BK91 1310 CPF VED 003 QAC H03 0001 - A NDE Procedure For Centrifugal Pumps

Doc. No.
: BK91-1310-CPF-VED-003-
NDE PROCEDURE QAC-H03-0001
Revision A
Date of 22/12/2022
Issue
Page 1 of 69
BLOCK 9 DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PHASE 1

EPCC OF CPF - OIL TREATMENT SYSTEM AND
AUXILIARY SYSTEMS PROJECT
NDE PROCEDURE
FOR Centrifugal Pumps (API610)
Document No: BK91-1310-CPF-VED-003-QAC-H03-0001

PO No.: PO-MER-003
ISSUED FOR
A
REVIEW 22/12/2022 Xu Fengjin Wang Songhua Chen Wei Kong Fanjun
REV. DESCRIPTION DATE PREP’D CHK’D REV’D APP’D
Template No.: BK91-1000-000-GEN-TMP-0011

Revision: 2
Date: 06.07.2021
Doc. No. BK91-1310-CPF-VED-003-
NDE PROCEDURE QAC-H03-0001
Revision A
Date of Issue 22/12/2022
Page 2 of 69
REV DATE REVISION DETAILS
A 22/12/2022 ISSUED FOR REVIEW
2023/1/13
Template No.: BK91-1000-000-GEN-TMP-0011

Revision: 2
Date: 06.07.2021
Technical Quality
Test Procedure
Sulzer Pumps
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Non-destructive Testing – Liquid Penetrant Examination 1 of 10
1 Scope Open surface & Non Porous Materials

1.1 This procedure describes the method to be used for liquid penetrant examination of ferrous and non-ferrous
base material and welds using solvent removable or water-washable color contrast (visible) penetrant.
2 Reference Documents
2.1 All standards, codes and norms refer to the last published edition and addenda, which shall be adopted if
customer is not requiring a former revision.
ASME BPVC Sec. V Article 6 - Liquid Penetrant Examination; Edition 2021
ASNT SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Non-destructive Testing, edition
accepted by the ASME BPVC; Edition 2016 with 2018 Addendum
ASME BPVC Sec. VIII Div. 1 – Pressure Vessels; Edition 2021
ASME B31.3; 2020 Process Piping
AWS D1.1; 2020 Structural Steel Welding Standards
ISO 3452-1; 2020 Non-destructive Testing - Penetrant Testing - Part 1: General Principles
ISO 5817; 2014 Welding – Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 17635; 2017 NDT of Welds – General rules for metallic materials
ISO 23277; 2015 NDT of Welds – PT – Acceptance levels
BS EN 1371-1; 2011 Founding – Liquid penetrant testing – Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low pressure
die castings
BS EN 1371-2; 2015 Founding – Liquid penetrant testing – Part 2: Investment castings
BS EN 10228-2; 2016 Steel Forgings – Part 2: Penetrant testing
ISO 9712; 2021 Non-destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
ISO 3059; 2013 Non-destructive Testing - Penetrant Testing and Magnetic Particle Testing -
Viewing Conditions
Sulzer DT-0002 Liquid Penetrant Test Report
2.2 Sulzer documents referenced may be downloaded from https://www.sulzer.com/q-documents
3 Qualification of Testing Personnel

3.1 The personnel shall be qualified and certified according to ISO 9712, ASNT Recommended Practice No.
SNT-TC-1A, ASNT Central Certification Program, or equivalent national standard (e.g. CAN/CGSB
48.9712) and have a currently valid vision test.
3.2 An operator with PT-level 1 can perform an examination only under the supervision of personnel qualified
and certified PT-level 2 or higher.
3.3 Interpretation and evaluation of results shall only be carried out by personnel qualified and certified PT-
level 2 or higher, who is supervising the examination of PT-level 1 and evaluates the results. When a PT
level 1 participated in the examination, both the PT level 1 and supervising PT level 2 shall sign the
certificate.
3.4 All qualifications and certification must comply, in full, with at least one of the standards referenced in
Section 2.1 of this document and, where applicable, shall be in full compliance with the Project Quality Plan
(Inspection & Test Plan).
Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

This document has been prepared & published under the authority of the Technical Quality Working Group Doc No: TP-0001
Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Form DT-0013EN Rev 00
Technical Quality
Test Procedure
Sulzer Pumps
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4 Consumables
4.1 The level of contaminants of all penetrant materials used during testing shall be analyzed and certified.
When examining austenitic or duplex stainless steel and titanium, the total content of halogens (chlorine,
fluorine, etc.) shall not exceed 0.1% by weight and when examining nickel based alloys, the content of
Sulphur shall not exceed 0.1% by weight (complying with ASME BPVC Section V, Article 6, Mandatory
Appendix II).
4.2 All consumables (Penetrant, Excess Penetrant Remover, and Developer) used for any one test shall be
from the same manufacturer and the same system.
4.3 Hydrophilic or lipophilic emulsifiers are not applicable when visible penetrant materials are used.
5 Test procedure
5.1 Timing of examination
Testing shall be carried out in the manner defined in the order Quality Plan (Inspection & Test Plan), both
in chronological order and material condition.
5.2 Extent of examination
The extent or scope of the examination shall be as defined in the order Quality Plan (Inspection & Test
Plan). Where welds, or specific areas are being examined, then the examination shall include a minimum
of 25 mm (1 inch) outside the area being tested and in the case of welds must include the entire "Heat
Affected Zone (HAZ)".
5.3 Surface preparation
Satisfactory results are generally achieved on surfaces in the as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, as-machined
and as-forged condition.
The surface condition shall be adequate to allow accurate interpretation of indications commensurate with
the acceptance criteria specified.
Note: Shot blasting is not recommended prior to liquid penetrant testing. However, if required, it shall be
as light as possible, in order to avoid closing up or sealing possible discontinuities.
5.4 Pre cleaning
Prior to the application of the penetrant, dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux, weld splatter, paint, oil, and
other extraneous matter that could obscure surface openings or otherwise interfere with the examination
shall be removed from the surface. Typical cleaning agents which may be used are detergents, organic
solvents, descaling solutions and paint removers. Degreasing and ultrasonic cleaning methods may also
be used. The solvent used during the cleaning shall meet the requirements for contamination control given
in section 4 of this procedure.
5.4.1 Mechanical cleaning
Surface preparation by grinding or machining or other methods shall be necessary when the surfaces are
covered in some parts with slag, scale, weld spatter, etc.
For stainless steel grades of materials only austenitic wire brushes shall be used.
Cutting tools (grinding stones rotary burrs etc.) shall be free from ferrous contaminants.
5.4.2 Chemical cleaning
The surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least 25 mm (1 inch) shall be thoroughly
degreased using a suitable solvent.
Drying of the pre-cleaned surfaces shall be accomplished by normal evaporation, forced warm air or by
heated radiators. A minimum drying period of 5 minutes shall elapse before application of the penetrant.
5.5 Penetrant application
The penetrant shall be applied by dipping, spraying (atomizer, spray gun) or by brushing. If spray guns are
used, care must be taken that the compressed air does not contaminate the penetrant, i.e. filters shall be
provided at the air inlet to preclude the entry of dirt, water and oil.

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Test Procedure
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The temperature of the test surface shall be between 10°C (50°F) and 52°C (125°F). Local heating or
cooling is permitted, if necessary.
The penetration time shall be as specified by the penetrant manufacturer, but it shall be not less than 15
minutes and maximum 60 minutes.
During the penetration time the surface to be examined shall not be allowed to dry. If the penetrant has
dried during the penetration time, the surface shall be cleaned and the penetrant re-applied for the full
penetration time.
5.6 Excess penetrant removal
After the penetration time specified has elapsed, any excess penetrant shall be removed, taking care to
minimize removal of penetrant from surface discontinuities.
Remaining traces of penetrant shall be removed by lightly wiping the surface with clean lint-free cloth or
absorbent paper taking care to minimize removal of penetrant from any discontinuities.
5.6.1 Water washable penetrant
Excess penetrant on the surface being examined shall be removed with water. Penetrant shall be
removed manually by wiping the part surface with a dampened rag until most traces of the penetrant are
removed. The final traces of penetrant shall be removed by water spray where the pressure measured at
the outlet shall not exceed 3.5 bar (50 psi), and the water temperature shall not exceed 43°C (110°F).
5.6.2 Solvent removable penetrant
The surface to be examined shall be cleaned using a dry cloth or absorbent paper until most of the
penetrant has been removed. The remaining traces shall be removed by lightly wiping the surface with
cloth or absorbent paper moistened with solvent. To minimize removal of penetrant from discontinuities,
care shall be taken to avoid use of excess solvent.
Note: Flushing the surface with solvent following the application of the penetrant and prior to developing
is prohibited.
5.7 Surface drying prior to application of the developer
5.7.1 Except when using an aqueous wet developer, the area to be examined shall be dried prior to applying
the developer.
5.7.2 When using water for penetrant removal, drying may be accomplished using:
• a clean lint-free cloth or absorbent paper
• hot air circulation, provided the surface temperature is not raised above 52°C (125°F)
5.7.3 When using a solvent for penetrant removal, drying may be accomplished by:
• using a clean lint-free cloth or absorbent paper
• normal evaporation
• warm air circulation, provided the surface temperature is not raised above 52°C (125°F)
Drying time may vary with the type of drying used and the size, nature, geometry, and number of parts
being processed. Drying time shall only be as long as necessary to adequately dry the part.
5.8 Application of developer
5.8.1 Only a wet developer shall be used.
The developer shall be applied as soon as possible after penetrant removal and drying. The time interval
shall not exceed 10 minutes.
The developer shall be applied by spraying by means of an atomizer or a spray gun or an aerosol can to
form a uniform thin coating. Prior to applying suspension type wet developer to the surface, the developer
suspension shall be agitated or shaken to ensure adequate dispersion prior to spraying.
5.8.2 If a solvent suspension (atomizer) is used, surfaces shall be dried by normal evaporation.


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Test Procedure
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5.8.3 If a water suspension is used; Aqueous developers shall be applied to the part immediately after the
excess penetrant has been removed and prior to drying. Aqueous developers shall be prepared and
maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and applied in such a manner as to ensure
complete, even, part coverage.
Aqueous developers may be applied by spraying, flowing, or immersing the part in a prepared developer
bath.
Immerse the parts only long enough to coat all of the part surfaces with the developer since indications
may leach out if the parts are left in the bath too long. After the parts are removed from the developer
bath, allow the parts to drain.
Drain all excess developer from recesses and trapped sections to eliminate pooling of developer, which
can obscure discontinuities.
Dry the parts in accordance with 5.7. The dried developer coating appears as a translucent or white
coating on the part.
5.8.4 The developed surface shall remain untouched.
6 Viewing Conditions
6.1 The viewing conditions shall be such that glare and reflections are avoided.
6.2 For color contrast penetrant, the test surface shall be inspected under daylight or artificial light with a light
intensity of at least 1076 lux (100 fc) on the surface of the tested part.
6.3 The light meter shall be calibrated according to one of the standards listed in Section 2.1 at least once a
year or whenever the light meter has been repaired.
6.4 The calibration must be documented and the record maintained on file.
6.5 The light intensity in the examination area, where usually PT-examinations take place, shall be verified at
least once a year with calibrated light meters, documented and the record maintained on file.
7 Inspection and Evaluation of Indications

7.1 The test surface shall be examined during the application of the developer. Final interpretation of the
indications (bleed-out) shall be made no earlier than 10 minutes and not later than 30 minutes after
application of the developer.
7.2 An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however, the
size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation. Indications with major dimensions
greater than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) shall be considered relevant.
(a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.
(b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal to or less than
three times the width.
(c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not they
are relevant.
7.3 Areas of pigmentation which could mask discontinuities shall be cleaned and re-examined.
7.4 Alternatively other nondestructive testing methods can be applied, to determine if an indication is due to a
defect. Such additional tests shall be reported to Sulzer Pumps.
8 Assessment of Indications
8.1 Due to diversity of order requirements, defect acceptance will be as specified in the order Quality Plan
(Inspection & Test Plan). In the absence of a Quality Plan (Inspection and Test Plan) the Sulzer quality
organization responsible for the order will advise in writing the appropriate acceptance standard.


