NCHANGA SECONDARY SCHOOL OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE

MATHEMATICS GRADE 12 TUTORIAL SHEET ONE (CUBIC FUNCTIONS)

1. The values of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 are connected by the equation 𝑦 = 3 − 5𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 . Some of the corresponding values of
𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 are given in the table below.

i) Calculate the value of 𝑟

ii) Taking 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3, and 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 5 units on the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for
0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 30, draw the graph of 𝑦 − 3 − 5𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 .
iii) Use your graph to calculate an estimate of the
a) Gradient of the curve at the point where 𝑥 = 2
b) Area bounded by the curve, 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥 = 0.
2. The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3

a) Use the graph to find the solutions of the equations

i) 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0
ii) 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 = 5
b) Calculate an estimate of
i) The gradient of the curve at the point (−3,0)
ii) The area bounded by the curve, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 = 20.

3. The values of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 are connected by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 3. Some of the corresponding values of 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 are
given in the table below.

Calculate the value of 𝑘.

a) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to 1 unit on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 and 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 5 units on gthe 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for
−10 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 20, draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 3
b) Use your graph to
i) Solve the equation 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 = 0
ii) Estimate the area bounded by the curve, 𝑦 = 3 and 𝑥 = −2
4. The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3

Use the graph

a) To calculate an estimate of the gradient of the curve at the point (2,5).
b) To solve the equations
i) 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0
ii) 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 5𝑥
c) To calculate an estimate of the area bounded by the curve 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 = −2.

5. The values 𝑥 and 𝑦 are connected by the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5. Some corresponding values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are given
in the table below.

a) Calculate the value of 𝑃

b) Using a scale of 4𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2 and a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 5 units on
the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −25 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 10, draw the graph of 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5.
c) Use your graph to solve the equation 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 5 = 𝑥.
d) Calculate an estimate of the gradient of the curve at the point where 𝑥 = 1.5.

6. The values 𝑥 and 𝑦 are connected by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) . Some corresponding values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are given in
the table below.

a) Calculate the value of 𝑘

b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on the 𝑥 – 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 and 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 5 units on
the 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −16 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 16. Draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2).
c) Use your graph to solve the equations
i) 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) = 0
ii) 𝑥(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) = 𝑥 + 2
 7. The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥.

a) Use the graph to solve the equations

i) 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 = 0
ii) 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 = 𝑥 + 10
b) Calculate an estimate of the
i) Gradient of the curve at the point where 𝑥 = −3
ii) Area bounded by the curve, 𝑥 = −3, 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑦 = −10.

8. The diagram below shows the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3

a) Use the graph to find the solutions of the equations

i) 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0
ii) 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 5
b) Calculate an estimate of
i) The gradient of the curve at the point (−3,0)
ii) The area bounded by the curve, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 = 20.
9. The values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are connected by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4). Some corresponding values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are given in
the table below.

𝑥 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
𝑦 −15 𝑟 3 0 −3 0 15

(i) Calculate the value of 𝑟.

(ii) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 3 and 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 10 units on the
𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 for −20 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 20 , draw the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4).
(iii) Use your graph to solve the equations;
a) 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) = 0,
b) 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 4) = 2.
 NCHANGA SECONDARY SCHOOL OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
MATHEMATICS GRADE 12 TUTORIAL SHEET TWO (LINEAR PROGRAMING)

1. Write down the three inequalities that define the unshaded region 𝑅, on the diagram below.

2. Write four inequalities that define the unshaded region R, on the diagram below.

3. On the XOY plane below, region R is unshaded. Write the three inequalities that define the region 𝑅.
4. In the diagram below, R is the unshaded region. Write three inequalities which describe the region R

5. Write down the four inequalities that define the unshaded region R, on the diagram below.

6. Write the four inequalities that define the unshaded region R on the XOY plane below.
7. On the XOY plane below, region R is unshaded. Write the four inequalities that define the region R.

8. In the diagram below, point 𝑨 is (1, 1), point 𝑩 is (0,7), point 𝑪 is (14, 0), point 𝑫 is (7, 0) and point 𝑬 𝑖𝑠 (7, 1). Write
down the four inequalities that define the unshaded region 𝑹.

9. Write down the four inequalities that define the unshaded region 𝑹 on the diagram below.
Answer the whole of these questions on sheets of graph papers

10. A hired bus is used to take learners and teachers on a trip. The number of learners and teachers must be more than 60.
There must be at least 35 people on the trip. There must be at least 6 teachers on the trip. The number of teachers on the
trip should not be more than 14. Let 𝑥 be the number of learners and 𝑦 be the number of teachers.
a) Write four inequalities which present the information above.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 10 units on both axes, draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 70 and
0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 70 respectively and shade the unwanted region to indicate clearly where the solution of the inequalities lie.
c) If the group has 25 learners, what is the minimum number of teachers that must accompany them?
d) If 8 teachers go on the trip, what is the maximum number of learners that can be accommodated on
the bus?
e) If 𝑇 is the amount in Kwacha paid by the whole group, what is the cost per learner if 𝑇 = 30𝑥 + 50𝑦

11. A tailor at a certain market intends to make dresses and suits for sale.
a) Let 𝑥 represent the number of dresses and 𝑦 the number of suits. Write the inequalities which represent each of the
conditions below.
i) The number of dresses should not exceed 50
ii) The number of dresses should not be more than the number of suits.
iii) The cost of making a dress is 𝐾140.00 and that of a suit is 𝐾210.00. The total should be at least
𝐾10 500.00
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 10 units on both axes, draw 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 60 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 80. Shade
the unwanted region to indicate clearly the region where (𝑥, 𝑦) must lie.
c) The profit on a dress is 𝐾160.00 and on a suit is 𝐾270.00.
i) Find the number of dresses and suits the tailor must make for maximum profit.
ii) Calculate this maximum profit.

