs.
(A) bankruptcy                              (B) commodities
(C) revenue                                 (D) productivity

11.  Most insects are born, or hatched, into the world after the completion of their parents'
lifespan.  The adults merely prepare for the arrival of their young; they do not oversee the
rearing of their offspring.  The young insect generally lacks ______.
(A) brothers and sisters                       (B) a supply of food
(C) parental care                            (D) the larval stage

12.  The simple animals are those whose bodies are simplest in structure and which do the    things done by all
living animals, such as eating, breathing, moving, and feeling, in the most __________ way.
(A) haphazard   (B) bizarre  
(C) primitive   (D) advantageous  
(E) unique

13.  Advertisers count on the public being able to read very quickly a few generalized images.  For example, a
commercial that opens with a child in bed, covers drawn up to her chin, and a parent bending over her is likely
selling some cold remedy.  The visual details are familiar: child, parent, cover, bed.  Because such scenes are
so easily recognizable, advertisers are able to use just a few words to get their message across.  As you read
this chapter, you will be asked to read such messages and others like them―messages that
___________________.
(A) make readers oblivious to the stereotypes
(B) rely on pictures more than on words
(C) continually shift with time and circumstance
(D) are associated with things unfamiliar

14. When working in a tropical country, one scientist related a bad experience with nettles.   The
sting gave the scientist the symptoms of lockjaw as well as severe pain.  These ______ for
nine days. Some scientists say that stings from some tropical nettles may cause
complications for as long as a year.
(A) delayed                                 (B) persisted
(C) overflowed                              (D) resisted
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
15. Why is it that other nations, often small in population and power when compared with others, remain
free and independent in spite of great wars that have been fought around them and even
within their own borders?  The answer is that nowhere in such countries have men been found
willing to ______.
(A) fight against the enemy            (B) yield to the enemy
(C) fight for their country              (D) protect their country

16.  There is no way to prepare for the commitment other than to make it. The idea that a man and a woman can
live together without a commitment in order to see if they would like each other after they make the
commitment is ______. Living together may inform you as to whether your partner snores or is an alcoholic
or sleeps late; it may be fun and exciting; it may even be the best you can manage in an imperfect world. But
it is not a way of finding out how married life will be, because married life is shaped by the fact that the couple
has made a solemn vow before their family and friends that this is for keeps and that any children will be their
joint and permanent responsibility. It changes everything.
(A) slanderous                               (B) preposterous
(C) authentic                                (D) indispensable

17.  Newspapers are more than a source of amusement for their readers. They include reports   on weather, on
business, and on local, national, and international affairs. For many people, newspapers provide a wealth of
____________.
(A) amusements   (B) information  
(C) propaganda   (D) love affairs

18. The conventionally accepted principles of correct social or professional behavior are known as ‘etiquette.’ It
derives from a French word, which meant ‘ticket.’ Such a ticket was formerly a card which was issued to
those attending court. It contained instructions concerning the required dress and behavior for court
functions. From this sense, the word gradually came to refer to ______ for social behavior.
(A) attention getters                           (B) the court decisions
(C) correctional facilities                        (D) a general set of rules

19.   ______ Stop wasting time on details. When you read a short story, follow the thread of the plot, consciously
look for and find the “conflict”, instead of just meandering through words. When you read nonfiction, be intent
on getting the theme, the message, the framework on which the author has built his book. Don't let an
occasionally perplexing paragraph, page, or chapter slow you down.
(A) Keep speeding through.                     (B) Pace yourself.
(C) Read for main ideas.                       (D) Budget your time.
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
20.  The different races of mankind have _______________ sexual attraction for each other, so that in the
absence of any geographical or cultural obstacles to genetic mixture it is highly probable that in the course of
a few thousand years the human race would become racially uniform.
(A) no   (B) no much  
(C) a sufficient   (D) an insufficient

21.  Science itself is not only morally neutral, that is, ___________ to the value of the ends    for which the
means are used; it is also totally unable to give any moral direction.
(A) different   (B) indifferent  
(C) interested   (D) disinterested  
(E) uninteresting