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8.2 Acceptance Standards

8.2.1 - ASME VIII Div. 1 – Pressure Vessels see Enclosure 1
• Man. App. 8 (Welds and machined parts)
• Man. App. 7 (Castings)
8.2.2 - ASME B31.3 – Process Piping – Chapter VI & IX (High Pressure) see Enclosure 2
• § 341.3.2 / § K341.3.2 (Welds)
• § 302.3.3 / § K302.3.3 (Castings and Forgings)
8.2.3 - ISO 5817 – Welding – Quality levels for imperfections see Enclosure 3
• ISO 17635 – NDT of Welds – General rules for metallic materials
• ISO 23277 – NDT of Welds – PT – Acceptance levels
8.2.4 - AWS D1.1 - Structural Steel Welding Standards see Enclosure 4
• Table 8.1 – Visual Inspection of Welds – Acceptance criteria
9 Post Examination Cleaning
9.1 After the completion of assessment all traces of penetrant and developer have to be removed using solvent
or water, as appropriate.
9.2 For austenitic and duplex stainless steels, the water chloride ion shall not exceed 50 ppm.
10 Reporting
10.1 For each examination and for each item tested shall be completed a report. This report shall include at least
following information:
a) identification of the object tested, including weld joint number, serial number or other identification
number
b) Production stage and/or status of component at time of inspection (before or after the heat treatment)
c) Surface condition, material and thickness
d) Test procedure (identification and revision)
e) Extent of test
f) Test consumables used including manufacturer and batch numbers
g) Lighting equipment
h) Light intensity
i) Method and/or technique used
j) Acceptance criteria
k) Results (i.e. pass or fail) Record indications, if needed, including type, position, length or diameter,
distribution, and if needed, sketch
l) Date of examination and report date, if different
m) Operators' name, qualification (Level) and signature
Reporting of results can be done on Sulzer form DT-0002 or the organization’s form that includes all of the
required information. (https://www.sulzer.com/q-documents)
10.2 Components shall be clearly identified as being either acceptable or rejectable. Non-conforming areas on
components shall be marked on the components themselves, or where this is not possible on an NDE
defect map.


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Enclosure 1) ASME VIII Div. 1
PT Acceptance Standard for welds and machined parts Man. App. 8

Indications with major dimensions greater than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) shall be considered relevant.
All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:

(a) relevant linear indications;
(b) relevant rounded indications greater than 5 mm (3/16 in.);
(c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) or less (edge to
edge).
In addition to the above:
(i) where the drawing indicates the surface finish is required to be Ra1.6, Ra3.2, or in between, machined
surfaces shall be free of any discontinuities;
(ii) where the drawing indicates the surface finish is required to be Ra3.2, Ra6.3, or in between, machined
serrated surfaces shall be free of any discontinuities.
The above surfaces are presumed to be either gasket or O-ring sealing surfaces. Unless confirmation of
the function of the surface is given in writing by Sulzer as being something different than either gasket or
O-ring sealing surfaces for such a surface, the above acceptance criteria apply.
PT Acceptance Standard for steel castings Man. App. 7

Surface indications determined by liquid penetrant examination are unacceptable if they exceed the
following limits:
(a) all cracks and hot tears;
(b) any group of more than six linear indications other than those in (-a) above in any rectangular area of
38 mm × 150 mm (1 1/2 in. × 6 in.) or less or any circular area having a diameter of 88 mm (3 1/2 in.) or
less, these areas being taken in the most unfavorable location relative to the indications being
evaluated;
(c) other linear indications
more than 6 mm (1/4 in.) long for thicknesses up to 19 mm (3/4 in.) inclusive,
more than one‐third of the thickness in length for thicknesses from19 mm to 57 mm (3/4 in. to 2 1/4 in.),
and more than 19 mm (3/4 in.) long for thicknesses over 57 mm (2 1/4 in.)
(aligned acceptable imperfections separated from one another by a distance equal to the length of the
longer imperfection are acceptable);
(d) all indications of nonlinear imperfections which have any dimension exceeding 5 mm (3/16 in.).


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Enclosure 2) ASME B31.3
PT Acceptance Standard for welds Chapter VI (§ 341.3.2)

Indications whose major dimensions are greater than 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) shall be considered relevant.
The following relevant indications are unacceptable:
- Cracks
- Linear indications
- Undercutting
- Surface porosity or exposed slag inclusion at nominal thickness ≤ 5 mm (3/16 in.)
At nominal thickness > 5 mm (3/16 in.):
- rounded indications with dimensions greater than 5.0 mm (3/16 in.),
- four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) or less edge to edge,
PT Acceptance Standard for welds Chapter IX (High Pressure) (§ K341.3.2)

Indications whose major dimensions are greater than 1/16 in.(1.5 mm) shall be considered relevant.
The following relevant indications are unacceptable:
- Cracks
- Undercutting
- Surface porosity or exposed slag inclusion
PT Acceptance Standard for steel castings (§ 302.3.3 / § K302.3.3)

MSS SP-53 (-93)
Maximum acceptable indications are as follows:
Material thickness T Maximum size

mm (in.) mm (in.)
T ≤ 13 (0,5”) 8 (0,3”)
13 (0,5”) < T ≤ 25 (1”) 13 (0,5”)
T > 25 (1”) 18 (0,7”)
For linear indications, the indication must be separated by a distance greater than the length of an acceptable
indication.


Technical Quality
Test Procedure
Sulzer Pumps
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- Rounded indications

mm (in.) mm (in.)
T ≤ 13 (0,5”) Ø 8 (0,3”)
T > 13 (0,5”) Ø 13 (0,5”)
- Four or more rounded indications in line separated by 2.0 mm (0.06”) or less edge to edge.
PT Acceptance Standard for steel forgings (§ 302.3.3 / § K302.3.3)

MSS SP-53 (-93)

mm (in.) mm (in.)
T ≤ 13 (0,5”) 5 (0,2”)
13 (0,5”) < T ≤ 25 (1”) 10 (0,4”)
T > 25 (1”) 15 (0,6”)
For linear indications, the indication must be separated by a distance greater than the length of an acceptable
indication.
- Rounded indications

mm (in.) mm (in.)
T ≤ 13 (0,5”) Ø 5 (0,2”)
T > 13 (0,5”) Ø 8 (0,3”)
- Four or more rounded indications in line separated by 2.0 mm (0,06”) or less edge to edge.


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Enclosure 3) ISO 5817
PT Acceptance Standard for welds

ISO 17635 Non-destructive testing of welds – General rules for metallic materials
Quality Class Test technique and category Acceptance Criteria acc.

according ISO 5817 acc. ISO 3452-1 ISO 23277
B Test category not defined 2X
C Test category not defined 2X
D Test category not defined 3X
ISO 23277 Non-destructive testing of welds – Penetrant testing – Acceptance levels

The admissibility limits for linear indications shall be considered as relevant indications.
Type of indication Acceptance Level a
1 2 3
Linear indication
l = length of indication l ≤ 2 mm l ≤ 4 mm l ≤ 8 mm
Non-linear indication
d = major axle diameter d ≤ 4 mm d ≤ 6 mm d ≤ 8 mm
a Acceptance levels 2 and 3 may be specified with suffix “x” which denotes that all linear indications
detected shall be evaluated to level 1.
However, the probability of detection of indications smaller than those denoted by the original
acceptance level can be low. Linear defect such like crack, lack of fusion and lack of penetration is
NOT acceptable regardless of length.
PT Acceptance Standard for steel castings

BS EN 1371-1:2011 Founding – Liquid penetrant testing – Part 1: Sand, gravity die and low
pressure die castings;
BS EN 1371-2:2015 Founding – Liquid penetrant testing – Part 2: Investment castings;
PT Acceptance Standard for steel forgings

BS EN 10228-2:2011 Steel Forgings – Part 2: Penetrant testing
Note: These three (British) European Standards are not included to this procedure.


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Enclosure 4) AWS D1.1
Statically Cyclically
Loaded Loaded
Discontinuity Category and Inspection Criteria
Nontubular Nontubular
Connections Connections
(1) Crack Prohibition X X
Any crack shall be unacceptable, regardless of size or location.
(2) Weld/Base Metal Fusion
Complete fusion shall exist between adjacent layers of weld
X X
metal and between weld metal and base metal.
(7) Undercut
(A) For material less than 1 in [25 mm] thick, undercut shall not
exceed 1/32 in [1 mm], with the following exception: undercut
shall not exceed 1/16 in [2 mm] for any accumulated length up X
to 2 in [50 mm] in any 12 in [300 mm].
For material equal to or greater than 1 in [25 mm] thick,
undercut shall not exceed 1/16 in [2 mm] for any length of
weld.
(B) In primary members, undercut shall be no more than 0.01
in [0.25 mm] deep when the weld is transverse to tensile stress
under any design loading condition. Undercut shall be no more X
than 1/32 in [1 mm] deep for all other cases.
(8) Porosity
(A) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of
computed tensile stress shall have no visible piping porosity.
X
For all other groove welds and for fillet welds, the sum of the
visible piping porosity 1/32 in [1 mm] or greater in diameter shall
not exceed 3/8 in [10 mm] in any linear inch of weld and shall
not exceed 3/4 in [20 mm] in any 12 in [300 mm] length of weld.
(B) The frequency of piping porosity in fillet welds shall not
exceed one in each 4 in [100 mm] of weld length and the
maximum diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in [2.5 mm].
X
Exception: for fillet welds connecting stiffeners to web, the sum
of the diameters of piping porosity shall not exceed 3/8 in [10
mm] in any linear inch [25 mm] of weld and shall not exceed
3/4 in [20 mm] in any 12 in [300 mm] length of weld.
(C) CJP groove welds in butt joints transverse to the direction of
computed tensile stress shall have no piping porosity.
For all other groove welds, the frequency of piping porosity shall X
not exceed one in 4 in [100 mm] of length and the maximum
diameter shall not exceed 3/32 in [2.5 mm].
Note: An “X” indicates applicability for the connection type; a shaded area indicates non-applicability
Acceptance criteria for ASTM A514, A517, and A709 Grade HPS 100W [HPS 690W] steels shall be based on
inspection performed not less than 48 hours after completion of the weld.



Sulzer Test Procedure
Technical Quality
Sulzer Pumps
Non-destructive Testing – Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of ferritic and martensitic material for Page:
pump shafts 1 of 2
1.0 Scope
1.1 This procedure details the requirements for ultrasonic testing (UT) of ferritic and martensitic material for pump
shafts.
2.0 Reference Standards

2.1 All standards, codes and norms refer to the last published edition and addenda, which has to be adopted if
customer is not requiring a former revision.
a) EN ISO 9712 Non-destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
b) EN 12668-1 Non-destructive Testing – Part 1: Characterization and Verification of Ultrasonic
Examination Equipment
c) EN 12668-3 Non-destructive Testing - Characterization and Verification of Ultrasonic Examination
Equipment – Part 3: Combined Equipment
d) EN 10228-3 Non-destructive Testing of Steel Forgings – Part 3: Ultrasonic Testing of Ferritic or
Martensitic Steel Forgings
e) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V Article 5, Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Materials
f) ASTM A388 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forging
g) ASNT Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A; Personnel Qualification and Certification in Non-destructive
Testing
3.0 Qualification of Testing Personnel

3.1 The personnel shall be qualified and certified according to ISO 9712, SNT-TC-1A or equivalent national
standard (e.g. CAN/CGSB 48.9712).
Paragraph 2.0 of this document and, where applicable, should be in full compliance with the Project Quality
Plan (Inspection & Test Plan).
Vision Requirements by annaul basis
4.0 Examination Conditions
Ultrasonic examination shall be carried out after final heat treatment and proof machining.
4.2 Equipment Equipment Brand &Type and calibration details needs to attach
An ultrasonic test instrument and a probe conforming to ASTM A388 or EN 12668-1 shall be used. Calibration
and checks of the equipment shall be done according to ASME V, T-560 or EN 12668-3.
4.3 Couplant
The couplant shall not be detrimental to the material being examined.
4.4 Sensitivity
Components shall be examined using a distance amplitude curve (DAC) produced from a reference calibration
block with Flat Bottom Holes (FBH). The FBH size shall be selected according to the quality requirements
specified in the acceptance criteria.
4.5 Scanning
Shaft material shall be scanned radially from the outer surfaces with 100 % coverage. Overlapping and
scanning speed shall be according to the applicable standard.
Add to OVerlap 15% & Scanning Speed 150mm/sec
5.0 Assessment of Indications
5.1 Classification of discontinuities shall be in accordance with EN 10228-3.
Revision: 04 Date: 25 May 2018 Amendment: Major rev. - Split in a ferritic / martensitic and an austenitic / duplex version.
This document has been prepared & published under the authority of the Technical Quality Working Group Doc No: TP 0005