12. Himakwebo orders maize and groundnuts for sale. The order price for a bag of maize is 𝐾75.00 and that of a bag of
groundnuts is 𝐾150.00. He is ready to spend up to 𝐾7 500.00 altogether. He intends to order at least 5 bags of maize and at
least 10 bags of groundnuts. He does not want to order more than 70 bags altogether.
a) If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the number of bags of maize and groundnuts respectively, Write four inequalities which represent these
conditions.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 10 bags on each axis, draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 70 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 70
respectively and shade the unwanted region to show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
c) Given that a profit on the bag of maize is 𝐾25.00 and on the bag of groundnuts is 𝐾50.00, how many bags of each
type should he order to have the maximum profit?
d) What is this estimate of the maximum profit?

13. Makwebo prepares two types of sausages, Hungarian and beef, daily for sale. She prepares at least 40 Hungarian and at
least 10 beef sausages. She prepares not more than 160 sausages altogether. The number of beef sausages prepared are
not more than the number of Hungarian sausages.
a) Given that 𝑥 represents the number of Hungarian sausages and 𝑦 the number of beef sausages, write four inequalities
which represent these conditions.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to present 20𝑐𝑚 sausages on both axes, draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 160 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤
160 respectively and shade the unwanted region to show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
c) The profit on the sale of each Hungarian sausage is 𝐾3.00 and on each beef sausage is 𝐾2.00. How many of each type
of sausages are required to make maximum profit?
d) Calculate this maximum profit
14. A Health Lobby group produced a guide to encourage healthy living among local community. The group produced the guide
in two formats: a short video and a printed book. The group needs to decide the number of each format to produce for sale
to maximize profit. Let 𝑥 represent the number of videos produced and 𝑦 the number of printed books produced.
a) Write the inequalities which represent each of the following conditions
i) the total number of copies produced should not be more than 800,
ii) the number of video copies to be at least 100
iii) the number of printed books to be at least 100.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 100 copies on both axes, draw the 𝑥 and y axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 800 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 800
respectively and shade the unwanted region to indicate clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
c) The profit on the sale of each video copy is 𝐾15.00 while the profit on each printed book is 𝐾8.00. How many of each
type were produced to make maximum profit?

15. A carpenter intends to manufacture at least 10 tables and at least 20 chairs. Each table requires 4 hours of assembling and
2 hours of vanishing. Each chair requires 3 hours of assembling and 1 hour of vanishing. There are 240 hours available for
assembling and 100 hours for vanishing.
a) Given that 𝑥 represents the number of tables and 𝑦 the number of chairs, write four inequalities which represents
these conditions.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 10 pieces of furniture on each axis, draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 70
and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 100 respectively and shade the unwanted region to show clearly the region where the solutions of the
inequalities lie.
c) Each table sold yields a profit of 𝐾300.00 while each chair sold yields a profit of 𝐾250.00. Find the best combination
of the number of the number of tables and chairs to gain the maximum profit.
d) Calculate this estimate of the maximum profit.

16. Menda intends to run a business of selling mineral water. He needs to order at least 10 small bottles and at most 60 large
bottles of water. He decides to order at most 80 bottles of water altogether and the number of large bottles he orders
should be at least twice that of small bottles.
a) Given that 𝑥 is the number of small bottles and 𝑦 is the number of large bottles. Write four inequalities which
represent these conditions.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 10 bottles on each axis. Draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 80 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 80
respectively and shade the unwanted region to show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
c) The profit on the sale of each small bottle of mineral water is 𝐾1.50 while on each large bottle of mineral water profit
is 𝐾2.50. How many bottles of each type can be bought to make a maximum profit?
d) Hence, find this maximum profit.

17. Kuunika wishes to build a lodge with single and double rooms. He needs to decide the number of each room type he should
build to maximize profit. Let 𝑥 represent the number of single rooms and 𝑦 the number of double rooms.
a) Write the inequalities which represent each of the following conditions:
i) There must be at least one single room.
ii) There must be at least 10 rooms altogether.
iii) The total number of rooms should not exceed 15.
iv) The number of double rooms must be at least twice the number of single rooms.
v) The number of double rooms should not be more than 12.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 5 units on both axes. Draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 16 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 16
respectively and shade the unwanted region to indicate clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
c) The rate for a single room is 𝐾600.00 and 𝐾900.00 for a double room. How many rooms of each type should Kuunika
build to maximize the income?
18. Mipando makes two types of chairs for sale; dining and garden. He intends to make at least 10 dining chairs and at least
20 garden chairs. He wants to make not more than 80 chairs altogether. The number of garden chairs must not be more
than three times the number of dining chairs.
a) Let 𝑥 be the number of dining chairs and 𝑦 the number of garden chairs. Write four inequalities to represent the
information above.
b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 10 chairs on axis. Draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 80 and 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 80
respectively and shade the unwanted region to indicate clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities lie.
c) Given that the profit on the sale of a dining chair is 𝐾80.00 and the profit on each garden chair is 𝐾50.00. How many
chairs of each type should Mipando make in order to maximize the profit?
d) What is this maximum profit?

19. A traditional drinks dealer stocks two brands of drinks, brand 𝐴 and brand 𝐵, both of which are produced in bottles of the
same size. He wishes to order fresh supplies and finds that he has room for up to 900 bottles. He knows that brand 𝐴 is
more popular and so decides to order at least twice as many bottles of brand 𝐴 as brand 𝐵. He wishes, however, to have at
least 100 bottles of brand 𝐵 and not more than 700 bottles of brand 𝐴.
(a) Let 𝑥 be the number of bottles of brand 𝐴 and 𝑦 the number of bottles of brand 𝐵. Write four inequalities to
represent the information above.
(b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 100 bottles on each axis, draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 900 and
0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 900 respectively and shade the unwanted region to indicate clearly the region where the solution must lie.
(c) Given that the profit on a bottle of brand 𝐴 is 𝐾3.00 and on a bottle of brand 𝐵 is 𝐾2.00, find;
(i) The number of bottles of each brand that gives maximum profit,
(ii) The maximum profit.

