INSTITUTE OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB

Scientific Research Methodology

Research Paper
Amna Atiq
MPCS021R22-21
Brain Tumor detection from MRI using Pre-Trained Deep Learning Models
1.Abstract

Deep learning technology has been applied frequently to analyze medical images for detection of various diseases,
and it excels in operations like segmentation and registration. In modern days, checking the huge number of MRI
images and finding a brain tumor manually by a human is a very tedious and inaccurate task. It can affect the proper
medical treatment of the patient. There is a good similarity between normal tissue and brain tumor cells in
appearance to detect that needs a lot of precision and attention. The aim of this research is to reduce the man power
required to retrieve/Report data from MRI images and diagnose other dangerous diseases in clinical domains related
to medical imaging related to cancerous and non-cancerous detection of damaged tissue cells. With the use of a
convolutional neural network and previously trained deep learning models, the proposed algorithm will identify
brain tumors from MRI scans of the brain. The proposed technique shall be able to work in other scientific areas
using the transfer learning and pre trained models to be used in this research. The suggested model uses other
previously trained models to deliver efficient and results with a low complexity rate, and it aims to attain an
accuracy result of 97%.

Keywords: Brain tumor; MRI; Deep learning; CNN; transfer learning; Detection

2.Introduction

The term "medical imaging" describes a number of non-invasive procedures for analyzing the inside of
the body. Mri is primarily used in the human body for medical imaging and diagnostic purposes.
Therefore, it has a huge impact on how well people are treated and their cure from that disease. The
success of image processing at a higher level is determined by the image segmentation process, which is a
vital stage. In this scenario, our primary emphasis has been on segmenting the brain tumor from the MRI
scans. It makes it easier for medical personnel to locate the tumor in the brain.
Radiologists, engineers, and physicians use medical image processing to thoroughly grasp the anatomy of
either individual patients or populations. One example of how interaction is carried out between patient
anatomy and medical equipment might be better understood through measurement, statistical analysis,
and the development of simulation models that contain realistic anatomical geometries.
The excessive, abnormal division and development of tissue cells is referred to as cancer. A brain tumor
is a mass that develops when these abnormal cell division and development occur in the brain tissue.
Although they are uncommon, brain tumors are one of the most fatal cancers.
Brain tumors can be classified as either primary or metastatic, depending on where they first developed.
Brain tissue cells are the source of the cells in primary tumors, however in metastatic tumors, cancerous
cells might develop in any other part of the body before spreading to the brain.
2.1 Classification of tumor
There are three basic types of tumors:
2.1.1 Benign tumor
Non-cancerous or malignant tumors can also be benign. It might not spread to other parts of the body or
infect nearby tissue the way cancer can. The diagnosis for benign tumors is typically not worrisome, but it
might be alarming if it presses on essential organs like blood arteries or nerves.
2.1.2 Pre-Malignant tumor
The cells in these tumors are not malignant. They must, however, have the capacity to develop into
cancer. The cells will develop and spread to other areas of the body.
2.1.3. A malignant tumor
Malignancy tumors are cancerous. When cells expand uncontrollably, they emerge. The disease will
become dangerous if the cells continue to develop and unfold. Malignant tumors will spread fast to
different parts of the body using a process called metastasis.
According to the most recent research, there will be 24530 adults (13840 men and 10690 women) in the
United States in 2021 who have cancerous tumors in their brains or spinal cord. Less than 1% of people
will experience a type of brain tumor over their lifetime. Between 85% and 90% of all primary central
nervous system (CNS) tumors are brought on by it. Aside from adult primary brain tumors, this year will
also see the diagnosis of 3,460 children under the age of 15 with a brain or CNS tumor.
There are numerous methods for diagnosing brain tumors, including CT scan and EEG, but Magnetic
Resource Image (MRI) is the most reliable and popular one. Internal images of the body's organs are
produced by MRI using strong magnetic fields and radio waves. MRI is more accurate than CT or EEG
scanning because it provides more in-depth information about the inside organs. The medical field has
advanced significantly in recent years thanks to AI and deep learning. One example is the medical image
processing approach, which makes it easier and quicker for doctors to diagnose diseases than it was in the
past. Computer-aided technology is also essential in overcoming these constraints since the medical field
need effective and trustworthy methods for diagnosing life-threatening disorders like cancer, which is the
number one cause of patient mortality worldwide. Therefore, utilizing a data augmentation strategy and a
convolutional neural network model, we present a method for classifying brain tumors into cancerous and
non-cancerous in our study using brain MRI images.