22.  Up to now the earth has been our ______; we've been kept apart by its distances, controlled by its laws,
nourished by its riches.  But now, with changes we have made, we have tamed our plant, shrunk its
dimensions, and confined its forces, turning them to our own use.  Today the earth is our charge; its
very existence is dependent on us.
(A) invader                                 (B) predator
(C) guardian                                (D) adversary

23. The accumulation of capital requires abstention from immediate consumption. A worker who has to grow all
his own food can barely take time out to improve his tools. But if he can save or borrow enough to feed
himself and keep warm while he is working on his tools, he can ultimately produce a better crop, more than is
needed to keep him alive. ______
(A) The resulting surplus goes into the formation of his capital.
(B) The resulting surplus becomes available for his consumption.
(C) The crop can be used as animal food.
(D) The crop can be retained for possible emergency.

24.  The saying comes from Aesop's ancient fable about a fox drooling over bunches of grapes in a
vineyard. After exhausting himself by leaping up repeatedly trying to them, he eventually gives up
and slinks away.  The fox tries to cover his ______ by saying, “They are as sour as crabs anyway.”
(A) frustration                               (B) bravery
(C) fantasy                                 (D) cunning
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
25.  When we hate our enemies, we give them power over us-power over our sleep, our appetites and our
happiness. They would dance with joy if they knew how much they were worrying us. Our hate is not hurting
them at all, but it is turning our own days and nights into hellish turmoil. The moral suggested by this passage
is _________________.
(A) love your enemies
(B) don't let your hate make yourself unhappy
(C) you should not let your enemies have power over you
(D) your happy life depends on love, not hate

26.  Given a certain number of chosen convictions and a certain number of unfulfilled expectations and the fact
marriage evokes in people not only their best but also their beastliest features, any couple is bound to have
their share of _____________.
(A) common experience   (B) credibility gap  
(C) cooperation   (D) fighting

27.  On the night of the masked ball, a woman developed a migraine and told her husband to go alone. Later
she felt better, so she got into her costume, which her husband had never seen. When she arrived and saw
her spouse prancing around with one woman after another, she decided to get ______________.
(A) ahead   (B) nowhere  
(C) through   (D) even

28.  To understand something completely, we must know its parts. For example, we know a    house when we
are familiar with its rooms and with the various details of its construction. Words are formed like houses: we
shall understand words better by knowing _______________.
(A) the best modern writers   (B) the laws of grammar  
(C) useful reference books (D) the elements of which they are made

29.  The great incentive to learning a new skill or supporting new discipline is an urgent need to use it. For this
reason many scientists do not learn new skills, or master new discipline until the ____________ is upon
them to do so.
(A) evidence   (B) information  
(C) opportunity   (D) pressure

30.  Because a man has his faults it does not follow that what he has produced, sponsored or is associated with
is worthless. Likewise, ____________, it does not follow that his every idea is too good to be looked into.
(A) because the man is not praisable (B) because the man is beyond praise
(C) because the man has no idea (D) because the man is not short-sighted
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
31.   A strategy emphasizing the amassing of national power and the enhancing of national self-reliance
__________ for most nations in the world. They need to put considerable trust in interdependence,
integration, and cooperation. Above all they need to hope that the natural condition of international life is
indeed harmony.
(A) is required        (B) cannot be overemphasized
(C) is not sufficient   (D) should be reemphasized   
(E) should not be undervalued

32.  Feminism has been content with demanding the right to vote, to practice politics and hold public office, to
enter commerce, finance, and the learned professions, and the trades, on equal terms with
______________, and to share men's social privileges and immunities on equal terms.
(A) people   (B) others  
(C) men   (D) women  
(E) leaders

33.  The market economy and total planning are never models which no existing economy actually
reproduces not successive stages in evolution. There is __________ between the phases of industrial
development and the predominance of one model or the other.
(A) a close relationship    (B) no necessary link
(C) a family resemblance  (D) a clearly discernible affinity