20. A businessman orders two types of vehicles namely; Sedans and Vans for sale. He orders at least 60 Sedans and at least
20 Vans. He orders not more than 180 vehicles altogether. He makes sure that the number of Vans ordered are not more
than the number of Sedans ordered.
(a) Given that 𝑥 represents the number of Sedans and 𝑦 represents the number of Vans, write four inequalities which
satisfy the above conditions.
(b) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 20 vehicles on each axis, draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠 from 0 to 180 and shade the
unwanted region to show clearly the region where the solution of the inequalities must lie.
(c) If the profit on the sale of a Sedan is 𝐾10 000.00 and that on each Van is 𝐾12 000.00, how many of each type should
he order to make maximum profit?
(d) Find this maximum profit.
 NCHANGA SECONDARY SCHOOL OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
MATHEMATICS GRADE 12 TUTORIAL SHEET THREE (VECTORS)

1. Given that 𝐴 is the point (− 2, 1) and 𝐵 is the point (1, 5). Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵.
−1 3
2. Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄 = ( ) and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑄 = ( ) . Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 as a column vector
2 −3
3 −8
3. The position vectors of 𝐴 and 𝐵 are ( ) and ( ) respectively. Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝐴𝐵
1 5
−3
𝑀𝑁 = ( ) . Find ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
4. 𝑀 is the point (0, 5) and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝑁.
4
2 4
5. The components of vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑂𝐴 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 are ( ) and ( ) respectively. Write ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐴 as a column vector.
3 2
−3
6. The vector 𝑃𝑄 = ( ). Given that the point 𝑃 is (1,4), find the coordinates of the point 𝑄.
2
7. 𝐴 is a point (1, 2) and 𝐵 is a point (−2, 5). Find 𝐴𝐵 as a column vector.
8. The diagram below, 𝐴 is a point on the 𝑥 – 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and 𝐵 is a point on the 𝑦 – 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( −2 6), find the coordinates of 𝐵.

Given that 𝐴 is (2, 0) and 𝐴𝐵

−3
9. Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 = ( ). Find |𝐴𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.
4
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |.
10. Given that 𝐴 is a point (−2, 1) and 𝐵 is the point (1, 5), find |𝐴𝐵
11. 𝑍 is a point (−1,8) and 𝑀 is a point (2,12). Find the magnitude of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑍𝑀 .
12. The coordinates of 𝐵 and 𝐶 are (2, 5) and (4, −3) respectively. If 𝑀 is the mid-point of 𝐵𝐶, what is the position vector of 𝑀?
13. The points 𝑃 and 𝑄 have coordinates (2,4) and (−3,1) respectively. Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃𝑄 as a column vector.
3
14. Given that 𝑎 = ( ) , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 |𝑎|.
−4
−4
15. The vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑅𝑆 = ( ). Given that 𝑅 is a point (−2, 1). Find the coordinates of point 𝑆.
3
16. On the diagram below, 𝑂𝑃⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑂𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑞. Given that 𝑂𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑝 + 𝑞, draw a directed line segment 𝑂𝑅
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ on the same diagram.
17. Prove that the points 𝐴(−7, 5), 𝐵(−5, 8) and 𝐶(1, 17) are collinear.
18. Show that the points 𝐿(−2, −10), 𝑀(2, 2) and 𝑁(5, 11) are collinear
19. Show that the points 𝐴(−3, −5), 𝐵(0, −1) and 𝐶(3, 3) are collinear.
20. If 𝐶 (𝑝, 𝑞) is a point on the line 𝐴𝐵, where 𝐴(−2, 1) and 𝐵(3, 2). Find the value of 𝑝 and 𝑞.
21. The diagram below shows ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝐴𝐵 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑃. Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝐵 as a column vector

22. In the diagram below 𝐴𝑉𝐶 is a straight line ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝐴𝐵 = 8𝑝, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶 = 4𝑝 + 9𝑞, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑉 = −6𝑝 + 𝑘𝑞 and 𝐴𝑀 = 𝑀𝐵.

i) Express in terms of 𝑝, 𝑞 and/ or 𝑘.

a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
b) 𝐴𝑉
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ℎ𝐴𝐶
ii) Given that 𝐴𝑉 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , following an equation involving 𝑝, 𝑞
and 𝑘 or otherwise, find the numerical values of ℎ and 𝑘.

1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎, 𝑂𝐵
21. In the figure below 𝐴𝑂 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏, 𝑂𝑁
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑂𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and 𝐴𝑃 ∶ 𝑃𝐵 = 3 ∶ 2
3

a) Express the following in terms of 𝑎 and/ or 𝑏

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
i) 𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
ii) 𝑂𝑃
iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑁
b) Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑋 = ℎ𝑂𝑃 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , Express ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑋 in terms of 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ℎ.
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝐾𝐴𝑁
c) Given also that 𝐴𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , Express 𝑂𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝑎, 𝑏 and k.
d) Use your answer to (𝑏) and (𝑐) to find the values of ℎ and 𝑘.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

22. In the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷, 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑏, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶 = 2𝑏 and 𝐴𝐸: 𝐴𝐶 = 1: 3.

i) Find in terms of 𝑎 and /or 𝑏

a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐸
b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐸
c) 𝐵𝐷⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
ii) Hence or otherwise show that the points 𝐵, 𝐷 and 𝐸 are
collinear.
23. In the diagram below, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑞 and 𝑃𝑋: 𝑋𝑄 = 1: 2
𝑂𝑃 = 2𝑝, 𝑂𝑄

i) Express in terms of 𝑝 and / or 𝑞.

a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑄
b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑃𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
c) 𝑂𝑋
ii) Given that ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , show that
𝑂𝐶 = ℎ𝑂𝑋
ℎ 4ℎ
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐶𝑄 = 4 (1 − ) 𝑞 − 𝑝. 3 3

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎 and 𝐴𝐵
24. In the diagram below, 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶 is a parallelogram in which 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑏. 𝑂𝐵 and 𝐴𝐶 intersect at 𝐷.
𝐸 is the midpoint of 𝐶𝐷.