Sulzer Test Procedure
Technical Quality
Sulzer Pumps
Non-destructive Testing – Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of ferritic and martensitic material for Page:
pump shafts 2 of 2
5.2 The following indications shall result in rejection of the forgings:

a) Echoes from any cracks
b) Indications in the centre (inner D/3 diameter): EN 10228-3 Quality class 3:
- Isolated indications: > 5.0 mm FBH
- Extended or grouped indications: > 3.0 mm FBH
c) Indications in the periphery (outside the inner D/3 diameter): EN 10228-3 Quality class 4:
- Isolated indications: > 3.0 mm FBH
- Extended or grouped indications: > 2.0 mm FBH
5.3 The following indications shall be recorded:
a) Indications in the centre: > 3.0 mm FBH
b) Indications in the periphery: > 2.0 mm FBH
6.0 Reporting
6.1 For each examination and for each item tested shall be completed a report. This report has to include at least
following information:
a) Identification of the object tested
b) Surface condition
c) Test procedure (identification and revision)
d) Extent of examination
e) Restrictions which limit the effectiveness of the examination
f) Equipment used (ultrasonic test instrument, probes, calibration and reference blocks, couplant)
g) Scanning diagram showing extent of coverage
h) Results (of the recording indications: size, depth, position and classification of defects, eventually with
drawing)
i) Date of examination
j) Operators' name, qualification (Level) and signature
6.2 Components shall be clearly identified as being either acceptable or rejectable. Non-conforming areas on
components shall be marked on the components themselves, or where this is not possible on an NDE defect
map.
Revision: 04 Date: 25 May 2018 Amendment: Major rev. - Split in a ferritic / martensitic and an austenitic / duplex version.

Technical Quality
Test Procedure
Sulzer Pumps
Non-destructive Testing – Radiographic Examination (RT) of welded joints Page:
according to ISO 17636-1 1 of 32
1.0 Scope
1.1 This procedure details the requirements for the radiographic examination (RT) of welded joints with wall
thickness up to 101 mm, using X-ray or gamma ray source, class T3 or better industrial radiographic films
and wire-type IQI`s, based on the ISO requirements.
2.0 Reference Standards

2.1 The edition of the standards given below shall be applied. If no edition is given, then the latest published
edition and addenda shall be applied.
- ISO 5579; 2014 Non-destructive Testing - Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and
X- or gamma rays – Basic rules
- ISO 17636-1; 2021 Non-destructive testing of welds - Radiographic testing - Part 1: X- and gamma-ray
techniques with film
- ISO 19232-1/-5; 2013 Non-destructive Testing - Image Quality of Radiographs
Part 1 (wire type) / Part 2 (step/hole type) / Part 3 (Image quality classes) / Part 4
(image quality levels) / Part 5 (duplex wire)
- ISO 11699-1; 2012 Non-destructive Testing – Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for Industrial
Radiography /
- ISO 11699-2; 2018 Part 2: Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic Film
Processing
- EN 12543-2; 2021 Non-destructive testing. Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems
for use in non-destructive testing.
- EN 12679; 2018 Non-destructive testing - Radiographic testing - Determination of the size of
industrial radiographic gamma sources
- ISO 10675-1; 2022 Non-destructive testing of welds – Acceptance Criteria
- ISO 9712; 2021 Non-destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
- SNT-TC-1A; 2016 Non-destructive Testing - Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
3.0 Qualification of testing personnel

3.1 The personnel shall be qualified and certified according to ISO 9712, SNT-TC-1A, or equivalent national
3.2 An operator with RT-level 1 can perform an examination only under the supervision of personnel qualified
and certified RT-level 2 or higher.
3.3 Interpretation and evaluation of results shall only be carried out by personnel qualified and certified RT-
level 2 or higher, who is supervising the examination of RT-level 1 and evaluates the results. Both have to
sign the records.
Paragraph 2.0 of this document and, where applicable, should be in full compliance with the Project Quality
Plan (Inspection & Test Plan). Vision Requirements of annaul basis
4.0 Examination Conditions

4.1 Classification of radiographic techniques
Radiographic techniques are divided into two test categories:
- Test category A: basic techniques (comparable to ASME V Art. 2);
- Test category B: improved test techniques.
Test category B techniques are used when test category A techniques are too insensitive.
The choice of radiographic technique must be agreed between the contracting parties.
Revision: 07 Date: 19 Oct 2022 Amendment: Completely revised


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4.2 Timing of examination:

Testing shall be carried out in the manner defined in the project Quality Plan (Inspection & Test Plan), both
in chronological order and material condition.
4.3 Extent of Examination:
The extent or scope of the examination shall be as defined in the project Quality Plan (Inspection & Test
Plan). Where only a percentage of the welds are required to be examined, this shall be calculated based
on the total number of butt welds multiplied by the percentage and rounded up to the next whole number.
It shall be assured that work representative of each welder is included in the sample radiographed and
further that at least 1 foot (30 cm) of weld seam is examined per 100 feet (30 m) of weld.
All repaired welds have to be examined in the same way as the original weld, unless other instructions are
given in the project Inspection & Test Plan.
4.4 Surface preparation
Welds shall be radiographed in the "as-welded" condition with weld spatter removed. The surface con-
dition shall be such that any irregularities shall not mask or be confused with the image of any disconti-
nuity. Where excessive weld ripples, humps or craters occur they shall be dressed prior to radiographic
examination. 1 Inch from Both sides of the weld
4.5 Visual examination

All welds shall be visually inspected for defects that may impair the quality of the radiograph produced
5.0 Equipment and Source
5.1 X-ray source up to 1 000 kV
To obtain good defect detection sensitivity, the X-ray tube voltage should be as low as possible. The
maximum values of the X-ray tube voltage as a function of the radiographed thickness are given in Fig. 1.
Fig. A1 - Maximum X-ray tube voltage of X-ray sources up to 1 000 kV as a function of the irradiated
thickness and material

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Legend
U voltage of the X-ray source, kV w radiated thickness, mm
1 Copper and nickel and their alloys 2 Steel
3 Titanium and its alloys 4 Aluminum and its alloys
NOTE The calculations for the curves in Fig. A1 are described in Enclosure 3.
For some applications where a change in thickness occurs over the radiographed area of the test object, a
change in tube voltage may be made. However, it should be considered that an excessively high tube
voltage will result in a loss of defect detection sensitivity. For copper, nickel and their alloys, the increase in
tube voltage shall not exceed 60 kV. For steel, the increase shall not exceed 50 kV; for titanium and its
alloys, the increase shall not exceed 40 kV; and for aluminum and its alloys, the increase shall not exceed
30 kV. These increases should be applied in proportion to the differences between weld and base metal
thickness.
5.2 Other radiation sources
Permissible ranges of transmitted thickness for gamma-ray sources are given in Table 1.
Safety Requirements
Transmitted thickness
w
Source mm
Test Category A Test Category B
Tm 170 w≤5 w≤5
Yb 169 1 ≤ w ≤ 15 2 ≤ w ≤ 12
Se 75 10 ≤ w ≤ 40 14 ≤ w ≤ 40
Ir 192 20 ≤ w ≤ 100 20 ≤ w ≤ 90
Co 60 40 ≤ w ≤ 200 60 ≤ w ≤ 150
Table 1 - Ranges of transmitted thickness of the test object for gamma-ray sources for steel, copper and
nickel-based alloys.
5.3 Other equipment used during the RT and evaluation processes shall be calibrated and checked at intervals
not to exceed:
- Daily check (or check prior to use) of densitometer and temperature sensors in developing equipment.
- Quarterly calibration of densitometer
- Annually calibration of step wedge film


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6 Technique
6.1 Exposure arrangements
6.1.1 General
If possible, radiographic techniques according to 6.1.2 to 6.1.9 (Fig. 1 to Fig. 19) must be used. The films
must be placed as close as possible to the test specimen.
The ellipse technique (double wall/double image) according to Fig. 11 should only be used for De ≤ 100
mm, wall thicknesses t ≤ 8 mm and weld widths ≤ De/4. Two images offset by 90° are sufficient for t/De <
0.12, otherwise three ellipse images are required. The distance between the two depicted welds must
correspond approximately to one weld width.
If it is not possible to perform an elliptical test for De ≤ 100 mm, the perpendicular technique according to
6.1.7 (Fig. 12) may be used. In this case, three uptakes offset by 120° or 60° from each other are required,
depending on the spatial conditions around the pipe.
For the imaging arrangements according to Fig. 13 and Fig. 14, the inclination of the beam must be as
small as possible and directed in such a way that superimposition of the two images is avoided. The
distance beam source - test object, f', for the technique according to Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 must be as small
as possible according to 11.1. The BPK must be placed close to the film together with a lead letter "F" on
the side facing the film.
Appendix A specifies the minimum number of radiographs required to obtain a sufficiently complete
radiographic inspection over the entire circumference of a butt weld in a pipe.
6.1.2 Single-wall radiography of plane test objects (see Fig. 1)
Legend:
S Source
f Distance between source and object
b Distance between source-side of object to film
t Nominal thickness
F Film
Fig. 1 – Exposure arrangement for plane welds with the radiation source on one side and the film on the
opposite side
NOTE If the distance b in Figure 1 is less than 1.2 t, then the nominal thickness t may be used for b and f
can be considered as the distance from the radiation source to the surface of the base metal.


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6.1.3 Single-wall radiography of curved test objects with the radiation source outside the test object (see Figure 2
to Figure 4).
Fig. 2 – Exposure arrangement for curved test objects with the radiation source outside and the film inside
NOTE If the distance b in Figure 2 is less than 1.2 t, then the nominal thickness t may be used for b and f
can be considered as the distance from the radiation source to the surface of the base material.
Fig. 3 – Exposure arrangement for inserted welds with the radiation source on the outside and the film on
the inside
Fig. 4 - Arrangement for recording surface-mounted welds with the radiation source outside and the film
inside


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6.1.4 Single-wall radiography of curved test specimens with the radiation source inside the test specimen for
central exposures (see Fig. 5 to Fig. 7)
Fig. 5 – Exposure arrangement for welds with centrally located source (central projection) and film
outside
Fig. 6 – Exposure arrangement for inserted welds with the radiation source arranged on the centre axis of
the tube perpendicular to the centre of the weld and film on the outside
Fig. 7 – Exposure arrangement for surface-mounted welds with the radiation source arranged on the centre
axis of the tube perpendicular to the centre of the weld and film on the outside


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6.1.5 Single-wall radiography of curved test objects with eccentric radiation source inside the test object (see Fig.
8 to Fig. 10)
Fig. 8 – Exposure arrangement for welds with the radiation source eccentric inside the test object and film
outside
Fig. 9 – Exposure arrangement for inserted welds with eccentric radiation source inside the test object and
film outside
Fig. 10 – Exposure arrangement for surface-mounted welds with eccentric radiation source inside the test
object and film on the outside


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6.1.6 Double-wall double-image transmission technique (DW-DI) for tubes with elliptical technique and radiation
source and film outside the test object (see Fig. 11)
Fig. 11 – Exposure arrangement for both tube walls with the ellipse technique
NOTE The distance beam source - test object can be determined on the basis of the perpendicular
distance f', calculated from b'.
6.1.7 Double-wall double-image transmission technique (DW-DI) with perpendicular technique and radiation
source and film outside the test object (see Fig. 12)
Fig. 12 – Exposure arrangement for both tube walls with the perpendicular technique