34.  The process of education consists in setting up the best provisional orderings of life we   are capable of and
then knocking them down. The most basic dilemma of the college      teacher is that he is forever having to
erect the structure ___________.
(A) for every new class                 (B) that will never be finished
(C) he will wish never to have started   (D) he will proceed to demolish

35.  It has been said that tyranny has no enemy as formidable as the pen. One of freedom's   most important
safeguards is ___________.
(A) a possible alternative  (B) adult education 
(C) universal suffrage   (D) a free press

36.  East Europeans welcomed Mikhail Gorbachev's proposal to scrap the Warsaw Pact as     military entity. But
their joy mixed with _______________. No one is sure how far the     Soviets can be trusted or how far they
can be pushed.
(A) astonishment   (B) hostility  
(C) worry   (D) rapture
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
37.  So much was going on last week that few people noticed that President Clinton relaxed American economic
sanction against Vietnam, another move toward U.S. _________ in the economic development of its former
enemy.
(A) participation   (B) imperialism  
(C) mistakes   (D) obligation

38.  The "scissors effect" of growing population and unalleviated poverty is hurting much of   the Third World.
Combined with the environmental consequences of ill thought-out economic development, the ability of local
communities to support decent human life and to offer a better future for children is _____________ at an
alarming rate.
(A) decreasing   (B) increasing  
(C) liquidating  (D) calculating

39.  Although time is an ingredient of learning, it is not in itself a satisfactory index of it: superior opportunity or
instruction and more intense motivation can _______________  lower amounts of class and study time in
determining the total amount of learning.
(A) benefit from   (B) suffer from  
(C) compensate for   (D) result in

40.  The world's population will increase by another billion in the 1990s, UN experts warned. The 1990s will see
faster increase than any decade. Official of the UN Population Fund admitted that their own findings caught
them by surprise. Progress in reducing birth rates has been ___________.
(A) as expected            (B) faster than expected
(C) slower than expected   (D) what it always has been

41.  It has been proven that the "lie detector" can be fooled. If one is truly unaware that one is lying, when in fact
one is, then the "lie detector" is worthless. The author of this argument implies that _____________.
(A) a good liar can fool the device (B) a lie detector is often inaccurate
(C) the lie detector is a useless device (D) the lie detector is sometimes worthless

42.  On April 17, 1492, Columbus entered into a contract with Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. It provided that
the sovereigns should pay seven-eights and he one-eighth of the costs of the undertaking. In this proportion
they would ______________.
(A) share the profits     (B) gain rich profits
(C) increase profits      (D) obtain a substantial profits
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
43.  In choosing a vacation spot many of us look for a place that is quiet.  But can you imagine a world
without sounds?  A famous explorer spent several weeks in Antarctica completely alone and away
from all human sounds.  Writing about the experience later, he said that he missed nothing so much
as the voices of friends and other familiar sounds.  Such an experience gives one some insight into
the ______.
(A) need for solitude                          (B) world of the deaf
(C) frozen countries                          (D) life of Eskimos

44.  The people always have champions whom they set over them and nurse into greatness. This and no
other is the root from which tyrants spring; when they first appear, they are protectors. When tyrants
have disposed of foreign enemies by conquest or treaty and there is nothing to fear from that source,
then they are always stirring up some war or other that their people may continue to ______.
(A) require a leader (B) win great battles
(C) want for northing (D) increase their possessions

45.  The Rhine River trip takes the tourist past the famous Lorelei, a huge rocky cliff that is a danger
spot for mariners. Legend tells that many sailors were lured to their death by the singing of the
Lorelei, a beautiful maiden who lived on the cliff. A famous German song commemorating the legend
is sometimes sung by a choral group as the sightseeing boat passes this spot in the river,
heightening the ______.
(A) steepness of the cliff (B) romantic aspect of the journey
(C) dangers of the trip (D) glow of the sunset

46.  A California real-estate broker was showing a Bostonian a house. "Here," the agent boasted as they drove
up, "is the homeowner's dream  a house without a flaw." "Without   a flaw?" echoed the Bostonian. "What
does one _______________?"
(A) walk on   (B) work on  
(C) live in   (D) inhabit