Express in terms of a and / or b.

a) OB
b) OE
c) CD

25. In the diagram below, 𝑂𝐴𝐵 is a triangle in which ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗

𝑂𝐴 = 3𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑈 𝑂𝐵 = 6𝑏 . 𝑂𝐶 ∶ 𝐶𝐴 = 2 ∶ 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑈

𝐴𝐷 ∶ 𝐷𝐵 = 1 ∶ 2. 𝑂𝐷 𝑚𝑒𝑒𝑡𝑠 𝐶𝐵 𝑎𝑡 𝐸.

a) Express each of the following in terms of

𝑎 and / or 𝑏
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
i) 𝐴𝐵
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
ii) 𝑂𝐷
iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶
b) Given that 𝐵𝐸 = ℎ𝐵𝐶, express 𝐵𝐸 in terms of
ℎ, 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 2𝑝 and 𝑂𝑄
26. In the diagram below, 𝑄 is the midpoint of 𝑂𝐶 and 𝑂𝐴𝐵𝑃 is a straight line with 𝑂𝐴 = 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝑃, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑞.

Express in terms of 𝑝 and / or 𝑞U

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
a) 𝑂𝐵
b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝐶
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
c) 𝐴𝑄
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
d) 𝐶𝑃
 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑂𝐴
27. In the diagram below, 𝑂𝐵 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . 𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝐵𝐶, 𝑂𝐴
𝐴𝐶 = 5𝐴𝑋 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵𝑀 = 𝑏.

i) Express in terms of 𝑎 U and / or 𝑏

a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵
b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶
c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀
2
ii) Show that 𝑂𝑋 = 5 (4𝑎 + 𝑏)

𝐴𝐶 1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎, 𝑂𝐵
28. In the diagram below 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 2.
𝐶𝐵

i) Express in terms of 𝑎 U and / or 𝑏

a) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵
b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶
c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐶
ii) Given that 𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝑂𝐶, show that
1
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑀 = (𝑏 − 4𝑎).
6

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑎, 𝑂𝐵
29. In the diagram below 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 𝑏 and 𝑋 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵.

(i) Express in terms of 𝑎 and /or 𝑏;

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(a) 𝐵𝐴
(b) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝑋
(c) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑋
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑎, express 𝐵𝐶
(ii) Given that 𝑂𝐶 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ in terms of 𝑎
and 𝑏.

⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑎 , 𝑂𝐵
30. In the diagram below, 𝑂𝐴 ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 3𝑏 , 𝑀 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 and 𝑂𝐵 = 3𝐵𝐷.

Express in terms of 𝑎 and /or 𝑏;

(i) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵
(ii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑀
(iii) ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐷
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
(iv) 𝑀𝐷
 NCHANGA SECONDARY SCHOOL OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
MATHEMATICS GRADE 12 TUTORIAL SHEET FOUR (GEOMETRIC TRANFORMATION)

1. A point 𝑅(−3, 1) is mapped onto 𝑆(2, −1) by a translation 𝑇. Express 𝑇 as a column vector.
2. A point 𝐴(2, 4)is mapped onto 𝐴1 (−3, 5) by a translation 𝑇. Find the translation 𝑇.
3. The diagram below shows two triangles 𝐴 and 𝐵

Describe fully the single transformation which maps triangle 𝐴 onto triangle 𝐵
3
4. The diagram below shows 𝛥𝐴. If 𝛥𝐴 is mapped onto 𝛥𝐵 by a translation 𝑇 = ( ) draw ΔB on the diagram below.
−2

5. In the diagram below, triangle 𝐴 is mapped onto triangle 𝐵.

Describe fully the transformation that maps triangle 𝐴 onto triangle 𝐵.

6. The kite in the diagram in the answer space has coordinates (0, 0), (2, 1), (5, 0) and (2, −1). Draw the image of the kite
after a reflection in line 𝑦 = 𝑥.
7. Coordinates of 𝐴 are (−3, 7) and coordinates of its image 𝐵 are (1,5). Point 𝐴 is mapped onto 𝐵 by a translation. Find
the translation vector 𝑇
8
8. The translation vector ( ) maps the point (𝑛 + 3, 2) onto (2𝑛 − 4, 14). Find the value of 𝑛.
12
 2 0
9. A transformation is represented by a matrix ( ). A point 𝐽 is mapped onto the point 𝑌(6, 16) by this matrix. Find the
−3 1
coordinates of 𝐽.
10. In the diagram below, triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto triangle 𝑆𝑇𝑈 by a combined transformation.

Name the two transformations that map triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle 𝑆𝑇𝑈
11. The diagram below shows two triangles 𝑨𝑩𝑪 and 𝑨′ 𝑩′ 𝑪′ on the 𝑋𝑂𝑌 plane.

Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle 𝑨𝑩𝑪 onto, triangle 𝑨′ 𝑩′ 𝑪′
12. The diagram in the answer space below shows triangle 𝑷 on the Cartesian plane. Given that triangle 𝑷 is mapped onto
triangle 𝑸 by a reflection in the line 𝑦 = −𝑥, draw and label triangle 𝑸.
13. In the diagram below, triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto triangle 𝐷𝐸𝐹 under transformation 𝑇.

Describe fully the transformation 𝑇.

14. In the diagram below, 𝐴(−3,3) can be mapped onto 𝐵(3, −3) under reflection transformation.

Find the equation of the line of reflection.

15. In the diagram below, figure 𝑽 is mapped onto figure 𝑾.

The matrix 𝑻 maps figure 𝑽 onto figure 𝑾 under Reflection. Write down the matrix 𝑇.
16. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a) On the diagram draw 𝛥𝑋1 𝑌1 𝑍1 , the image of 𝛥𝑋𝑌𝑍 under a reflection in the line 𝑥 = 0.
b) 𝛥𝑋1 𝑌1 𝑍1 Can be mapped onto 𝛥𝑋2 𝑌2 𝑍2 by a single transformation 𝑃. Name the transformation 𝑃.
c) Describe fully a single transformation which maps 𝛥𝑋𝑌𝑍 onto 𝛥𝑋2 𝑌2 𝑍2
17. The diagram below shows triangle 𝐴 on a Cartesian plane. Triangle 𝐴 is transformed by a shear with invariant line 𝑦 = 2 and
shear factor − 2. Draw on the same diagram the image of triangle 𝐴 under this transformation and label it 𝐵.