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6.1.8 Double-wall single-image radiographic technique (DW-SI) of curved test specimens for evaluating the wall
near the film (see Fig. 13 to Fig. 16)
Fig. 13 – Exposure arrangement for curved test specimens with radiation source outside for assessing the
wall close to the film with IQI applied film-side
Fig. 14 – Exposure arrangement for curved test specimens with the radiation source located directly on the
surface on the outside for assessing the wall near the film with IQI applied film-side
Fig. 15 – Exposure arrangement for tubes with longitudinal weld seam with radiation source outside for
assessing the wall close to the film with IQI applied film-side
Fig. 16 – Exposure arrangement for inserted weld seams with radiation source outside for assessing the
wall close to the film with IQI applied film-side


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6.1.9 Radiography of test specimens with different material thicknesses (see Fig. 17 to Fig. 19)
a) Arrangement for support Arrangement for the support

without wall thickness compensation with wall thickness compensation
Legend
1 Wall thickness compensation
Fig. 17 – Exposure arrangement for fillet welds with inclined film arrangement
Fig. 18 – Exposure arrangement for taking fillet welds with vertical film
Fig. 19 – Exposure arrangement for multi-film technique


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7.0 Location Markers

Location markers (that is, lead or high-atomic number metals or letters that are to appear as images on the
radiographic film) should be placed on the part being examined, whenever practical, and not on the
cassette. Their exact locations should also be marked on the surface of the part being radiographed, thus
permitting the area of interest to be located accurately on the part, and they should remain on the part
during radiographic inspection.
Markers shall be placed alongside but clear of the outer edges of the weld to identify the position of the
area under examination; see Enclosure 2.
7.1 Film Overlap
The separate radiographs of a welded joint shall overlap to show common markers ensuring that no portion
of the joint remains unexamined.
8.0 Identification of Radiographs
Each section of the weld radiograph shall have suitable symbols affixed to identify:
▪ contract order number
▪ the pipe reference number and/or drawing number
▪ the weld reference number
▪ the section of the weld
▪ date of exposure
▪ IQI location marker
The weld reference number for radiographs of weld repairs shall be clearly identified (e.g. suffixed with the
letter "R" and the repair sequence i.e. "R1", "R2", etc.).
8.1 Marking of the radiographed item

The joint shall be marked to provide reference points for accurate re-location of each radiograph during the
assessment period.
For stainless steels, markings shall be made with a marker pen containing halogen and chloride free ink.
9.0 Density of radiograph
The photographic density of the film shall be as defined in Table 1, below. The density of the film shall be
checked using a calibrated densitometer.
Test Category Single Viewing Composite viewing of multiple film

exposure
Minimum Maximum Minimum for any Maximum of all
single film films together
A 2.0 4.2 a) 1.3 4.2 a)
B 2.3 4.2 a) 1.3 4.2 a)
a) Depending on the film viewer (150`000 cd / m2)
Table 2: Film Density Acceptance limits


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10.0 Image quality indicators (IQI)

10.1 Type and position of the image quality indicator (IQI).
The image quality must be verified by using IQI according to ISO 19232-1. IQI according to ASTM E 747 or
JIS Z2306 may also be used in lieu thereof, if their material group is better suited to the test object or test
component. Tables for the conversion of wire numbers from ASTM E 747, JIS Z2306 and ISO 19232-1 can
be found in these documents. By agreement between the contracting parties, other IQI with the same
radiation attenuation as the test object and the same dimensions as specified in ISO 19232-1 may also be
used.
The wire IQI used shall be placed on the side of the test object facing the radiation source, in the center of
the test area to be evaluated (area of interest), on the base metal next to the weld. The identification marks
and, if used, the lead mark "F" shall not be located in the weld test area to be evaluated (HAZ), unless the
geometric configuration does not permit otherwise. The IQI shall be located close to the surface of the test
object; it must lie in an area of uniform thickness characterized by uniform optical density of the film.
Following must be considered:
If a wire IQI is used, the wires shall be oriented perpendicular to the weld and its location shall ensure that
at least 10 mm of the wire length is in an area of uniform optical density, this area usually being in the base
metal adjacent to the weld. For radiographs in accordance with 6.1.6 and 6.1.7 (Figure 11 and Figure 12),
the IQI with the wires should be placed transverse to the pipe axis; the projection of the wires should not
project into the image of the weld. For outer diameters of the pipe smaller than 50 mm, the visible wire
length may be shorter than 10 mm. In this case, the visible wire length shall be ≥ 20% of the outer diameter
of the pipe.
For single wall radiography techniques in 6.1.4 and 6.1.5 (Figure 5 through Figure 10), the IQI used may be
placed on either the source- or the film-side. If the IQIs cannot be placed on the source-side, they shall be
placed on the film-side and the image quality shall be determined at least once under the same conditions
by a comparison exposure with a IQI on the source-side and a second IQI on the film-side.
In the case of double-wall radiography techniques according to 6.1.6 and 6.1.7 (Figure 11 to Figure 12), the
BPK used shall be placed on the source-side. By agreement between the contracting parties, the IQI may
be arranged on the film-side.
In the case of double wall radiography techniques according to 6.1.8 (Figure 13 to Figure 16), the IQI used
may be arranged on the film-side. If the IQI is placed on the film-side.
If the IQI is placed on the film-side, the letter "F" shall be placed close to the IQI and visible on the
radiographic image and this shall be indicated in the test report.
10.2 Number of IQIs:
If it has been ensured that radiographic images of similar test objects and areas are produced with identical
recording and processing techniques and no differences in the image quality number are likely, it is not
necessary to prove the image quality for each radiographic image. The extent of image quality verification
should be agreed between the contracting parties.
For radiographs of pipes with a centrally located radiation source, at least three IQI should be distributed
evenly around the circumference. The films with the images of the IQIs are then considered representative
of the entire circumference.


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10.3 Essential wire required:
Table 3 & 4 SW – SI, IQI source-side
Nominal Test Nominal Test Category

thickness Category A thickness B
t t
mm mm
t ≤ 1,2 W 18 t ≤ 1,5 W 19
1,2 < t ≤ 2,0 W 17 1,5 < t ≤ 2,5 W 18
2,0 < t ≤ 3,5 W 16 2,5 < t ≤ 4 W 17
3,5 < t ≤ 5,0 W 15 4<t≤6 W 16
5,0 < t ≤ 7 W 14 6<t≤8 W 15
7 < t ≤ 10 W 13 8 < t ≤ 12 W 14
10 < t ≤ 15 W 12 12 < t ≤ 20 W 13
15 < t ≤ 25 W 11 20 < t ≤ 30 W 12
25 < t ≤ 32 W 10 30 < t ≤ 35 W 11
32 < t ≤ 40 W9 35 < t ≤ 45 W 10
40 < t ≤ 55 W8 45 < t ≤ 65 W9
55 < t ≤ 85 W7 65 < t ≤ 120 W8
85 < t ≤ 150 W6
Table 5 & 6 DW – DI, IQI source-side
Transmitted Test Category Transmitted Test Category

thickness A thickness B
w w
mm mm
w ≤ 1,2 W 18 w ≤ 1,5 W 19
1,2 < w ≤ 2 W 17 1,5 < w ≤ 2,5 W 18
2 < w ≤ 3,5 W 16 2,5 < w ≤ 4 W 17
3,5 < w ≤ 5 W 15 4<w≤6 W 16
5<w≤7 W 14 6<w≤8 W 15
7 < w ≤ 12 W 13 8 < w ≤ 15 W 14
12 < w ≤ 18 W 12 15 < w ≤ 25 W 13
18 < w ≤ 30 W 11 25 < w ≤ 38 W 12
30 < w ≤ 40 W 10 38 < w ≤ 45 W 11
40 < w ≤ 50 W9 45 < w ≤ 55 W 10
50 < w ≤ 60 W8 55 < w ≤ 70 W9
60 < w ≤ 85 W7 70 < w ≤ 100 W8
85 < w ≤ 120 W6 100 < w ≤ 170 W7


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Table 7 & 8 DW – SI or DW - DI, IQI film-side
Transmitted Test Category Transmitted Test Category

thickness A thickness B
w w
mm mm
w ≤ 1,2 W 18 w ≤ 1,5 W 19
1,2 < w ≤ 2 W 17 1,5 < w ≤ 2,5 W 18
2 < w ≤ 3,5 W 16 2,5 < w ≤ 4 W 17
3,5 < w ≤ 5 W 15 4<w≤6 W 16
5 < w ≤ 10 W 14 6 < w ≤ 12 W 15
10 < w ≤ 15 W 13 12 < w ≤ 18 W 14
15 < w ≤ 22 W 12 18 < w ≤ 30 W 13
22 < w ≤ 38 W 11 30 < w ≤ 45 W 12
38 < w ≤ 48 W 10 45 < w ≤ 55 W 11
48 < w ≤ 60 W9 55 < w ≤ 70 W 10
60 < w ≤ 85 W8 70 < w ≤ 100 W9
85 < w ≤ 125 W7 100 < w ≤ 180 W8
11.0 Geometric Un-Sharpness
11.1 Source – object distance

The minimum distance source - object fmin depends on the focal spot size d and the distance object - film
(measured from the source side of the object to the film) b or b'. The focal spot size d must be determined
according to the EN 12543 or EN 12679 series of standards.


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Values from the manufacturer may be used if they comply with these documents.
If the focal spot size is described by two dimensions, the larger of the two must be used.
The distance f or f' must be chosen so that the ratio of this distance to the focal spot size d, i.e. f/d or f'/d,
does not fall below the values given by equation (1) and equation (2):
For simplicity, only f and b are used in these equations. The equations also apply to f' and b', as shown in
Fig. 11, 12, Fig. 13 and 14.
For test category A, equation (1) is applied: 𝑓/𝑑 ≥ 7.5∙𝑏2/3 (1)
For test category B, equation (2) is applied: 𝑓/𝑑≥15∙𝑏2/3 (2)
Here, d, f, and b are given in millimeters.
If the distance b < 1.2t, the dimension b in equation (1) and equation (2) and in Figure 20 must be replaced
by the nominal thickness t.
To determine the distance source - object fmin or f'min, the ladder diagram in Fig. 20 can be used. The ladder
diagram is based on equation (1) and equation (2).
If planar irregularities shall be verified for test category A, the minimum distance fmin or f'min shall be the
same as for test category B, thus reducing the geometric uncertainty by a factor of 2.
In critical technical applications on crack-sensitive materials, a more sensitive radiographic technique than
test category B must be used.


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Legend
fmin Minimum distance source - object, in mm B Test category B

d Focal spot size, in mm A Test category A
b distance test object - film, in mm
Fig. 20 - Ladder diagram for determining the minimum distance between source and test object fmin as a
function of the distance between test object and film b and the size d of the source.
If the ellipse technique according to 6.1.6 (Fig. 11) or the perpendicular technique according to 6.1.7 (Fig.
12) is used, the outer diameter Do of the tube must be used as b or b' in equation (1) and equation (2) and
in Fig. 20.
If the radiation source is outside the test object and the film is on the other side [technique according to
6.1.8 (Fig. 13 to Fig. 16) as double-wall radiation/single-image evaluation], the minimum distance radiation
source - test object is determined only by the wall thickness, i.e. not by the tube diameter.
Where possible, the double wall radiography technique (see 6.1.8, Figure 13 to Figure 16) should
preferably be avoided by locating the radiation source within the test object to be radiographed (see 6.1.4
and 6.1.5, Figure 5 to Figure 10) to achieve a more suitable alignment of the test. The reduction of the
minimum radiation source - test object distance should not exceed 20%, provided that the IQI requirements
are met.
If the radiation source is centered inside the test object and the film is outside (technique according to
6.1.4, Figure 5), this percentage value may be increased, provided the IQI requirements are met. However,
the reduction of the minimum distance source - test object must not exceed 50 %. A further reduction of the
minimum distance may be agreed between the contracting parties, provided that the IQI requirements are
met.
11.3 Object – film distance

Wherever possible, the film cassette shall be in contact with the weld surface. When contact is not
possible, the film to weld distance shall be noted in the radiographic examination reports.
For double wall - double image method, the object to film distance shall be taken to be the outside diameter
of the pipe.
12.0 Interception of unwanted and scattered Radiation

The presence of backscattered radiation must be checked with a lead letter B (with a minimum height of 10
mm and a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm) placed directly behind each film or cassette for each new
exposure setup. This must be outside the image of the weld and HAZ in the Area of Interest.
If necessary, the film shall be shielded from back scattered radiation by lead at least 1.5 mm thick placed
behind the film-screen combination.
In order to reduce the effect of scattered radiation, adequate masking shall be provided so as to limit the
area irradiated to the section under examination.
12.1 Excessive scatter:

If a light image of the “B,” appears on a darker background of the radiograph, protection from backscatter is
insufficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable.
A dark image of the “B” on a lighter background is not cause for rejection.