47.  Each man is unique. Nature abhors sameness. Each flower in the field is different, and so is each blade of
grass. Have you ever seen two roses alike, even among the same variety? No two faces are exactly alike,
even in identical twins. Our fingerprints ___________ that we can be positively identified by them.
(A) are not changing with time (B) are meant to be detected
(C) are so obviously shown (D) are so singularly ours
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
88.  The medical report stated that children under twelve should not __________ strenuous athletic events
which can damage the maturing body.
(A) grow into   (B) strive for  
(C) be capable of   (D) participate in  
(E) believe in

48.  Thanks to the natural resources of the country, every American, until quite recently, could reasonably look
forward to making more money than his father, so that, if the made less, the ____________ must be his; he
was either lazy or inefficient.
(A) wealth   (B) fault  
(C) expense   (D) possession

49.   Philosophy has probably played a greater role in the history of Chinese culture than in any other, making
itself felt in every phase of life―in religion, in art, and most notably in government. For a period of some two
thousand years, continuing through the nineteenth century, examinations for the civil service tested the
candidate largely on his knowledge of the Chinese classics. I rather suspect that worse principles of
philosophical judgment have been used by various governments East and West; but I can hardly pretend
to be an unbiased judgment. Be that as it may, a knowledge of Chinese literature, and even of the
specifically philosophical literature has been regarded by the Chinese themselves, especially by ______, as
being of the first importance.
(A) the educated classes and the bureaucratic elite
(B) the poor and the uneducated classes
(C) the country men
(D) the urban people

50. Of all the targets of government wrath in American industry, none have been scorched more
severely or more often than the U.S. tobacco companies. But despite being hit with everything
from health-warning labels to smoking bans in buildings to Vice President Al Gore's tale last
year of his sister's fatal lung cancer, cigarette makers have survived and prospered. The industry's
profits have been healthy for a decade, and in spite of countless lawsuits, no tobacco company has ever
paid out a single penny to ______ anyone for damaged health.
(A) present                                 (B) regulate
(C) cause                                  (D) compensate
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
51.  Each folk dance has a pattern of its own, even though similarities do exist among dances of
a particular country and among dances of different countries where cultures have intermingled. 
Although many of the basic steps are similar, the total design for each dance is ______.
(A) unique                                 (B) similar
(C) predictable                              (D) intermingled

52.  The cannibalistic behavior of the praying mantis cannot be excused on the ground that it occurs only in
times of scarcity.  This creature does not wait for a poor season to prey on its own kind.  Even when
other food is plenty, the praying mantis will willingly ______.
(A) store food for emergency use (B) devour his brothers and sisters
(C) rob the larders of its neighbors (D) hunt other insects for pleasure

101. Most countries have strict laws regarding the possession and transporting of narcotics.  ______, huge
amounts of heroin, cocaine, and hashish are smuggled daily from one country to another.
(A) Likewise                                (B) Otherwise
(C) Similarly                                (D) Nevertheless

53.  The planets in our solar system are named after the ancient Roman and Greek gods.  Jupiter
was the king of the gods.  The largest planet was named after him.  Mercury was the fleet-footed
messenger of the gods.  The planet named after him ______.
(A) is the next largest in the solar system
(B) has wings extending from its interior
(C) is surrounded by a haze of fire
(D) is the fastest planet

54.  In spite of its limited ______, the magazine had a strong ______ on political thought in the country.
(A) circulation ― influence                      (B) insights ― reminder
(C) values ― survival                         (D) appeal ― repression

55.  Young discoverers need not despair.  Though there are few blanks left on today's map of the world, there are
still ______ realms to be charted in the depths of the oceans, the remote recesses of the rain forests and the
furthest reaches of outer space.
(A) cultivated                                (B) inevitable
(C) inhabited                                 (D) unexplored
(E) imaginative
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
56.  Pickpockets prefer to extract men's wallets from behind, where you can't see them.  Thus, the easiest target
is the rear-trouser pockets, followed by those on the sides.  Least ______ is a jacket's inside pocket.
(A) plausible                                 (B) muffled
(C) vulnerable                               (D) valuable
(E) pecuniary