18. In the diagram below, triangle A is mapped onto triangle B by a single transformation. Describe fully the transformation.

19. The diagram below shows two shapes 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 and 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 on an 𝑋𝑂𝑌 plane.

Describe fully the single transformation which maps 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 onto 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆.

20. In the diagram below, triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto triangle 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 by transformation 𝑋 followed by tranformation 𝑌.

Describe fully the transformations 𝑋 and 𝑌.

21. The diagram below shows two figures 𝑃 and 𝑄 on the 𝑋𝑂𝑌 plane.
 Describe fully the single transformation that maps 𝑃 onto 𝑄.

ANSWER THE WHOLE OF THESE QUESTIONS ON SHEETS OF GRAPH PAPERS

22. Using a scale of 1𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit, on both axes, draw 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for −8 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12 and −6 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 14.
a) Draw and label triangle 𝑋 with vertices (2,4), (4,4) and (4,1).
b) Triangle 𝑋 is mapped onto triangle 𝑈 with vertices (6,12), (12,12) and (12,3) by a single transformation.
i) Draw and label triangle 𝑈.
ii) Describe fully this transformation.
c) A 90° clockwise rotation about the origin maps triangle 𝑋 onto triangle 𝑊. Draw and label triangle 𝑊.
d) A shear with 𝑥– 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 as the invariant line and shear factor −2 maps triangle 𝑋 onto triangle 𝑆. Draw and label
triangle 𝑆.
e) Triangle 𝑋 is mapped onto triangle 𝑀 with vertices (4,4), (8,4) and (8,1).
i) Draw and label triangle 𝑀
ii) Find the matrix which represents this transformation.
23. Using a scale of 1𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on each axis, draw 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10 and −10 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 8.
a) A quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 has vertices 𝐴(−5,7), 𝐵(−4,8), 𝐶(−3,7)and 𝐷(−4,4)while its imagine has vertices
𝐴1 (−5, −3), 𝐵1 (−6, −2), 𝐶1 (−5, −1)and 𝐷1 (−2, −2).
i) Draw and label the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 and its image 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 𝐷1.
ii) Describe fully the transformation which maps the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 onto quadrilateral 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 𝐷1 .
−2 0
b) The matrix ( ) maps the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 on the quadrilateral 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 𝐷2
0 1
i) Find the coordinates of the vertices of the quadrilateral 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 𝐷2
ii) Draw and label the quadrilateral 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 𝐷2
c) The quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is mapped onto quadrilateral 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 𝐷3 where 𝐴3 is (4, −8), 𝐵3 is (2, −10), 𝐶3 is
(0, −8) and 𝐷3 is (2. −2). Describe fully this transformation.
24. Using a scale of 1𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on each axis, draw 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10 and −6 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 12.
a) A quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 has vertices 𝐴(1,1), 𝐵(2,1), 𝐶(3,2) and 𝐷(2,3) while it’s imagine has vertices 𝐴1 (3,2),
𝐵1 (6,1), 𝐶1 (9,2) and 𝐷1 (6,3).
i) Draw and label the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 and its image 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 𝐷1
ii) Describe fully the transformation which maps the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 onto quadrilateral 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 𝐷1 .
1 0
b) The matrix ( ) maps the quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 on the quadrilateral 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 𝐷2.
3 1
i) Find the coordinates of quadrilateral 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 𝐷2.
ii) Draw and label quadrilateral 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 𝐷2.
c) Quadrilateral 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 𝐷3 has vertices 𝐴3 (−2, −4), 𝐵3 (−4, −2), 𝐶3 (−6, −4) and 𝐷3 (−4, −6). Describe fully the
transformation which maps quadrilateral 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 onto 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 𝐷3.
25. The vertices of a triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 are 𝐴(1, 1), 𝐵(1, 3) and 𝐶(3, 3). The vertices of triangle 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 are 𝐴1 (−1, 1),
𝐵1 (−3, 1) and 𝐶1 (−3, 3).
a) Using a scale of 1𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on each axis, draw the 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes for −6 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6 and −6 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 6. Draw
and label triangles 𝐴𝐵𝐶 and 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1.
b) Describe fully the transformation which maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1.
 c) An enlargement maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 with vertices 𝐴2 (−2, −2), 𝐵2 (−2, −6) and 𝐶2 (−6, −6).
i) Draw and label triangle 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 .
ii) Find the scale factor.
2 0
d) The transformation represented by the matrix ( ) maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 .
0 1
i) Find the coordinates of the vertices 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3.
ii) Draw and label triangle 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 .
e) Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto triangle 𝐴4 𝐵4 𝐶4 with vertices 𝐴4 (1, −2), 𝐵4 (1, 0) and 𝐶4 (3, −6).
i) Draw and label triangle 𝐴4 𝐵4 𝐶4,
ii) Find the matrix representing this transformation.
26. The triangle 𝑃 has vertices (2, 2), (3, 1) and (3, 2). Triangle 𝑄 has vertices (−2, 2), (−3, 1) and (−3, 2).
a) Using a scale of 2𝑐𝑚 to represent 1 unit on each axis, draw axes for the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 in the range −4 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4
and −4 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 6. Draw and label triangle 𝑃 and 𝑄.
b) Describe fully a single transformation which maps triangle 𝑃 onto triangle 𝑄.
c) Triangle 𝑅 is the image of triangle 𝑃 after a rotation of 180° about the origin. Draw triangle 𝑅.
d) Triangle 𝑃 is mapped onto triangle 𝑆 with coordinates (1, −2), (2, −2) and (2, −3). Describe fully a single
transformation that maps triangle 𝑃 onto triangle 𝑆.
1 0
e) A transformation with matrix ( ) maps triangle 𝑃 onto triangle 𝑇. Draw and label triangle 𝑇 and name this
0 2.5
transformation.
27. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