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13.0 Film Type and Intensifying Screens
Radiographic film shall be ISO 11699-1 Class T3 (ASTM E 1815 Type II) or better and have a
maximum fog density of 0.3.
System class Min. Gradient at Min. Max. Grain e.g.

ISO CEN 584-1 ASTM K7627 gradient- size AGFA
11699-1 E1815 D=2 D=4 noise ratio
above D0 above D0 D=2 D=2
above D0 above D0
C1 Special 4,5 7,5 300 0,018 D2
T1 T1
C2 4,3 7,4 270 0,018 D3
C3 I 4,1 6,8 180 0,023 D4
T2 T2
C4 4,1 6,8 150 0,028 D5
T3 C5 II T3 3,8 6,4 120 0,032 D7
T4 C6 III T4 3,5 5,0 100 0,039 D8
W-A W-A 130
W-B W-B 110
W-C W-C 80
Table 9; Film system class
Source Transmitted Film system class Metallic screens

thickness acc. CEN 584-1 type and thickness
w Test Test Test category A Test category B
category A category B
X-Ray Tube C5 C3 None or up to 0,03 mm lead front and
U ≤ 100 kV back screens
X-Ray Tube Up to 0,15 mm lead front and back

100 kV < U ≤ 150 kV screens
X-Ray Tube C4 0,02 mm up to 0,15 mm lead front and

150 kV < U ≤ 250 kV back screens
Yb 169 w ≤ 5 mm C5 C3 None or up to 0,03 mm lead front and

Tm 170 back screens
w > 5 mm C4 0,02 mm up to 0,15 mm lead front and
back screens
X-Ray Tube w ≤ 50 mm C5 C4 0,02 mm up to 0,2 mm lead front and
250 kV < U ≤ 500 kV back screens
w > 50 mm C5 0,1 mm up to 0,2 mm lead front
screen
0,02 mm up to 0,2 mm lead back
screen
X-Ray Tube w ≤ 75 mm C5 C4 0,25 mm up to 0,7 mm steel or copper
500 kV < U ≤ 1000 kV w > 75 mm C5 front and back screens


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Se 75 w ≤ 5 mm C5 C4 0,02 mm up to 0,2 mm lead front and

back screens
Ir 192 C5 C4 0,02 mm up to 0,1 mm up to 0,2
0,2 mm lead front mm lead front
screen screen
0,02 mm up to 0,2 mm lead back
screen
Co 60 w ≤ 100 mm C5 C4 0,25 mm up to 0,7 mm steel or copper
w ≤ 100 mm C5 front and back screens
Table 10 X-ray source voltage, U, film system classes and metallic screens for radiography of steel,
copper and nickel-based alloys.
All screen shall be clean and free from scratches, grease, dirt and all that can interfere with the
interpretation of the film.
Preferred vacuum packed films shall be used.
14.0 Processing
The film shall be processed manually or automatically in accordance with requirements of the film system
used. The film or the processing solution or both shall be agitated during development. The development
time and temperature shall be in accordance with the film manufacturer’s recommendations. The
radiographs shall be free from processing imperfections or defects, which would interfere with
interpretation.
Films shall be processed in accordance with the ISO 11699-2 Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of
Industrial Radiographic Film Processing. The storage durability of the radiographic film shall be 25 years
minimum.
15.0 Viewing
The radiographs shall be examined by diffused light in a darkened room with the illuminated area that will
not cause troublesome reflections, shadows or glare on the radiograph image. Ambient light in the viewing
area shall not exceed 30 Lux (lx).
Viewing equipment for interpretation shall include a light source sufficient for the essential IQI to be visible
for the specified density range.
The films shall be free from all blemishes, mechanical damage or defects, which would interfere with
interpretation.
16.0 Assessment of Indications

Due to diversity of project requirements, defect acceptance will be as specified in the project Quality Plan
(Inspection & Test Plan). The Sulzer Purchase Order or Production Order operation text will include the
project specific requirements or reference the document wherein it is specified. In the absence of a Quality
Plan (Inspection & Test Plan) the Sulzer quality organisation responsible for the project will advise in writ-
ing the appropriate acceptance standard.
See attachment 1;
1. ISO 10675-1 Non-destructive testing of welds – Acceptance levels for radiographic testing –
Part 1: Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys


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17.0 Reporting
For each examination and for each item tested shall be completed a report. This report has to include at
least following information:
▪ Identification of the object tested
▪ Material thickness
▪ Welding process used
▪ Test procedure (identification and revision)
▪ Extent of examination
▪ Restrictions which limit the effectiveness of the examination
▪ Equipment used (X-ray tube, manufacturer, kV used, focus size and angle of beam to film)
▪ Radiographic technique (exposure time, source to film distance and object to film distance)
▪ Film brand and type, screen and filter details
▪ Density range
▪ Type of IQI and sensitivity
▪ Processing technique
▪ Acceptance criteria
▪ Interpretation, results (type of defects)
▪ Date of examination and date of evaluation, if different
▪ Operators'/film viewers' name, qualification (Level) and signature
▪ Dimensional map of marker placement (if used)
▪ Number of radiographs (exposures)
▪ Number of film in each film holder or cassette
▪ Single- or double-wall exposure
▪ Single- or double-wall viewing
▪ A listing of each radiograph location
Components shall be clearly identified as being either acceptable or rejectable. Non-conforming areas on
components shall be marked on the components themselves, or where this is not possible on an NDE
defect map.
Customer shall be notified if any examined item is rejectable.


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Enclosure 1: Number of exposures
Number of exposures for sufficient testing of a butt-welded circumferential weld.
The minimum number of fixtures required is shown in Fig. B.1 to Fig. B.4, which apply to all pipes except
those tested with double-wall/double-image techniques according to 6.1.6 and 6.1.7 (Fig. 11 and Fig.
12).
If the deviation of the wall thickness Δt/t of the weld to be tested does not exceed 20% (test category A)
when using a single image, Figure B.3 and Figure B.4 are applied. This technique is only recommended
if the probability of transverse cracks is low or if the weld is tested for such irregularities using other non-
destructive testing methods.
If Δt/t is 10% or less (test category B), Figure B.1 and Figure B.2 are applied. In this case, it is likely that
transverse cracks will also be detected.
If the test object is tested for individual transverse cracks, the required minimum number of radiographs
must be higher than the values in Figure B.1 to Figure B.4.
Figure B.1 - Minimum number of exposures N for single-wall radiography with external radiation source at a
maximum permissible increase in the radiographed thickness Δt/t = 10 % (test category B) as a function
of the ratios t/De and De/f, due to oblique radiography in the assessable areas with sufficient optical density


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Legend
1 Area of the pipe wall (inaccessible)
Fig. B.2 - Minimum number of exposures N for eccentric radiography with internal radiation source as well
as for double-wall radiography with a maximum permissible increase in the radiographed thickness Δt/t =
10 % (test category B) as a function of the ratios t/De and De/SFD, due to the oblique radiography in the
assessable areas with sufficient optical density


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Figure B.3 - Minimum number of exposures N for single-wall radiography with external radiation source at a
maximum permissible increase in the radiographed thickness Δt/t = 20 % (test category A) as a function
of the ratios t/De and De/f, due to oblique radiography in the assessable areas with sufficient optical density


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Legend
1 Area of the pipe wall (inaccessible)
Fig. A.4 - Minimum number of exposures N for eccentric radiography with internal radiation source as well
as for double-wall radiography with a maximum permissible increase in the radiographed thickness Δt/t =
20 % (test category A) as a function of the ratios t/De and De/SFD, due to the oblique radiography in the
assessable areas with sufficient optical density


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Enclosure 2: Location markers

Reference: ASME V, Article 2, Figure T-275
Legend:  radiation source Position of the localization markers:
• localization markers YES acceptable
+ component center NO not acceptable
overlap
YES t
YES YES
Mf
X X
NO
t  Mf
plates, longitudinal welds only if additional coverage: X =
D2
YES YES YES YES
NO NO
YES YES
curved components from the inside

curved components from the inside with source-film distance equal to the radius
with source-film distance lesser than radius
YES YES
NO
NO NO
YES YES
curved components from the inside curved components from the outside
with source-film distance greater than radius


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Enclosure 3 Calculation of the maximum X-ray tube stresses from Fig. A1

The X-ray tube stresses, as shown in Fig. A1, are calculated differently in the w range from 0 mm to 10
mm and in the range of w > 10 mm are calculated differently, see Table C.1. The higher X-ray tube
voltages in the w range from 0 mm to 10 mm were calculated taking into account the difference in
thickness between the base metal and weld in the w < 10 mm range were introduced in the 1970s. This
allows the weld seam and the base metal to be irradiated with a single film without the need for a
Multi-film technique is required.
Table C.1 - Approximate formulas for calculating maximum tube stresses as used in
Figure A1 used
Maximum tube voltage corresponding to the transmitted

thickness w
kV
w ≤ 10 mm w > 10 mm
Copper, Nickel and its alloys U = 120 + 9w U = 48 w 0,65
Steel a) U = 100 + 7,5w U = 40 w 0,64
a) Forsteel applications, the practitioner can also use the less accurate approximation up to a thickness
of 45 mm: Usteel ≈ 100 + 8w.


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Attachment 1 Acceptance Criteria acc. ISO 10675-1
Quality Level Test technique and Acceptance class

according to ISO 5817 category according to ISO according to ISO 10675-1
17636-1
B B 1
C B a) 2
D minimum A 3
a) However, the minimum number of radiographs for the inspection of circumferential
welds may comply with the requirements of ISO 17636-1, Category A.
Annex A.1 Acceptability limits for internal indications in butt welds
ISO 10675-1
No. Irregularity Class 3 a) Class 2 a) Class 1
1 crack (100)
longitudinal (101) Not acceptable Not acceptable Not acceptable
transverse (102)
crater (104)
2a uniformly distributed A ≤ 2,5 % A ≤ 1,5 % A≤1%
porosity and gas pores d ≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
(2012, 2011)
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
single-layer
2b uniformly distributed A≤5% A≤3% A≤2%
porosity and gas pores d ≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
(2012, 2011)
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
multi-layer
3 b) clustered (localized) dA ≤ wp, max. 25 dA ≤ wp, max. 20 dA ≤ wp/2, max. 15
porosity (2013) mm mm mm
d ≤ 0,4s, max. 5 mm d ≤ 0,3s, max. 4 mm d ≤ 0,2s, max. 3 mm
4 c) linear porosity (2014) l ≤ s, max. 75 mm l ≤ s, max. 50 mm l ≤ s, max. 25 mm
d ≤ 0,4s, max. 4 mm d ≤ 0,3s, max. 3 mm d ≤ 0,2s, max. 2 mm
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
d)
5 elongated cavity (2015) h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm h < 0,3s, max. 3 mm h < 0,2s, max. 2 mm
worm-hole (2016) Σl ≤ s, max. 75 mm Σl ≤ s, max. 50 mm Σl ≤ s, max. 25 mm
L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
e)
6 shrinkage cavity h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm
(except crater pipes) l ≤ 25 mm Not acceptable Not acceptable
(202)
7 crater pipes (2024) h ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm Not acceptable Not acceptable
l ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm


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Irregularity Class 3 a) Class 2 a) Class 1

d)
8 slag inclusion (301) h < 0,4s, max. 4 mm h < 0,3s, max. 3 mm h < 0,2s, max. 2 mm
flux inclusion (302) Σl ≤ s, max. 75 mm Σl ≤ s, max. 50 mm Σl ≤ s, max. 25 mm
oxide inclusion (303) L = 100 mm L = 100 mm L = 100 mm
9 metallic inclusion (304) l ≤ 0,4s, max. 4 mm l ≤ 0,3s, max. 3 mm l ≤ 0,2s, max. 2 m
(except copper)
10 copper inclusion (3042) Not acceptable Not acceptable Not acceptable
e)
11 lack of fusion (401) not up to surface
l ≤ 0,4s, max. 4 mm
not continuous and Not acceptable Not acceptable
not up to surface
Σl ≤ 25 mm, L = 100
mm
12 e) incomplete penetration Σl ≤ 25 mm, L = 100 Not acceptable Not acceptable
(402) mm
a) The admissibility limits 3 and 2 may be followed by an X indicating that all displays over 25 mm are
not allowed.
b) see image C1 and C2
c) see image C3 and C4
d) see image C5 and C6
e) If the length of the weld is less than 100 mm, the maximum length of the indicators must not exceed
25% of the length of the weld.
Annex A.2 Permissible limits for surface irregularities
ISO 10675-1
No. Irregularity Class 3 a) Class 2 a) Class 1
13 crater crack (104) Not acceptable Not acceptable Not acceptable
14a continuous undercut soft transition soft transition soft transition
(5011) intermittent required required required
undercut (5012) h ≤ 0,2t, max. 1 mm h ≤ 0,1t, max. 0,5 h ≤ 0,05t, max. 0,5
t > 3 mm mm mm
b)
14b continuous undercut soft transition soft transition
(5011) intermittent required required Not acceptable
undercut (5012) l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2t l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
15a b) shrinkage grooves (5013) soft transition soft transition soft transition
t > 3 mm required required required
l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm, l ≤ 25 mm,
h ≤ 0,2t, max. 2 mm h ≤ 0,1t, max. 1 mm h ≤ 0,05t, max. 0,5
mm
15b b) shrinkage grooves (5013) soft transition soft transition
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm required required Not acceptable
h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t


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Irregularity Class 3 a) Class 2 a) Class 1

16a excessive penetration h ≤ 1 mm + 1,0b, h ≤ 1 mm + 0,6b, h ≤ 1 mm + 0,2b,
(504) max. 5 mm max. 4 mm max. 3 mm
t > 3 mm
16b excessive penetration h ≤ 1 mm + 0,6b h ≤ 1 mm + 0,3b h ≤ 1 mm + 0,1b
(504)
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
17 arc strike (601) Permissible, provided
that the properties of
Not acceptable Not acceptable
the base material are
not affected
18 Spatter (602) Permissibility depending on application, e.g. material, corrosion
protection
19a b) root concavity (515) l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,2t, l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t, l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,05t,
t > 3 mm max. 2 mm max. 1 mm max. 0,5 mm
19b b) root concavity (515) h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t Not acceptable
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
20 poor restart (517) Permissible, the limit
t ≥ 0,5 mm depends on the type Not acceptable Not acceptable
of irregularity
21a b) Sagging (509) l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,25t, l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t, l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,05t,
incompletely filled groove max. 2 mm max. 1 mm max. 0,5 mm
(511)
t > 3 mm
21b b) Sagging (509) l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,25t l ≤ 25 mm, h ≤ 0,1t Not acceptable
incompletely filled groove
(511)
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
22a linear misalignment (507) h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,25t h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,15t h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t
0,5 mm ≤ t ≤ 3 mm
22b linear misalignment (507) h ≤ 0,25t, max. 5 mm h ≤ 0,15t, max. 4 h ≤ 0,1t, max. 3 mm
Longitudinal welds mm
t > 3 mm
22c linear misalignment (507) h ≤ 0,5t, max. 4 mm h ≤ 0,5t, max. 3 mm h ≤ 0,5t, max. 2 mm
circular welds
t ≥ 0,5 mm
NOTE The allowability limits correspond to the limits specified for visual inspection. These irregularities are
usually evaluated by means of visual inspection.
a) The admissibility limits 3 and 2 may be followed by an X indicating that all displays over 25 mm are
not allowed.
b) If the length of the weld is less than 100 mm, the maximum length of the indicators must not exceed
25% of the length of the weld.


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Annex B (informative) Examples for the determination of the area fraction

(in %) of irregularities.
Figure B.1 to Figure B.9 show different area fractions (in %) of irregularities in a 60 mm × 20 mm area. These
should support the evaluation of irregularities in radiographs.
Figure B.1 - A = 1 %, d = 1 mm, 15 Pores Figure B.2 - A = 1,5 %, d = 1 mm, 23 Pores
Figure B.3 - A = 2 %, d = 1 mm, 30 Pores Figure B.4 - A = 2,5 %, d = 1 mm, 38 Pores
Figure B.5 - A = 3 %, d = 1 mm, 45 Pores Figure B.6 - A = 4 %, d = 1 mm, 61 Pores
Figure B.7 - A = 5 %, d = 1 mm, 76 Pores Figure B.8 - A = 8 %, d = 1 mm, 122 Pores
Figure B.9 - A = 16 %, d = 1 mm, 244 Pores


DT-0013EN Rev 00
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Annex C (informative) Calculation of the sum of the allowable areas

C.1 clustered (localized) porosity
Legend
A1 Clustered area of indication 1
dA1 Diameter of A1
dA2 Diameter of A2
D Distance between indications
wp Width of weld seam
L Test length of 100 mm each
Figure C.1 - clustered (localized) porosity, D ≥ dA2
Legend
dA1 Diameter of A1
dA2 Diameter of A2
dAc Diameter of the envelope around the entire clustered area
Figure C.2 - clustered (localized) porosity, D < dA2
The total pore area in the clustered (localized) porosity is represented by a circle of diameter dAc enclosing all
pores.
For all pores in this circle, the conditions for a single pore must be met. A permissible pore area must be localized.


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If D is less than dA1 or dA2, whichever is smaller, the entire pore area is represented by a circle of diameter dAc,
where dAc = dA1 + dA2 + D.
Systematic clustered (localized) porosity are not allowed. dA corresponds to dA1, dA2 or dAc. whichever is applicable.
C.2 Linear porosity and gas pores
Legend
d1 Diameter of pore of indication 1
d2 Diameter of pore of indication 2
l Length of indication
Figure C.3 – Linear porosity and gas pores, D ≥ d2
Legend
d1 Diameter of the pore of indication 1
d2 Diameter of the pore of indication 2
l Length of indication
Figure C.4 – Linear porosity and gas pores, D < d2
The sum of the different pore areas must be calculated with respect to the evaluation area L × wp (see Figure C.3).
If D is smaller than the smaller diameter of one of the adjacent pores, the enveloping area of both pores shall be
considered in the sum of the irregularities (see Figure C.4).

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C.3 Elongated cavity and worm-holes
Legend
l1 Length of the cavity of indication 1
h1 Height of the cavity of indication 1
Figure C.5 - Elongated cavity and worm-holes, D > l3
Legend
Figure C.6 - Elongated cavity and worm-holes, D < l3
The sum of the length of the indicators Σl must be determined for each test length L (see Figure C.5).
If D is less than the shorter length of an adjacent irregularity, the total length over both irregularities shall be
included in the sum of irregularities (see Figure C.6).


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Non-destructive testing – Radiographic examination (RT) of castings
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1.0 Scope
This procedure details the requirements for the radiographic examination of castings using a X-ray or
gamma ray source, industrial radiographic films and wire-type IQI`s.
2.0 Reference standards

All standards, codes and norms refer to the last published edition and addenda, which has to be
adopted if customer is not requiring a former revision.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Sections; Edition 2019
 ASME BPV Code Section V Article 2 Man. App. VII – Radiographic Examination of metallic
castings
Article 22, - SE- 94 - Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
- SE- 747 - Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping
Classification of Wire image Quality Indicators (IQI) used for Ra-
diology
- SE- 999 - Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radio-
graphic Film Processing
- SE-1114 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Size of Iridium-192 In-
dustrial Radiographic Sources
- SE-1165 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Indus-
trial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging
- SE-1030 – Standard Test Method for RT of metallic castings
 ASTM E 1815; 2008 - Standard Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for Industrial
Radiography
 EN ISO 19232-1/-5; 2013 - Non-destructive Testing - Image Quality of Radiographs (former
EN 462)
 EN ISO 11699-1; 2012 Non-destructive Testing – Part 1: Classification of Film Systems for In-
dustrial Radiography (former EN 584-1)
 API 610; Edition 2010
 ASME BPV Code Section VIII Div. 1 – Pressure Vessels – Rules and Acceptance Standards
 ASME B31.3 – 2016 – Process Piping
 MSS SP-53 – 2001 – Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges, Fittings, and
Other Piping Components
 ASNT Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A; 2016 - Personnel Qualification and Certification in
Non-destructive Testing
 ISO 9712; 2012 - Non-destructive Testing – Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
 JS3-T000-MEC-CHV-000-30983-00 Centrifugal Pumps for Petrol & Gas Industries
(Exceptions to API 610, 2010)
3.0 Qualification of testing personnel

The personnel shall be qualified and certified according SNT-TC-1A, ISO 9712, or equivalent national
An operator with RT-level I can perform an examination only under the supervision of personnel
qualified and certified RT-level II or higher.
Interpretation and evaluation of results shall only be carried out by personnel qualified and certified RT-
level II or higher, who is supervising the examination of RT-level I and evaluates the results. Both have
to sign the records.
All qualifications and certification must comply, in full, with at least one of the standards referenced in
Paragraph 2.0 of this document and, where applicable, shall be in full compliance with the Project
Quality Plan (Inspection & Test Plan). Vision Requirements by annual basis
Revision: 7 Date: 12 Aug 2020 Amendment: Completely rewritten for ASME BPVC 2019 update.
This document has been prepared & published under the authority of the Technical Quality Working Group Doc No: TQ TP-0007

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4.0 Examination conditions

Testing shall be carried out in the manner defined in the project Quality Plan (Inspection&Test Plan),
both in chronological order and material condition.
4.2 Extent of examination

The extent or scope of the examination shall be as defined in the project Quality Plan (Inspection&Test
Plan).
5.0 Source
Radioactive Isotopes (Co-60, Ir.192 and SE-75), or X-Ray tubes can be used.
An X-ray or gamma ray source of adequate power to meet the film quality requirements as specified in
§ 11 shall be used.
X Radiation Sources Selection of appropriate X-ray voltage and current levels is dependent upon
variables regarding the specimen being examined (material type and thickness) and economically
permissible exposure time.
The suitability of these X-ray parameters shall be demonstrated by attainment of required penetrame-
ter (IQI) sensitivity and compliance with all other requirements stipulated herein. Guide E94 contains
provisions concerning exposure calculations and charts for the use of X-ray sources.
Gamma Radiation Sources Isotope sources, when used, shall be capable of demonstrating the re-
quired radiographic sensitivity.
The radiation energy employed for any radiographic technique shall achieve the density and IQI image
requirements of the ASME BPV Code Section V, Article 2.
5.1 Verification of Source Size

The equipment manufacturer’s or supplier’s publications, such as technical manuals, decay curves, or
written statements documenting the actual or maximum source size or focal spot, shall be acceptable as
source size verification.
When manufacturer’s or supplier’s publications are not available, source size may be determined as fol-
lows:
(a) X-Ray Machines. For X-ray machines operating at 1,000 kV and less, the focal spot size may be de-
termined in accordance with SE-1165
(b) Iridium-192 Sources. For Iridium-192, the source size may be determined in accordance with SE-1114
The maximum source size shall not exceed 3.5 mm.
5.2 Other equipment used during the RT and evaluation processes shall be calibrated and checked at
intervals not to exceed:
- Daily check (or check prior to use) of densitometer and temperature sensors in developing equipment.
- Quarterly calibration of densitometer
- Annual calibration of step wedge film
- Annual calibration of film viewer
6.0 Visual examination
Casting surfaces shall be visually inspected for defects that may impair the quality of the radiograph pro-
duced.
7.0 Method of test
All radiography shall be performed in accordance with ASME V, T-270.
The direction of the central beam of radiation shall be centred on the area of interest.