57. A wink of the eye to a(n) ______ person on a bus means something completely different from
a wink of an eye to ______ a lie.
(A) attractive ― discover (B) young ― discover
(C) ugly ― signify (D) attractive ― signify

58. Critical thinking depends on the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are realities, opinions are
beliefs or judgments.  Opinions may fit the facts or they may be in error. Even the greatest experts ______.
That is why research is so important in every subject area―it confirms some opinions and disproves others.
(A) sometimes hold erroneous opinions (B) depend on critical thinking
(C) hardly form opinions with care (D) sometimes hold correct opinions

59.  What is at the heart of Korzybski's thought is the perception that language, far from being a
tool ______ thought and communication, carries within itself a whole body of assumptions
about the world and ourselves which go a long way toward shaping and ______ the kinds of
thoughts we are able to have.
(A) incidental to ― determining (B) requisite for ― interpreting
(C) subordinate to ― invalidating (D) independent of ― correlating

60.  The most qualified people don't always get the job.  It goes to the person who presents himself most ______
in person and on paper.  So don't just list where you were and what you did.  This is your chance to tell how
well you did.
(A) proudly                                 (B) flatteringly
(C) pompously                               (D) persuasively

61.  The first primitive fish had lungs; in most of their descendants, these ______ have ______
into swim bladders.
(A) animals ― purged (B) organs ― evolved
(C) organisms ― evaporated (D) functions ― barged
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
62.  Poison ivy is a plant which may poison the skin. It is identified by its yellowish-white berries and its leaves
which are formed of leaflets. In autumn, these leaves turn to beautiful reds and yellows, and people pick
them without realizing ______.
(A) how beautiful the plant is   (B) how colorful the plant is
(C) how dangerous the plant is  (D) how beneficial the plant is

63.  Before any overseas assignment your physician will give you vaccinations and inoculations to protect you
from a variety of ills. There is one disease for which there is no ______ and for which we want to prepare
you.  This illness, for lack of a better term, is called “culture shock.”
(A) infection                                (B) inheritance
(C) immunization                                (D) symptom

64. Up to the middle of the last century the chief interest of the historian and of the public alike lay in
______. He did not care to probe the obscure lives and activities of the great mass of humanity, upon whose
slow toil was built up the prosperity of the world and who were the hidden foundation of the political and
constitutional edifice reared by the famous men he praised. Today the new history has come. The present
age differs from the centuries before it in its vivid realization of that much-neglected person―the man in the
street; or (as it was more often in the earliest ages) the man in the world.
(A) the ordinary people                        (B) the ruling classes
(C) the rich men                             (D) the women

65.  Our university is offering a new course on the relation of innovation and tradition.  It emphasizes a
profound mutual dependence between innovation and tradition.  Two principles are the basis for this
course; An innovation flourishes if it finds roots in a part of the tradition of the past and if it creates a
new tradition of its own.  The traditions of the past retain meaning and life through embodiment in
meaningful ______.
(A) class discussions                          (B) historical records
(C) textbook series                          (D) current innovation

66.  “They that keep the law, happy are they”―that is the Hebrew notion of felicity; and, pursued with passion and
tenacity, this notion would not let Hebrews rest till, as is well known, they had at last got out of the law a network

of prescriptions to enwrap their whole life.  While Hebraism seized upon certain plain, capital intimations of the

universal order and riveted itself on the study and observance of them, the bent of Hellenism was to follow, with

flexible activity, the whole play of the universal order, to be apprehensive of missing any part of it.  The

governing idea of Hellenism was spontaneity of consciousness; that of Hebraism, ______.