a) Triangle 𝑅 is the image of triangle 𝑃 under a rotation. Find the coordinates of the centre, angle and the direction of the
rotation.
b) A single transformation maps triangle 𝑃 onto triangle 𝑀. describe fully this transformation.
c) Triangle 𝑃 maps onto triangle 𝑉 by a stretch. Find the matrix of this transformation
1 0
d) If triangle 𝑃 is mapped onto triangle 𝑆 by a shear represented by the matrix ( ), find the coordinates of 𝑆.
−2 1
28. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow.
 a) An enlargement maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 . Find ;
i) The centre of enlargement
ii) The scale factor
b) Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto triangle 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 by a shear. Find the matrix which presents this transformation.
c) Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 by a single transformation. Describe this transformation fully.
−3 0
d) A transformation with matrix ( ) maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle𝐴4 𝐵4 𝐶4 not drawn on the diagram.
0 1
Find
i) The scale factor of this transformation
ii) The coordinates of 𝐴4 , 𝐵4 and 𝐶4 .
29. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow.

a) Triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 is mapped onto triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 by a single transformation. Describe this transformation fully.
b) An enlargement maps trapezium𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 onto 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 𝐷1 . Find the centre of the enlargement and the scale factor.
1 0
c) A transformation with the matrix ( ) maps triangle 𝑃𝑄𝑅 onto triangle 𝑋𝑌𝑍, not drawn on the
0 −3
diagram. Find the coordinates of 𝑋, 𝑌 and 𝑍.
 d) The triangle 𝐿𝑀𝑁 is mapped onto triangle 𝐿1 𝑀1 𝑁1 by a shear. Find
i) The matrix of the shear.
ii) The shear factor.

30. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow.

a) Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto triangle 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1 by an enlargement. Find its centre and scale factor.
b) Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 by a single transformation. Find;
i) The matrix representing this transformation,
ii) The area scale factor of the transformation.
c) Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 by a single transformation. Describe fully this transformation.
1 3
d) The matrix ( ) , maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle 𝐴4 𝐵4 𝐶4 (not drawn on the diagram). Find the
0 1
coordinates of 𝐴4 , 𝐵4 and 𝐶4 .
31. Study the diagram below and answer questions that follow

a) An enlargement maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle 𝐴1 𝐵1 𝐶1. Find;

i) The centre of the enlargement.
ii) Find the scale factor.
b) Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto 𝐴2 𝐵2 𝐶2 by a single transformation. Describe fully this transformation.
c) Triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is mapped onto 𝐴3 𝐵3 𝐶3 by a stretch. Find;
i) The matrix which represents this transformation,
ii) The area scale factor.
1 0
d) A transformation matrix ( ) maps triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶 onto triangle 𝐴4 𝐵4 𝐶4 (not drawn on the diagram). Find
2 1
the coordinates of 𝐴4 𝐵4 and 𝐶4
 NCHANGA SECONDARY SCHOOL OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
MATHEMATICS GRADE 12 TUTORIAL SHEET FIVE (EARTH GEOMETRY)

1. The diagram below shows the positions 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 on earth’s surface.

a) If it is 08 20 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 at 𝐴, what time is it at 𝐶?

b) A plane flies from 𝐴 to 𝐵 at a speed of 400 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑠. How long does the journey take if 𝐴𝐵 = 4 800𝑛𝑚?
2. The diagram below shows point 𝐴(60°𝑁, 30°𝑊), 𝐵(30°𝑆, 30°𝑊) and 𝐶(30°𝑆, 75°𝐸)

a) If the local time at 𝐵 is 15 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, what is the local time at 𝐶?

b) It takes 6 hours for a plane to fly from 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐵. What is its speed in knots
3. A plane leaves a town 𝑃(0°, 30°𝑊) and flies due east to a town 𝑄(0°, 50°𝐸) in 3 hours. The distance between 𝑃 and 𝑄
is 4 800𝑛𝑚.
a) Calculate the average speed
b) If the plane leaves 𝑃 at 06 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, what time will it arrive at 𝑄.
4. The difference in longitude between town 𝐴 and town 𝐵 is 105°. 𝐵 is west of 𝐴. A family at 𝐴 was watching a football
match at 16 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠.
a) At what time did the family at 𝐵 watch the same match?
b) The distance between 𝑃 and 𝑄 is 3 600𝑛𝑚. If an aeroplane flies from 𝑃 to 𝑄 at 600 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑠, how long will
it take.
5. Town 𝐿 is on (0°, 30°𝑊) and Town 𝐾 is on (0°, 60°𝐸) as shown in the diagram below.

a) If a radio quiz is scheduled to start at 12 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 at 𝐿. Find the time at which the people at 𝐾 will be listening to
the quiz.
22
b) What is the distance between 𝐾 and 𝐿 in kilometres? [ 𝜋 = 7
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚 ].
6. A soccer match kicked off at 14 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 at 𝐴(20°𝑁, 30°𝐸).
a) What would be the kick off time of the soccer match at 𝐵(20°𝑁, 15°𝑊).
b) Two towns 𝑃 and 𝑄 are on the same longitude. Given that 𝑃 is (40°, 15°𝑊) and 𝑃𝑄 is 7 200𝑛𝑚, find the position
of 𝑄.
7. Mogadishu and Kinshasa are on longitudes 45°𝐸 𝑎𝑛𝑑 15°𝐸 respectively.
a) If it is 11 30 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 in Mogadishu, what time is it in Kinshasa?
b) What is the shortest distance over the earth’s surface between 𝐴(32°𝑁, 8°𝑊) and 𝐵(40°𝑁, 172°𝐸)?
22
[ 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚, 𝜋 = 7 ]
8. The distance between 𝐴(20°𝑁, 30°𝐸) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵(𝑥°𝑆, 30°𝐸) is 3 600 nautical miles.
a) Find the value of 𝑥.
b) If the local time at 𝑃(60°𝑁, 30°𝑊) is 14 40 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, what is the local time at 𝑄(40°𝑆, 120°𝑊)
9. Given that 𝑋(33°𝑁, 70°𝑊) and 𝑌(44°𝑁, 70°𝑊).
a) Calculate the shortest distance between them in nautical miles
b) If the time at 𝑃(30°𝑆, 20°𝐸) is 13 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, what is the local time at 𝑄(12°𝑁, 100°𝑊).
10. Given that 𝑃(30°𝑁, 100°𝑊), 𝑄(30°𝑆, 100°𝑊) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇(30°, 130°𝑊)) are points on the earth’s surface.
a) Calculate the distance 𝑃𝑄 in nautical miles,
b) Given that the time at 𝑇 is 09 15 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, calculate the local time at 𝑃.
11. A ship leaves 𝑃(60°𝑆, 10°𝑊) and sails due east to 𝑄(60°𝑆, 50°𝐸).
a) Calculate the distance between 𝑃 and 𝑄 in nautical miles.
b) If time at 𝑃 is10 40 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, what is the local time at 𝑄?
12. The circumference of latitude 𝑥°𝑁 𝑖𝑠 10 800 nautical miles.
a) Find the value of 𝑥.
b) If the local time at 𝑃(60°𝑁, 30°𝑊) is 14 40 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 what is the local time at 𝑄(40°𝑆, 120°𝑊).
13. The diagram below shows two towns 𝐴 and 𝐵 on the equator. 𝐴 is on longitude 35°𝑊 and 𝐵 is on longitude 40°𝐸.

