TEA MS P O R T S

VOL L EY B A LL
PHYSICAL EDUCATION 4

PROF. JOANNA ROSE T. BURGOS, ED.M., MPES

MODULE 2
 BRIEF HISTORY
Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, who was a
Physical Education director of YMCA in Holyoke, Massachusetts. He
developed the game to provide an indoor game for the winter months in
which relatively large groups of men could participate in a small
gymnasium. The principal features of tennis were employed, but the net
was raised and the players struck the “bladder of a basketball” (an
inflated or balloon- like ball) with their hands instead of racquets.
Volleyball was first played at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris as a
demonstration sport as part of an American sports demonstration event. It
has been officially played at the Olympic Games since 1964. Today the
game volleyball requires team strategies involving offensive and defensive
plays and highly refined individual skills.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT
✔BALL
✔NET
✔POSTS
✔COURT
 BALL
The ball used for volleyball is smaller than the
basketball bladder that was used originally. For
indoor volleyball, it should have a circumference
between 65 and 67 cm when fully inflated to an
inner pressure between 4.3 and 4.6 lbs. Once
inflated, the ball must weigh between 260 and
280 g. During FIVB competitions and world
events, three balls are used and must meet the
same standards as the other balls before being
approved for play.
 NET, POSTS AND COURT
The Volleyball court is 9 by 18 meters. The net is placed in the center of the
court, making each side of the net 9 meters.
 NET, POSTS AND COURT
A. Center Line
This is a line marked at the center of
the court dividing it equally. The net is
placed directly above the center line.
B. Attack Line
This is a line marked 3 meters away on
each side of the center line.
C. Service Line
This is the area from which the server
serves the volleyball. It measures 9
meters from the side lines of the court.
 NET, POSTS AND COURT
D. The Net
The net is placed directly above the
center line, with the height of 7 feet 4
inches above the ground for women and
8 feet above the ground for men.
E. Poles
Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet
apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines.
F. Ceiling Height
The minimum ceiling height should be 23
feet, though they should preferably be
higher.
Fundamental
Skills and
Techniques
of Volleyball
FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Passing
✔Serving
FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Setting
✔Spiking
✔Blocking
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Passing
The most fundamental skill to be
learned is the ability to pass the
ball to a teammate, which is
required in almost all plays.
Forearm pass, Forearm bounce or bump
It is used to receive serves, low balls, and spikes. This is
used to recover the opponents’ attack. It is sometimes the
so- called “dig”.

To execute the forearm bounce, stand with the feet astride

and one foot slightly in front. Arms are extended forward
with the hands one on top of each other. Bend the legs as
the arm is lowered; straighten the knees as the arm is
raised in front. Let the ball bounce on the forearm.
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Passing
The most fundamental skill to be
learned is the ability to pass the
ball to a teammate, which is
required in almost all plays.
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Serving This means putting the ball into

play from the end line.
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Serving This means putting the ball into

play from the end line.
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Types of Service
a. Underhand serve – For a right-handed player, stand with the left foot in front, the left hand
holding the ball in front, and the right arm raised backward. As you release the ball, swing the
right arm forward with a closed fist. Let the ball bounce on the hand. It is the easiest and
simplest for beginners to use to start the play.

b. Overhead serve – It is executed by tossing the ball 2 to 3 feet in the air above and in front
of the right shoulder. The left side of the body faces the net; with the feet in a stride position.
The arm extends from a cocked position to contact the ball.

c. Sidearm serve – A right-handed player stands with the left shoulder facing the net and the
ball held at about hip level while the arm is extended forward. Toss the about a foot, then, swing
the right arm towards the net as you hit the ball with the hand.
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Serving
Underhand Serve
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Serving
Overhead Serve
 FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Serving
Sidearm Serve
 FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Setting
This is a synchronized springing action of
the fingers, wrists, and arms, as well as
extension of the legs, pushes the ball
forward. Finger toss is a kind of setting,
which is a synchronized springing of the
fingers, arms and legs.
 FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Spiking
It is the act of striking the ball with great force
in a downward direction into the opponents’
court. To accomplish this powerful offensive
skill, the player must learn to coordinate the
approach, take off, and arm swing.
 FUNDAMENTAL TECHNIQUES IN VOLLEYBALL