(A) Hellenism of conscience (B) strictness of conscience

(C) flexibility of conscience (D) individuality of conscience
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
67. We are familiar with her inspired characterization of the greathearted heroes of the past; we can
only wonder if she herself was generous and brave.  Her subtle mind resolved many philosophical
paradoxes, but how well did she cope with the everyday problems of life?  We admire her dispassionate
and unbiased treatment of historical controversies; did she display the same sense of fair play in her
______?
(A) opinions concerning other scholars (B) common intercourse with other people
(C) greatest achievements (D) other related works

68.  Not long ago, parents determined whether their children should go to school.   Now, in many
countries, laws require that all children receive a certain minimum of ______.
(A) nourishment                             (B) recreation
(C) schooling                               (D) vitamins

69. A museum is not, a dead institution and anyone who accuses the British Museum of being
dusty and boring either is ignorant or lacks a soul.  The British Museum is full of ______.  To
hundreds of thousands of school children it each year provides a sense of adventure; to
millions of tourists and visitors it brings a sense of renewal, and to thousands of scholars a deep
well of know- ledge.  It belongs to the whole world and is kept secure for all mankind.
(A) life                                    (B) boredom
(C) remains                                 (D) fossil

70. North Americans ______ in their relationships with others, quickly getting to the point and perhaps being blunt
and sharp in doing so.  Asians tend to be far more reticent and sometimes go to great lengths not to offend. 
Thus, Asians may appear evasive, roundabout, and indecisive to North Americans, and North Americans may
appear harsh, impolite, and aggressive to Asians.
(A) seem to be threatening (B) are inclined to exaggerate
(C) tend to move on to friendly talk (D) tend to be relatively frank

71.  Panic seized me.  It was not a question now of how much money I should have left over for the rest of the
month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill right here in this restaurant.  It would be mortifying to find
myself ten francs short and be obliged to borrow from my guest.  ______ I knew exactly how much I had, and
if the bill came to more I made up my mind that I would put my hand in my pocket and with a dramatic cry start
up and say I had been robbed.
(A) I was past caring now. (B) Then a terrible thing happened.
(C) That was the course I would take. (D) I could not bring myself to do that.
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
72.  Perhaps part of the ______ of adolescent behavior is traceable to the violent swing between being ______
and wanting to be independent.
(A) maturity ― radical                 (B) predictability ― moody
(C) irony ― mature                    (D) capriciousness ― dependent
(E) creativity ― unpredictable

73.  The first semester of my junior year at Princeton University is a ______, and my grades show it.
D's and F's predominate, and a note from the dean puts me on academic probation. Flunk one more course,
and I'm out.
(A) disaster                                 (B) luxury
(C) sceptic                                  (D) happiness

74.  You could say that Marner was a sad and unhappy person, a man without ______, even simple ones such as walks in
the forest, or reading, or listening to music.  Unlike most people, he did not do things for enjoyment.

(A) takes                                   (B) possessions

(C) pleasures                                (D) pleasantries

75.  Some people, it was said, were born naturally good and some were born bad. Also ______, it was believed,
were such traits as trustfulness, honesty, conscientiousness, and industry, as well as such traits as bad
temper, laziness, and untidiness.
(A) acquired                                 (B) inborn
(C) avaricious                               (D) potential

76. Those who are regarded as inferior elements of society may play an important role in the shaping of history. 
Their importance lies in the readiness with which they are collectively swayed in any direction.  They can be
easily persuaded to take risks and ______.
(A) to plunge into some united action (B) consider the consequences of the action
(C) to work for a noble political cause (D) to reap rewards from the risks taken

77.  When a Japanese person is embarrassed, he will not usually frown and look away as a Westerner
might.  Instead, he will probably laugh. When a Navajo Indian is angry, he will not be likely to raise
his voice.  He is more likely to speak extra quietly. And when a native of the Andaman Islands wants
to show his happiness when a relative visits, he will not smile and embrace the visitor.  Instead, he
will sit in the visitor's lap and cry.  All these examples demonstrate the fact that displays of emotion
and their meaning vary greatly ______.
(A) emotionally (B) with regards to surroundings
(C) from culture to culture (D) according to human behavior patterns
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
78.  Our national interest in politics is rather superficial. True, we are swept off our feet by attention-
catching campaign slogans, and we cheer fervently for the few romantic figures who wander across
the political horizon.  But, since the sober, dull administration of uniformly good government does not
arouse our emotions, we are less than intrigued by its operation.  Any deep interest to which politics
stirs us is likely to be ______.
(A) an informed interest                       (B) a temporary interest
(C) a lasting interest                          (D) a genuine interest