a) Find the time at 𝐴 when it is 18 00 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 at 𝐵.

b) A plane flying from 𝐴 to 𝐵 takes 5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠. find its speed.
14. A plane flying at a speed of 900 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑠 takes 5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 to fly from town 𝐴 to town 𝐵.
a) Calculate the distance between the two towns.
b) Point 𝑄 on longitude 85°𝐸 lies on the equator and is due east of 𝑃. The time difference between 𝑃 and 𝑄 is 5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠.
Calculate the longitude on which 𝑃 lies.
15. Two towns, 𝑃 and 𝑄, lie on latitude 43° north. 𝑃 is on longitude 23° west while 𝑄 is on longitude 𝑥° east.
a) If the difference in degrees between 𝑃 and 𝑄 is 63°, state the value of 𝑥.
b) A FIFA World Cup final match is scheduled to kick off at exactly 15 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠, local time, at 𝑄. What will be the kick
off time at 𝑃?
16. Bonzo is a town on (53°𝑆, 65°𝑊) and Munyefu is another town on (53°𝑆, 19°𝐸). A football match is scheduled to kick off at
15 30 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 local time at Bonzo. What will be the kick off time at Munyefu?
17. Two places 𝐴 and 𝐵 lie on the equator and are 2 820 nautical miles apart. 𝐴 is on longitude 17°𝑊 and 𝐵 is east of 𝐴. Find
the longitude of 𝐵.
18. An aeroplane leaves a town 𝑃(33°𝑁, 32°𝐸) and flies due south to a town 𝑄(12°𝑆, 32°𝐸). Given that it flew for 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 to
cover the distance 𝑃𝑄, find the average speed of the aeroplane in 𝑘𝑚/ℎ.
22
[ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 7
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚 ]
19. The points 𝐴(15°𝑁, 40°𝐸), 𝐵(35°𝑁, 70°𝐸) and 𝐶(35°𝑆, 40°𝐸) are on the surface of the Earth.
[ 𝑈𝑠𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚 ]
a) Calculate the distance 𝐴𝐶 in kilometers.
b) An aeroplane takes off from point 𝐵 and flies due west on the same latitude covering a distance of 900𝑘𝑚 to
point 𝑄.
i) Calculate the difference in longitudes between 𝐵 and 𝑄.
ii) Find the position of 𝑄.
20. 𝑃(80°𝑁, 10°𝐸), 𝑄(80°𝑁, 70°𝐸), 𝑅(85°𝑆, 70°𝐸) and 𝑆(85°𝑆, 10°𝐸) are the points on the surface of the
earth.[ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 3437𝑛𝑚 ]
i) Show the points on a clearly labeled sketch of the surface of the earth
ii) Find in nautical miles
iii) The distance QR along the longitude,
iv) The circumference of latitude 85°S.
21. Two towns 𝐾 and 𝑀 are on latitude 12°𝑆. Town 𝐾 is on longitude 58.4°𝑊 while town 𝑀 is on longitude 25.6°𝐸.
a) Show the positions of towns 𝐾 and 𝑀 on a sketch of the earth.
b) Taking 𝜋 = 3.142 and 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚, calculate the distance 𝐾𝑀.
c) Given that the time at town 𝐾 is 13 00 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 what is the time at 𝑀?
22. 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑇 are points on the surface of the earth as shown in the diagram below.
[ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 3437𝑛𝑚 ]

i) Find the difference in longitudes between points 𝑄 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅.

ii) Calculate the distance, in nautical miles, of
a) 𝑃𝑄
b) 𝑅𝑇
23. The diagram below shows three points 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅 on the surface of the earth.
[ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚 ].

i) Calculate the difference in longitude between 𝑃 and 𝑅.

ii) Given that the distance between 𝑃 and 𝑄 on latitude 𝑋°𝑁 is 4392.079611𝑘𝑚, calculate 𝑋.
iii) Calculate the distance 𝑄𝑅 on longitude 24°𝐸.
24. The points 𝑃, 𝑄, 𝑅 and 𝑇 are on the surface of the earth as shown in the diagram below.
[ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 3437𝑛𝑚 ]

i) Find the difference in longitude between the points 𝑇 and 𝑅.

 ii) Find, in nautical miles, the distance between
a) 𝑃 and 𝑄 along the latitude 65°𝑁,
b) 𝑃 and 𝑇 along the longitude 90°𝑊.
25. The points 𝐾, 𝐿 and 𝑀 are on the surface of the earth as shown in the diagram below.
[ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚 ]

i) Find the difference in longitude between the points 𝐾 and 𝐿.