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7.1 Radiographic Techniques:

a) Single Wall Technique - Except as provided in b), radiography shall be performed using a technique in
which the radiation passes through only one wall.
b) Double Wall Technique - For castings with an inside diameter of 4 in. or less, a technique may be used
in which the radiation passes through both walls and both walls are viewed for acceptance on the same
film. An adequate number of exposures shall be taken to ensure that required coverage has been ob-
tained.
To assure that all castings are radiographed consistently in the same manner, layout details shall be pro-
vided.
As a minimum, the layout details shall include:
- sketches of the casting, in as many views as necessary, to show the approximate position of each loca-
tion marker; and
- source angles if not perpendicular to the film.
7.2 Location markers

There shall be a clear and accurate identification of the examined areas and the corresponding radio-
graphs accordance with ASME V, T-275; see enclosure 1.
The radiographic image of the location markers for the coordination of the casting with the film shall ap-
pear on the film, without interfering with the interpretation, in such an arrangement that it is evident that
the required coverage was obtained. These marker positions shall be marked on the casting and the posi-
tion of the markers shall be maintained on the part during the complete radiographic cycle. The RSS (ra-
diographic shooting sketch) shall show all marker locations; see enclosure 2.
7.3 Identification of radiographs

A system shall be used to produce permanent identification on the radiograph traceable to the contract,
component, or part numbers, as appropriate.
In addition, each film of a casting being radiographed shall be plainly and permanently identified with the
name or symbol of the Material Manufacturer, Certificate Holder, or Subcontractor, job or heat number,
date, and, if applicable, repairs (R1, R2, etc.).
This identification system does not necessarily require that the information appear as radiographic imag-
es. In any case, this information shall not obscure the area of interest.
8.0 Density of radiograph
The photographic density of the film shall be as defined below, providing adequate viewing facilities are
available. If not available the maximum film density through the area of interest shall be max. 3.5 for all
techniques.
8.1 Density Limitations. The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of the ap-
propriate hole-type IQI adjacent to the essential hole or adjacent to the essential wire of a wire-type IQI
and the area of interest shall be 1.5 minimum for single film viewing.
For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a minimum
density of 1.0.
The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing. A tolerance of 0.05 in density is
allowed for variations between densitometer readings.
The density of the film shall be checked using a calibrated densitometer.

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8.2 Density Variation.

(a)The density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest shall not
(1) vary by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density through the body of the designated hole-
type IQI adjacent to the essential hole or adjacent to the essential wire of a wire-type IQI, and
(2) exceed the minimum/maximum allowable density ranges specified in T-282.1
When calculating the allowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1
within the range specified in T-282.1.
(b) When the requirements of (a) above are not met, then an additional IQI shall be used for each excep-
tional area or areas and the radiograph retaken.
(c) When shims are used with hole-type IQIs, the plus 30% density restriction of (a) above may be ex-
ceeded, and the minimum density requirements of T-282.1 do not apply for the IQI, provided the required
IQI sensitivity of T-283.1 is met.
9.0 Image quality indicators (IQI)
Image quality indicators shall be in accordance with ASME V, T-233.
9.1 Standard IQI Design.
IQIs shall be either the hole type or the wire type. Hole-type IQIs shall be manufactured and identified in
accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE-1025. Wire-type IQIs shall be manufactured
and identified in accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in SE-747, except that the largest
wire number or the identity number may be omitted. ASME standard IQIs shall consist of those in Table T-
233.1 for hole type and those in Table T-233.2 for wire type.

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Penetrameters according to EN ISO 19232-1 can also be used.

ASTM Set ASME Code V EN ISO 19232-1
(old: EN 462-1, DIN 54 109)
diameter diameter
No. [inch] [mm] [mm] No. set
- -- -- 0.050 19
- -- -- 0.063 18
A smallest 1 0.0032 0.08 0.080 17
A 2 0.004 0.10 0.100 16
A 3 0.005 0.13 0.125 15
A 4 0.0063 0.16 0.160 14
A 5 0.008 0.20 0.200 13
A B 6 0.010 0.25 0.250 12
B 7 0.013 0.33 0.320 11
B 8 0.016 0.41 0.400 10
B 9 0.020 0.51 0.500 9
B 10 0.025 0.64 0.630 8
B C 11 0.032 0.81 0.800 7
C 12 0.040 1.02 1.000 6
C 13 0.050 1.27 1.250 5
C 14 0.063 1.60 1.600 4
C 15 0.080 2.03 2.000 3
C D 16 0.100 2.54 2.500 2
D 17 0.126 3.20 3.200 1
D 18 0.160 4.06 -- --
D 19 0.200 5.08 -- --
D 20 0.250 6.35 -- --
largest D 21 0.320 8.13 -- --

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9.2 Material Group (Wire IQI)

01 = Titanium
02 = Aluminium
03 = Magnesium
1 = Carbon steel / Type 300 stainless steel

2 = Aluminium bronze
3 = Nickel-Chromium-Iron
4 = Nickel-copper / copper-nickel (Monel)
5 = Tin-bronze
Any group IQI may be used for any material with a higher group number, provided the applicable quality
level is maintained.
9.3 Penetrameter (IQI) Placement:

Place all penetrameters (IQI) being radiographed on the source side of the casting. Place penetrameters
(IQI) in the radiographic area of interest, unless the use of a shim or separate block is necessary, as
specified in 9.7.
9.4 Number of Penetrameters (IQI):

a) One penetrameter (IQI) shall represent an area within which radiographic densities do not vary more
than +30 % to –15 % from the density measured through the body of the penetrameter (IQI).
b) When the film density varies more than –15 % to +30 %, two penetrameters (IQI) shall be used as fol-
lows: if one penetrameter (IQI) shows acceptable sensitivity representing the most dense portion of the
exposure, and the second penetrameter (IQI) shows acceptable sensitivity representing the least dense
portion of the exposure, then these two penetrameters (IQI) shall qualify the exposure location within
these densities, provided the density requirements stipulated in §8 are met.
9.5 For cylindrical or flat castings where more than one film holder is used for an exposure, at least one
penetrameter (IQI) image shall appear on each radiograph. For cylindrical shapes, where a panoramic
type source of radiation is placed in the center of the cylinder and a complete or partial circumference is
radiographed using at least four overlapped film holders, at least three penetrameters (IQI) shall be used.
On partial circumference exposures, a penetrameter (IQI) shall be placed at each end of the length of the
image to be evaluated on the radiograph with the intermediate penetrameters (IQI) placed at equal divi-
sions of the length covered. For full circumferential coverage, three penetrameters (IQI) spaced 120°
apart shall be used, even when using a single length of roll film.
When an array of individual castings in a circle is radiographed, the requirements of a) or b), or both, shall
prevail for each casting.
If the required penetrameter (IQI) sensitivity does not show on any one film in a multiple film technique
(see §10.9), but does show in composite (superimposed) film viewing, interpretation shall be permitted
only by composite film viewing for the respective area.
9.6 When it is not practicable to place the penetrameter(s) (IQI) on the casting, a shim or separate block
conforming to the requirements of §9.7 may be used.
The penetrameter (IQI) shall be no closer to the film than the source side of that part of the casting being
radiographed in the current view.
The radiographic density measured adjacent to the penetrameter (IQI) through the body of the shim or
separate block shall not exceed the density measured in the area of interest by more than 15 %. The
density may be lighter than the area of interest density, provided acceptable quality level is obtained and
the density requirements of §8 are met.

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9.7 Shims and Separate Blocks Shims or separate blocks made of the same or radiographically similar ma-
terials (as defined in Method E1025) may be used to facilitate penetrameter positioning. There is no re-
striction on shim or separate block thickness provided the penetrameter and area-of-interest density tol-
erance requirements of §8.2 are met.
The shim or separate block shall be placed at the corner of the film holder or close to that part of the area
of interest that is furthest from the central beam. This is the worst case position from a beam angle
standpoint that a discontinuity would be in.
The shim or separate block dimensions shall exceed the penetrameter (IQI) dimensions such that the
outline of at least three sides of the penetrameter (IQI) image shall be visible on the radiograph.
9.8 Film Side Penetrameter (IQI) In the case where the penetrameter (IQI) cannot be physically placed on
the source side and the use of a separate block technique is not practical, penetrameters (IQI) placed on
the film side may be used. The applicable job order or contract shall dictate the requirements for film side
radiographic quality level (see table below).
9.9 Additional IQI Selection Requirements.
The thickness on which the IQI is based is the single-wall thickness.
(a) Casting Areas Prior to Finish Machining.
The IQI shall be based on a thickness that does not exceed the finished thickness by more than 20% or
1/4 in. (6 mm), whichever is greater. In no case shall an IQI size be based on a thickness greater than the
thickness being radiographed.
(b) Casting Areas That Will Remain in the As-Cast Condition.
The IQI shall be based on the thickness being radiographed.
The IQI selection and essential hole, or wire size shall comply with ASME V, table T-276.

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10.0 Geometric un-sharpness

The minimum source to film distance/source size combination to be used shall be such that the geometric
un-sharpness value does not exceed the values given in ASME V, T-274.
Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with:

Ug = Fd/D
where
D = distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed
d = distance from source side of weld or object being radiographed to the film
F = source size: the maximum projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective focal spot) in the
plane perpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being radiographed
Ug = geometric unsharpness
D and d shall be determined at the approximate centre of the area of interest.
Material Thickness (mm) max. Ug. (mm)

 50 0.51
 50  75 0.76
 75  100 1.02
 100 1.78
11.0 Film type & screens

Films shall meet SE-1815, ASTM System Classes Special, I and II requirements and shall be selected
per Table below:
Material Energy
Thickness ≤ 120 Kv 120 – 150 – Iridium 250 – ≤ 1 MeV Cobalt 60 ≤ 2 MeV
(mm) 150 KV 250 KV 192 400 KV
T ≤ 6.4 II II I -- -- -- -- --
6.4 < T ≤ 12.7 II II II -- I -- -- --
12.7 < T ≤ 25.4 II II II II II I -- I
25.4 < T ≤ 50.8 -- -- II II II I II I
50.8 < T ≤ 101.6 -- -- II II II II II II
101.6 < T ≤ 152.4 -- -- -- -- II II II II
Higher film system classes may also be used.

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11.1 Film classification

System class Min. Gradient at Min. gra- Max. e.g.
World Europe USA Japan dient- Grain size AGFA
ISO CEN 584-1 ASTM K7627 D=2 D=4 noise ratio
11699-1 E1815 above D0 above D0 D=2 D=2
above D0 above D0
T1 C1 Special T1 4,5 7,5 300 0,018 D2
C2 I 4,3 7,4 270 0,018 D3
T2 C3 T2 4,1 6,8 180 0,023 D4
C4 4,1 6,8 150 0,028 D5
T3 C5 II T3 3,8 6,4 120 0,032 D7
T4 C6 III T4 3,5 5,0 100 0,039 D8
W-A W-A 130
W-B W-B 110
W-C W-C 80
11.2 Screens
Source Screens (Front- / Back-)
Material Thickness
(mm)
X-Ray Tube ≤ 150 kV Pb none - 0.15
150 – 250 kV Pb 0.02 - 0.15
250 – 320 kV Pb 0.02 - 0.2
320 – 450 kV Pb 0.1 - 0.2
Se 75 Pb 0.1 - 0.2
Ir 192 Pb 0.1 - 0.2
Co 60 Pb 0.1 - 0.5
Fe, or Cu 0.25 - 0.7
≤ 2 MeV Pb 0.1 - 0.5
Fe, or Cu 0.25 - 0.7
11.3 Multiple Film Techniques
Two or more films of equal or different speeds in the same cassette are allowed, provided prescribed
quality level and density requirements are met (see §8 & §9).
12.0 Interception of unwanted and scattered radiation
As a check on back-scattered radiation a lead symbol "B" with minimum dimensions of 11 mm in height
and 1,5 mm thickness shall be attached to the back of each film holder.
The lead symbol “B” shall be placed in a location so that it would appear within an area on the radio-
graph that meets the requirements of §8.
If a light image appears on a darker background of the radiograph, protection from backscatter is insuf-
ficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable.
A dark image of the “B” on a lighter background is not cause for rejection.
13.0 Processing
The film shall be processed manually or automatically in accordance with requirements of the film sys-
tem used. The film or the processing solution or both shall be agitated during development. The devel-
opment time and temperature shall be in accordance with the film manufacturer’s recommendations.
All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes to the extent that they do
not mask and are not confused with the image of any discontinuity in the area of interest of the object
being radiographed. Such blemishes include, but are not limited to:
(a) fogging;
(b) processing defects such as streaks, watermarks, or chemical stains;
(c) scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges, or tears;
(d) false indications due to defective screens.