79.  Traditionally, countries with ______ frontiers requiring ______ must maintain a large army and support it by
imposing taxes.
(A) historic ― distinction                (B) obscure ― expedition
(C) vulnerable ― defense                (D) unnecessary ― elimination
(E) fighting ― estimation

80.  Some scientists argue against ______ any microbe, suggesting that even the smallpox virus, which is now nearly
______, might be preserved in a kind of microbial museum.
(A) preserving ― isolated                   (B) eradicating ― extant
(C) cultivating ― invisible                  (D) exterminating ― extinct
(E) multiplying ― immunized

81.  The temptation of the educator is to explain and describe, to organize a body of knowledge for
the student, leaving the student with nothing to do.  Many teachers lecture to the students
about what is in the books and reduce the content to a series of points that can be remembered.   As
a consequence, education becomes too much like another kind of real life, the kind in which nobody reads
the book; everyone reads the reviews, and ______.
(A) everyone talks as if he knew the book (B) everyone enjoys reading the reviews
(C) nobody talks as if he knew the reviews (D) nobody enjoys reading the book

82. Some eminent biologists do not agree with the doctrine that war is biologically inevitable. They have
spent many years studying the social behavior of lower animals and human beings and are
convinced that the seven cardinal sins of pride, covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth
may have deep-seated biological roots but that human wickedness is also an expression of what people
have learned. They argue that the newer biology presents evidence of a biological basis of human
virtue, such as faith and love, and that people can, through learning, cultivate
____________________.
(A) virtuous tendencies (B) the most unlikely actions
(C) their competitive instincts (D) contradictory doctrines
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
83.  The public expects the police and the law courts to enforce the law and punish lawbreakers. These
agencies cannot do an effective job unless they have the full support   of the ______________.
(A) policemen   (B) government  
(C) judges   (D) people

84.  In the study of literature the notion of structure has __________: the structure is determined by a particular
end: it is recognized as a configuration which contributes to   this end.
(A) an apocalyptic character   (B) a futuristic character
(C) a teleological character    (D) an etiological character

85.  How does the archaeologist know where to excavate in trying to find lost ancient civilizations? 
Some of the finds are made by chance, as when the level of Lake Zurich in Switzerland dropped so
low that the remains of the homes of early lake dwellers were exposed.  Sometimes their locations are
suggested by ancient writings.  Many, however, are found by using such scientific detection methods
as ______.
(A) digging a subway tunnel (B) destructive fires
(C) reading Greek legends (D) aerial photography

86.  My father was honorable―he always knew exactly what that word meant.  He had integrity. 
His “one does not do that sort of thing,” his “no, it is not right.” sounded throughout my childhood and
were ______ for all of us.  I am sure it was true he wanted to leave Persia because of “the
corruption.”
(A) temporary                               (B) final
(C) incorrect                                (D) escapable

87.  The most ______ among the children―those quickest to start fights and who habitually used
force to get their way―were the most likely to have dropped out of school and, by age thirty,
to have a record for crimes of violence.
(A) belligerent                               (B) frustrated
(C) desperate                               (D) destitute

88.  “The flamboyant plumage of the male peacock has always struck me as overly ______,” the
ornithologist observed.  “By contrast, the female peacock looks so drab and ______ in her somber
browns and greys.”
(A) debonair ― censurable           (B) prosaic ― scintillating
(C) specious ― fanatic               (D) ostentatious ― dowdy
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
89.  The effects of the poverty of space are everywhere.  In Japan a population half the size of the United State
is packed into a land area about the same size as California, and only about 16 percent of that land is
______.
(A) edible                                   (B) habitable
(C) adaptable                                (D) culpable