ii) Find, in kilometres, the distance
a) 𝐿𝑀,
b) 𝐾𝐿.
26. In the diagram below, 𝐴 and 𝐵 are points on latitude 60°𝑁 while 𝐶 and 𝐷 are points point on latitude 60°𝑆.
[ 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 3437𝑛𝑚].

a) Calculate the distance 𝐵𝐶 along the latitude 60°𝑁 in nautical miles.

b) A ship sails from 𝐶 to 𝐷 in 12 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠. Find its speed in knots.
27. 𝑊, 𝑋, 𝑌 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍 are four points on the surface of the earth as shown in the diagram below.
[ 𝜋 = 3.142 and 𝑅 = 3437𝑛𝑚].

a) Calculate the difference in latitudes between 𝑊 and 𝑌.

b) Calculate the distance in nautical miles between
i) X and Z along the longitudes 105°E
ii) Y and Z along the circle of latitude 30°S
28. The points 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 are on the surface of the earth. [𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 3437𝑛𝑚]

a) Find the difference in latitude between points 𝐶 and 𝐵.

b) Calculate the length of the circle of latitude 50°𝑁 in nautical miles.
c) Find the distance 𝐴𝐷 in nautical miles.
29. The diagram below is a sketch of the earth and on it are the points 𝑃(20°𝑁, 80°𝐸), 𝑄(40°𝑆, 80°𝐸)
and 𝑅(40°𝑆, 30°𝐸). [ 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 6370𝑘𝑚 ]

a) Calculate the distance 𝑄𝑅 in kilometers

b) An aeroplane starts from 𝑃 and flies due west on the same latitude covering a distance of 1 232𝑘𝑚 to point 𝑇.
i) Calculate the difference in angles between 𝑃 and 𝑇.
ii) Find the position of 𝑇.
30. 𝑃 and 𝑄 are points on the surface of the earth situated on the same parallel of latitude 70°𝑁 as shown below. The
longitudes of 𝑃 and 𝑄 are 25°𝑊 and 15°𝐸 respectively. 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two points on the equator such that 𝐴 is due south of
𝑃 and 𝐵 is due south of 𝑄. [𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝜋 = 3.142 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅 = 3437𝑛𝑚]

i) State the position of the point 𝑄.

ii) Find the distance between 𝐴 and 𝐵.
iii) Calculate the circumference of the small circle at 70°𝑁.
iv) Find the distance along the parallel of latitude between 𝑃 and 𝑄, correct to 2 decimal places.
 NCHANGA SECONDARY SCHOOL OF ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE
MATHEMATICS GRADE 12 TUTORIAL SHEET SIX (CALCULUS)

1. Find the limits of each of the following;

a) lim𝑥→3 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
𝑥 2 −4
b) lim𝑥→2
𝑥−2
𝑥 2 −5
c) lim𝑥→0
𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑥−12
d) lim𝑥→3
𝑥−3
2. Differentiate the following using first principle
a) 𝑓(𝑥)= 2𝑥 + 4
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
c) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 −3𝑥 + 5
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2+𝑥
3. Differentiate the following using power rule
a) 𝑦 = 4𝑥2 −3𝑥 + 5
b) 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 4
c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2+𝑥
d) y = 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1
1
e) 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
3
4
f) 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 −
𝑥2
4. Differentiate the following;
a) 𝑦 = 𝑥2(𝑥 2+ 5)2
b) 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 - 1)(x+ 5)
c) 𝑦 =(3𝑥2−1)(𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2)
d) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2(𝑥 4−𝑥 2)
5. Differentiate the following;
𝑥2
a) 𝑦 =
𝑥+3
𝑥 2 +5
b) 𝑦 =
𝑥2
(𝑥−4)2
c) 𝑦 =
𝑥+2
6. Given that 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 −9𝑥 + 4, find;
dy
a)
dx
𝑑2𝑥
b)
dx2
2
𝑑2𝑥
c) ( )
𝑑𝑥 2
7. Find the following Indefinite Integrals;
a) ∫ 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
b) ∫(6𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
 c) ∫(5𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
d) ∫(𝑥 6 − 3𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
e) ∫(6𝑥 2 − 5)𝑑𝑥
f) ∫(3𝑥 4 − 4𝑥 −3 )𝑑𝑥
3𝑥 3 1
g) ∫( − 5𝑥 + )𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥2
h) ∫(3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 − 5)𝑑𝑥
i) ∫(𝑥 −3 − 3𝑥 4 + 5)𝑑𝑥
8. Evaluate the following definite integrals;
3
a) ∫1 (4𝑥 3 − 1)𝑑𝑥
2
b) ∫1 (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥
2
c) ∫1 (4𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
0 2
d) ∫−3 ( 𝑥 2 + 3) 𝑑𝑥
3
2
e) ∫−1(2 + 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
1
f) ∫0 (𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3)𝑑𝑥
3
g) ∫−1(3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
5
h) ∫2 (3𝑥 2 + 2)𝑑𝑥
3
i) ∫1 (3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥)𝑑𝑥
4
9. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 + at the point where 𝑥 = 4.
𝑥
2
10. Determine the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 2 that passes through (3, 7).
11. Find the coordinates of the points on the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 36𝑥 − 3 where the gradient is zero.
12. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4 at a point where 𝑥 = 2.
3
13. The equation of the curve is 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 . Find;
2
a) The equation of the normal to the curve where 𝑥 = 2.
b) The coordinates of the stationary points.
14. A curve has a gradient 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 3.
a) Find the equation of this curve if it passes through the point (3, −1).
b) Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 at the point (−1, 2).
15. The gradient function of a curve is 3𝑥 + 2. Find the equation of the curve if it passes through the point (0, 2).
16. Find the coordinates of the stationary points on the curve 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 4.
17. Find the equation of the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 5𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 at the point (1, 2).
18. The gradient function of the curve is 𝑦 = 6𝑥 + 8. Find the equation of the curve passing through the
point (1, 2).
19. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)3 at the point where 𝑥 = −1.
𝑑𝑦 2
20. The gradient function of a curve is given by 𝑑𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 3. Determine the equation of the curve in
terms of 𝑐, 𝑥 and 𝑦.