Name : Kurnia Reihans Meiriendhie

NIM : 2110731030
England's Major Events Since 1066-1500 And Their Impact on the English
Language

 1066 :
After twenty-four years of rule, Edward the Confessor died childless, and England was once
again faced with the choice of a successor. Harold, son of the earl of the West Saxon, was chosen
as the new king of England at that time. Bur Duke William of Normandy at the time did not agree
Harold should become king of England. It is because he also wanted be a next king. Finally he
declares war against Harold. This is the most bloodies age of England. The new England's king
became William after Harold died during that war.
After William became king, this marked the beginning of the Norman invasion of England.
So that it, since this year French language started, gave its effect to English language.

 1072
At this time, only one of the twelve earls in England was an Englishman, and he was
executed four years later. This is because William wanted just the Normans to become the
government of England. It made French the language of the government and English only for the
folks.

 1080
There are two main events at this time. First, the Bayeux tapestry's chronicle of the Norman
conquest is beginning to be embroidered. Second, to specifically raid their neighbors, Norman
earls are allocated lands on the Welsh marches.

 1086
There are two main events at this time. First, William II succeeds his father, William the
Conqueror, as king of England after his death. Second, the Domesday Book gives the Normans a
list of England's inhabitants.

 1093
At this time, Construction on Durham's new cathedral, which will be a magnificent example
of Norman architecture, has begun.

 1100
At this time, William II died. After he passes away, his brother, Henry I ascends to the
throne of England.

 1120
The White Ship collides with a rock off the coast of Cherbourg, drowning William the
Aetheling, heir to the English throne.
 1135
Following Henry I's death, his nephew Stephen moves quickly to keep Henry's daughter
Matilda from ascending to the English throne.

 1136
The Stewart family and later dynasty are founded when Walter FitzAlan accepts a position
with the Scottish monarch as steward.

 1150
This is time of earliest Middle English texts that have survived, roughly speaking.

 1154
When Henry II ascends to the English throne, he becomes king or feudal overlord of an
unbroken swath of territory stretching from the Tweed to the Pyrenees.

 1162
At this year on England, King Henry II forces Thomas Becket, his Lord Chancellor, to
accept the open position of Canterbury archbishop.

 1164
After offending the king with his steadfast stance as archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas
Becket retreats to a monastery close to Paris.

 1170
At this moment, there are four significant occurrences. First, Henry II gives rise to the
English exchequer, which gets its name from the table used for financial calculations. Henry II
then prepares for his son, the "Young King," to be jointly crowned as king by the archbishop of
York. The English bishops who had attended the "Young King's" coronation are then suspended
by Thomas Becket in France. Then, following what appears to be a reconciliation with Henry II,
Thomas Becket departs for Canterbury from France. The final event of this year is the
assassination of Thomas Becket by four knights on December 29 in his cathedral in Canterbury,
following on an unguarded hint from Henry II.

 1171
The Norman French and English are first introduced to Ireland when Henry II pledges
himself to be its overlord. The University of Oxford is established about this time.

 1209
The University of Cambridge was founded by Oxford scholars.

 1215
The Magna Carta ("Great Charter"), signed by King John, was a key document in the
protracted historical process that resulted in the application of constitutional law throughout the
English-speaking globe.
 1258
The Provisions of Oxford, which create a Privy Council to oversee governmental
operations, are pushed upon King Henry III. Although they were revoked a few years later, these
texts are often recognized as England's first written constitution.

 Late 13th Century

Edward I consolidates the monarchy's power in England and Wales. All classes adopt
English as the primary language.

 Mid 14th Century

The majority of England's French territories are lost during the Hundred Years War
between France and England. Roughly one-third of England's population perishes during the
Black Death. The Canterbury Tales are written in Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer. Latin
ceases to be the primary language of instruction in most schools, and English replaces it as the
official language of the legal system. The Latin Bible's English translation by John Wycliffe is
made available. Beginning with the so-called "pure" vowel sounds, which are still present in
many continental languages, the Great Vowel Shift marks the end of phonetically paired long and
short vowel sounds.

 1362
English is the official language in England according to the Statute of Pleading. The first
English-language speech given in parliament's opening session.

 1399
King Henry IV delivers the first address in English as a monarch during his coronation.

 Late 15th Century

Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales is published by William Caxton, who brings the first
printing press from the Rhineland to Westminster. Significant increases in literacy rates coincide
with the start of standardized English spelling by printers. The first English-to-Latin dictionary is
released by the monk Galfridus Grammaticus (often referred to as Geoffrey the Grammarian).