90.  Some of the most basic concepts in English are ______.  What, for instance, is a sentence?  Most
dictionaries define it broadly as a group of words constituting a full thought and containing, at a minimum, a
subject (basically a noun) and predicate (basically a verb). Yet, if I inform you that I have just crashed your
car and you reply, “What!” or “Where?” or “How!” you have clearly expressed a complete thought, uttered
a sentence.  But where are the subject and predicate?  Where are the noun and verb, not to mention
the other components that we normally expect to find in a sentence?
(A) hard to change                           (B) easy to find
(C) difficult to define                          (D) good to know

91.  Children have a great deal of perception.   You can flatter a child, but you need to be good at
it. A youngster can detect whether there is humor, skill and a worthwhile motive behind your
flattery, and he may quickly discern and resent ______.
(A) an honest approach                       (B) an intimate term
(C) a cheap performance                      (D) a kind gesture

92.  Next to mental failure, blindness is surely the worst of afflictions.  By far the greater part of
our contacts with the external world comes to us through sight. When people say, as they do
sometimes, the total deafness must be worse than blindness, they forget that the deaf man forget
his infirmity when he is alone, and that there are sadly few things that _________________.
(A) the blind man wants to do when he is alone
(B) the deaf man is able to do in solitude
(C) the deaf man cannot do by himself
(D) the blind man can do in solitude

93.  People depend on plants for their existence.  Plants in the form of seeds, especially grains, are
important to people because they are the principal ingredient in most people's diets. Yet most
of the plants that are important to people were ______ in prehistoric times. For example,
before history was written, corn and wheat became part of people's diets.   People have grown
these grains as crops in small fields for thousands of years.
(A) transplanted                             (B) harvested
(C) domesticated                             (D) regenerated
앤드류 백 교수의 ULTRA LOGIC
94.  The function of "truth" drugs is to tear down inhibitions that keep the individual form expressing emotions
freely. Put a stopper into the spout of a kettle, bring the water in the kettle to a boil, and the steam will force
out the stopper. Similarly, inhibitions function as a stopper, and the drugs ______________.
(A) alleviate painful symptoms   (B) tend to remove them  
(C) jam down the stopper (D) keep the patient tense      
(E) get rid of pains

95.  If you smoke, stop. Cigarette smoking increases your need for nutrients, and exposes you to over a hundred
toxic chemicals. The effects show up on your skin, making it appear dry and wrinkled-old. Such exposure, too,
injures skin and may be the real cause of most damage we associate with __________________.
(A) cancer   (B) death   (C) aging   (D) smoking   (E) ailment

96.  Tax rates usually need to be raised. One would like at the same time to improve the distribution of income in
the country, or at any rate not worsen it. Moreover, people's incomes provide the primary incentive to greater
effort and output. If this incentive is too much reduced through taxation, the whole effort to raise output may
___________. (A) change   (B) falter   (C) intensify   (D) strengthen

97.  Don't let anyone persuade you that you should throw your heart and soul into everything that you undertake.
There are many minor duties which we all have to perform but which are not ______________.
(A) easy to do       (B) worth our best effort     
(C) unusually boring (D) done by anyone 
(E) checked supervisors

98.  There are many people who hate violence and are convinced that it is one of their foremost
and at the same time one of their most hopeful tasks to work for its reduction and, if possible,
for its ______ from human life.
(A) redemption                 (B) retaliation (C) elimination                      (D) retrogression

99. Despite the parents' obvious efforts to please their son, he constantly ______ them. For
example, when they bought him a second-hand car, he complained that it wasn't new.
(A) reproached             (B) deceived (C) extolled                               (D) commended
100.  The small airplane was leaving from the airport.  Suddenly some birds flew up in front of
the plane.  As the plane took off, the pilot was temporarily ______ by those birds.   In other
words, the birds took his attention away from the plane's controls for a short time.  He almost
lost control of the little airplane.
(A) distorted                                (B) discharged
(C) disposed                                (D) distracted