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14.0 Viewing
The radiographs shall be examined by diffused light in a darkened room with an illuminated area that
will not cause troublesome reflections, shadows or glare on the radiograph image.
Viewing equipment for interpretation shall include a light source sufficient for the essential penetrame-
ter to be visible for the specified density range.
The viewing conditions shall be such that light from around the outer edge of the radiograph or coming
through low-density portions of the radiograph does not interfere with interpretation.
The maximum achievable brightness (cd/m2) shall be determined as per ASTM E 1390 and the ag-
gregate value (maximum viewable density) shall be permanently marked on each film viewer.
15.0 Reporting
For each examination and for each item tested shall be completed a report. This report has to include
at least following information:
 Identification of the object tested
 Material thickness
 Test procedure (identification and revision)
 Extent of examination
 Restrictions which limit the effectiveness of the examination
 Equipment used (X-ray tube or isotope, focal spot size of X-ray or source size)
 Radiographic technique (sketch showing the geometric arrangement of the radiograph, to-
gether with the location markers and angle of beam to film)
 Film brand and type, screen and filter details
 Density range
 Type of IQI and sensitivity
 Processing technique
 Acceptance criteria
 Interpretation, results (type of defects)
 Date of examination
 Operators'/film viewers' name, qualification and signature
Components shall be clearly identified as being either acceptable or rejectable. Non-conforming areas
on components shall be marked on the components themselves, or where this is not possible on an
NDE defect map.
16.0 Assessment of indications
Due to diversity of project requirements defect acceptance will be as specified in the project Quality
Plan (Inspection&Test Plan). In the absence of a Quality Plan (Inspection&Test Plan) the Sulzer quality
organisation responsible for the project will advise in writing the appropriate acceptance standard.
Acceptance Criteria; see enclosure 4 - 5

- ASME VIII Div. 1 Man. App. 7 Steel Castings
- ASME B 31.3 Process Piping Castings

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Enclosure 1; Location Marker Sketch

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Enclosure 2a; Sample of Radiographic Shooting Sketch

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Enclosure 2b; Sample of Radiographic Shooting Sketch

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Enclosure 3; Example of RT coverage not obtained

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Enclosure 4; Acceptance Criteria acc. ASME VIII Div. 1 Man App. 7

All steel castings shall be examined in accordance with (a) or (b) as applicable.
(a) All castings having a maximum body thickness less than 115 mm shall be examined as fol-
lows:
(1) All critical sections shall be radiographed. For castings having radiographed thicknesses up to 51
mm, the radiographs shall be compared to those in ASTM E446, Standard Reference Radiographs
for Steel Castings up to 51 mm in Thickness. The maximum acceptable severity levels for imperfec-
tions shall be as follows:
Maximum Severity Level

Thickness
Imperfection Category
[mm]
T < 25.4 25.4 ≤ T < 50.8
A – Gas porosity 1 2
B – Sand and slag 2 3
C – Shrinkage (four types) 1 3
D - Cracks 0 0
E – Hot tears 0 0
F - Inserts 0 0
G - Mottling 0 0
For castings having radiographed thicknesses from 51 mm to 114 mm, the radiographs shall be com-
pared to those in ASTM E186, Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy‐Walled 50.8 to 114 mm
Steel Castings. The maximum acceptable severity levels for imperfections shall be as follows:
Imperfection Category Maximum Severity

Level
ASME VIII
A – Gas porosity 2
B – Sand and slag inclusions 2
C – Shrinkage
Type 1 1
Type 2 2
Type 3 3
D - Cracks 0
E – Hot tears 0
F - Inserts 0

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(2) All surfaces including machined gasket seating surfaces shall be examined by the magnetic particle
or the liquid penetrant method. When the casting specification requires heat treatment, these examina-
tions shall be conducted after that heat treatment.
(3) Surface indications determined by magnetic particle examination shall be compared with those
indicated in ASTM E125, Standard Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indications on
Ferrous Castings, and shall be removed if they exceed the following limits:
Type Degree
I. Linear discontinuities All

(hot tears and cracks)
II. Shrinkage 2
III. Inclusions 3
IV. Chills and chaplets 1
V. Porosity 1
(4) Surface indications determined by liquid penetrant examination are unacceptable if they exceed the
following limits:
(-a) all cracks and hot tears;
(-b) any group of more than six linear indications other than those in (a) above in any rectangular area
of 38 mm × 150 mm or less or any circular area having a diameter of 88 mm or less, these areas being
taken in the most unfavorable location relative to the indications being evaluated;
(-c) other linear indications
more than 6 mm long for thicknesses up to 19 mm inclusive,
more than one‐third of the thickness in length for thicknesses from 19 mm to 57 mm,
and more than 19 mm long for thicknesses over 57 mm
(aligned acceptable imperfections separated from one another by a distance equal to the length of the
longer imperfection are acceptable);
(-d) all indications of nonlinear imperfections which have any dimension exceeding 5 mm.
(5)When more than one casting of a particular design is produced, each of the first five shall be exam-
ined to the full extent prescribed herein. When more than five castings are being produced, examina-
tions as prescribed shall be performed on the first five and on one additional casting for each additional
five castings produced. If any of these additional castings proves to be unacceptable, each of the re-
maining four castings of that group shall be examined fully.

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(b) All castings having maximum body thickness 114 mm and greater and castings of lesser
thickness which are intended for severe service applications shall be examined as follows.
(1) Each casting shall be subjected to 100% visual examination and to complete surface examination
by either the magnetic particle or the liquid penetrant method. When the casting specification requires
heat treatment, these examinations shall be conducted after that heat treatment. Acceptability limits for
surface imperfections shall be as given in (a)(3) and (a)(4) above.
(2) All parts of castings up to 300 mm in thickness shall be subjected to radiographic examination and
the radiographs compared to those given in ASTM E280, Standard Reference Radiographs for
Heavy‐Walled 114‐mm to 305‐mm Steel Castings. The maximum acceptable severity levels for im-
perfections shall be as follows:

Level
C – Shrinkage
Type 1 2
Type 2 2
Type 3 2
D - Cracks 0
E – Hot tears 0
F - Inserts 0
(3) For castings having a maximum thickness in excess of 12 in.(300 mm), all thicknesses which are
less than 12 in. (300 mm) shall be examined radiographically in accordance with the preceding para-
graph. All parts of such castings having thicknesses in excess of 12 in. (300 mm) shall be examined
ultrasonically in accordance with Section V, Article 5.
Any imperfections which do not produce indications exceeding 20% of the straight beam back reflec-
tion or do not reduce the height of the back reflection by more than 30% during a total movement of the
transducer of 2 in. (50 mm) in any direction shall be considered acceptable. Imperfections exceeding
these limits shall be repaired unless proved to be acceptable by other examination methods.

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Enclosure 5; Acceptance Criteria acc. ASME B 31.3 Table 302.3.3D

All steel castings shall be examined in accordance with (a) or (b) as applicable.
(a) All castings having a maximum body thickness less than 115 mm shall be examined as fol-
lows:
(1) All critical sections shall be radiographed. For castings having radiographed thicknesses up to 51
mm, the radiographs shall be compared to those in ASTM E446, Standard Reference Radiographs
for Steel Castings up to 51 mm in Thickness. The maximum acceptable severity levels for imperfec-
tions shall be as follows:
Maximum Severity Level

Thickness
Imperfection Category
[mm]
T < 25.4 25.4 ≤ T < 50.8
A – Gas porosity 1 2
B – Sand and slag 1 2
C – Shrinkage (four types) 1 2
D - Cracks 0 0
E – Hot tears 0 0
F - Inserts 0 0
G - Mottling 0 0
For castings having radiographed thicknesses from 51 mm to 114 mm, the radiographs shall be com-
pared to those in ASTM E186, Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy‐Walled 50.8 to 114 mm
Steel Castings. The maximum acceptable severity levels for imperfections shall be as follows:

Level
C – Shrinkage
Type 1 2
Type 2 2
Type 3 2
D - Cracks 0
E – Hot tears 0
F - Inserts 0

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(2) All surfaces of each casting shall be examined by the magnetic particle or the liquid penetrant
method. When the casting specification requires heat treatment, these examinations shall be conduct-
ed after that heat treatment.
(3) Surface indications shall be judged acceptability in accordance with MSS SP-53 Table 1, using the
ASTM E125, Standard Reference Photographs as a reference for surface flaws:
Linear indications
8 mm long for thicknesses up to 13 mm inclusive,
13 mm long for thicknesses from 13 mm to 25 mm,
18 mm long for thicknesses over 25 mm
Aligned linear indications separated from one another by a distance greater than the length of an ac-
ceptable indication.
Rounded indications
8 mm dia. for thickness up to 13 mm inclusive,
13 mm long for thicknesses over 13 mm
Four or more rounded indications in a line separated by 2 mm or less edge to edge are unacceptable
(b) All castings having maximum body thickness 114 mm and greater and castings of lesser
thickness which are intended for severe service applications shall be examined as follows.
(1) Each casting shall be subjected to 100% visual examination and to complete surface examination
by either the magnetic particle or the liquid penetrant method. When the casting specification requires
heat treatment, these examinations shall be conducted after that heat treatment. Acceptability limits for
surface imperfections shall be as given in (a)(3) and (a)(4) above.
(2) All parts of castings up to 300 mm in thickness shall be subjected to radiographic examination and
the radiographs compared to those given in ASTM E280, Standard Reference Radiographs for
Heavy‐Walled 114‐mm to 305‐mm Steel Castings. The maximum acceptable severity levels for im-
perfections shall be as follows:

Level
C – Shrinkage
Type 1 2
Type 2 2
Type 3 2
D - Cracks 0
E – Hot tears 0
F - Inserts 0

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BLOCK 9 DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PHASE 1

Document No: BK91-1310-CPF-VED-003-QAC-H03-0001

REV. DESCRIPTION DATE PREP’D CHK’D REV’D APP’D

Template No.: BK91-1000-000-GEN-TMP-0011

REV DATE REVISION DETAILS

A 22/12/2022 ISSUED FOR REVIEW

Template No.: BK91-1000-000-GEN-TMP-0011

1 Scope Open surface & Non Porous Materials

3 Qualification of Testing Personnel

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

7 Inspection and Evaluation of Indications

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

8.2 Acceptance Standards

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Enclosure 1) ASME VIII Div. 1

PT Acceptance Standard for welds and machined parts Man. App. 8

All surfaces to be examined shall be free of:

PT Acceptance Standard for steel castings Man. App. 7

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Enclosure 2) ASME B31.3

PT Acceptance Standard for welds Chapter VI (§ 341.3.2)

PT Acceptance Standard for welds Chapter IX (High Pressure) (§ K341.3.2)

PT Acceptance Standard for steel castings (§ 302.3.3 / § K302.3.3)

Material thickness T Maximum size

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Material thickness T Maximum size

PT Acceptance Standard for steel forgings (§ 302.3.3 / § K302.3.3)

Maximum acceptable indications are as follows:

Material thickness T Maximum size

Material thickness T Maximum size

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Enclosure 3) ISO 5817

PT Acceptance Standard for welds

Quality Class Test technique and category Acceptance Criteria acc.

ISO 23277 Non-destructive testing of welds – Penetrant testing – Acceptance levels

Type of indication Acceptance Level a

PT Acceptance Standard for steel castings

PT Acceptance Standard for steel forgings

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

Enclosure 4) AWS D1.1

Revision: 10 Date: 03-Mar-2022 Description: Enclosure 1; additional requirements

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

2.0 Reference Standards

3.0 Qualification of Testing Personnel

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

5.2 The following indications shall result in rejection of the forgings:

Uncontrolled valid at time of printing

2.0 Reference Standards

3.0 Qualification of testing personnel

4.0 Examination Conditions

Revision: 07 Date: 19 Oct 2022 Amendment: Completely revised