✔Blocking
It is a defensive play by an opponent or
opponents against the spike or any other
placement play near the net.The player jumps
up and at the same times raises both arms
upward to block the ball.
VOLLEYBALL DRILLS ACTIVITY
 HOW TO PLAY THE GAME
Volleyball is a sport played by two teams on a playing court divided by a
net. The object of the game is to send the ball over the net in order to
ground it on the opponent's court, and to prevent the same effort by the
opponent. The team has three hits for returning the ball (in addition to the
block contact). The ball is put in play with a service, hit by the server over
the net to the opponents. The rally continues until the ball is grounded on the
playing court, goes "out" or a team fails to return it properly. In Volleyball, the
team winning a rally scores a point (Rally Point System). When the receiving
team wins a rally, it gains a point and the right to serve, and its players
rotate one position clockwise.
Basic Rules of the Game
There are six players on court in a volleyball team, who each
must rotate one position clockwise every time their team wins
back service from the opposition. Only the three players at the
net positions can jump and spike or block near the net. The
backcourt players can only hit the ball over the net if they
jump from behind the attack line, also known as the
three-meter line, which separates the front and back part of
the court. Each team is only allowed three touches or three
hits before the ball crosses over the net.
 Since 1998, volleyball has been using a new scoring system. Teams
scored a point on every rally (or what you call the Rally Point
System), regardless of which team served. Matches are played best of
five sets. The first four sets are played to 25 points, with the final set
being played to 15 points. A team must win a set by two points. There
is no ceiling, so a set continues until one of the teams gains a
two-point advantage. In 1998, the FIVB (International Volleyball
Federation) introduced a new specialist role: the libero. This player
wears a different colored uniform from the rest of the team and can
substitute in backcourt for any player on the team.
❑ Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)

❑ Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve

❑ A ball hitting a boundary line is “in”

❑ A ball is out if it hits an antennae, the floor completely outside the court,

❑ any of the net or cables outside the antennae, the referee stand or pole, the
ceiling above a non-playable area

❑ It is legal to contact the ball with any part of a players body

❑ It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball

❑ If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered
one play and either player involved may make the next contact (provided
the next contact isn’t the teams 4th hit)

❑ A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line

❑ After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net

❑ At higher competition, the officiating crew may be made up of two refs,

line judges, scorer, and an assistant scorer
Basic Volleyball Rules Violations

❑ The following are some basic volleyball rules for violations. The result of
a violation is a point for the opponent.

❑ When serving, stepping on or across the service line as you make contact
with the serve

❑ Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully

❑ Contacting the ball illegally (lifting, carrying, throwing, etc. )

 GAME VIOLATIONS
A. Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. Exception: If
the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an
opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.

B. When blocking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball
when reaching over the net is a violation if both:
1) your opponent hasn’t used 3 contacts AND
2) they have a player there to make a play on the ball

C. When attacking a ball coming from the opponents court, contacting the ball
when reaching over the net is a violation if the ball hasn’t yet broken the vertical
plane of the net.
 GAME VIOLATIONS
D. Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body. Exception: if it’s the
hand or foot, the entire hand or entire foot must cross for it to be a violation.

E. Serving out of order.

F. Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from their opponent), when
at the moment of contact the back row player is near the net and has part of
his/her body above the top of the net (an illegal block).

G. Back row player attacking a ball inside the front zone ( the area inside the 10
foot line), when at the moment of contact the ball is completely above the net (an
illegal attack).
 PLAYER POSITION AND THEIR ROLES
Setter
The setter is the main contributor to the offense of the volleyball team. One of the requirements of the setter is
having a delicate touch to set the ball perfectly for one of the attacking players. Communication is extremely
important for the setter because they need to get the rest of the players on the same page. Without the setter, there
wouldn’t be hard spikes or technical ball movement.

Outside Hitter
The outside hitter is also known as the left-side hitter and is the lead attacker in the offensive strategy. To be a
successful outsider hitter, you must be able to jump high, be quick on your feet, and be ready to adapt to different
situations. The volleyball won’t always be placed where the outsider hitter would like, so they need to be prepared
for hits from a variety of places.

Opposite Hitter
Also known as the right-side hitter, these players need to be a perfect balance of both offense and defense. They
will also get many opportunities to hit the volleyball, so similar to the outside hitter, jumping ability is vital. The main
difference that sets the opposite hitter apart is their defensive responsibility. Being able to receive the serve from
the opposing team is just one of the many requirements of this specialized position.
 PLAYER POSITION AND THEIR ROLES
Middle Blocker
The middle blocker, sometimes known as the middle hitter, is the tallest player on the volleyball team. Their main role for the team
is being the first line of defense against the opposing team’s hits. The middle blocker needs to read the other team’s attackers to
quickly raise his or her arms above the net in a blocking attempt. However, this is not a defense-only position. The middle blocker
will have chances for quick points throughout the set.

Libero
The libero can become confusing for non-volleyball players. They can only play on the back row of the court, and because of this,
are the ideal person to receive a hit from the opposite team. There are set rules the libero needs to follow, such as not attacking the
ball at the net, playing a set for an attacker from the front, and more. You can always tell a libero apart from the rest of the team
because they wear a different colored jersey. 

Defensive Specialist
The thing that sets the defensive specialist apart from other volleyball positions is their ability to substitute out any player on the
court. This will count against the team’s total of 12 substitutions. The defensive specialist traditionally focuses on ball control and
passing and works well with the libero.
GROUP ACTIVITY
VOLLEYBALL HAND SIGNALS DANCE
Create your group’s own dance steps using the Hand
Signals of Volleyball Sport Official/ Referee. Choose at
least 15 hand signals that you can include in your dance
performance.

Perform the Volleyball Hand Signals Dance. Music

accompaniment is required (free of choice).