OVERVIEW OF SOLUTION

BY: MICAH EZRA N. CHANG

 BIG QUESTIONS

1. Why do we need to study Solution?

2.What is Solution?

3.How can we apply our knowledge about

Solution to our classroom or daily life?
 Why do we need to study Solution?

Because solution is everywhere

 What is Solution?
01 02 03
REVIEW: CLASSIFICATION SOLUTE AND SOLVENT TYPES OF SOLUTION
OF MATTER

04 05 06
THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT TYPES OF SOLUTION BASE DISSOLUTION
ON SOLUTE
CONCENTRATION
 What is Solution?
07 08 09
SOLUBILITY DEGREE OF SATURATION FACTORS AFFECTING
SOLUBILITY
01 REVIEW: CLASSIFICATION OF
MATTER
REVIEW: CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
 REVIEW: CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Pure Substances

• A pure substance has a definite composition.

• Pure substances can be elements or compounds
 REVIEW: CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
Mixtures
Combination of 2 or more pure substances.

Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Not uniform
Uniform throughout
throughout
SOLUTE AND
SOLVENT 02
 SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or
more substances.

The substance present in largest quantity

usually is called the solvent. The solvent
can be either a liquid or a solid.

The substance that is present in smallest

quantity is said to be dissolved and is called
the solute. The solute can be either a gas, a
liquid, or a solid.
 SOLUTE AND SOLVENT
• SOLUTE – the part of a solution that is
being dissolved (usually the lesser
amount)

• SOLVENT – the part of a solution that

dissolves the solute (usually the greater
amount)

• SOLUTE + SOLVENT =
SOLUTION
TYPES OF
SOLUTION
03
 TYPES OF SOLUTION

Gas
Liquid
Solid
 THE UNIVERSAL
04 SOLVENT
 THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
Water is the Universal Solvent

One reason that water is able to dissolve

many substances is that it is polar. The
charged ends of the water molecule
attract the molecules of other polar
substances.
 THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
How does a solution formed?
1. Solvent molecules attracted to surface ions.
2. Each ion is surrounded by solvent molecules.
3. Enthalpy (ΔH) changes with each interaction broken or formed.
Enthalpy (H) is the sum of the internal energy (U) and the product of pressure and volume (PV) given by the equation:
H=U+PV.
 THE UNIVERSAL SOLVENT
• The ions are solvated
(surrounded by solvent).
• If the solvent is water, the
ions are hydrated.

• Solvation describes the

interaction of solvent
with dissolved molecules.
 05
TYPES OF SOLUTION BASE ON SOLUTE
CONCENTRATION
 TYPES OF SOLUTION BASE ON SOLUTE CONCENTRATION

• Dilute small amount of

solute dispersed in the
solvent
• Concentrated large
amount of solute is
dissolved in the solvent
 TYPES OF SOLUTION BASE ON SOLUTE CONCENTRATION

• Hypotonic (lower solute

concentration) to the
solution
• Hypertonic (higher solute
concentration) to the
solution
• Isotonic solutions are equal
in their solute
concentrations. We say
that they are isotonic to
each other.
06 DISSOLUTION
 DISSOLUTION

• Dissolution is the process

by which a solid, liquid or
gas forms a solution in a
solvent
 DISSOLUTION

• In solids this can be

explained as the
breakdown of the crystal
lattice into individual ions,
atoms or molecules and
their transport into the
solvent.
• For liquids and gases, the
molecules must be
compatible with those of
the solvent for a solution
to form.
SOLUBILITY 07
 SOLUBILITY

• Solubility refers to the

maximum amount of
solute, expressed in
grams, that can be
dissolved in 100 g of water
at a specific temperature
& pressure.
 SOLUBILITY

• Soluble a substance that

dissolves in a solvent
• Insoluble a substance that
does not dissolve in a
solvent (sand is insoluble
in water)
SOLUBILITY
 SOLUBILITY

• Immiscible Two liquids that are

insoluble (Oil & Vinegar)
• Miscible Two liquids that are soluble in
each other (Alcohol & Water)
 SOLUBILITY

• Immiscible Two liquids that are

insoluble (Oil & Vinegar)
• Miscible Two liquids that are soluble in
each other (Alcohol & Water)
DEGREE OF
SATURATION
08
 DEGREE OF SATURATION

Saturation Types
 Saturated - solution containing undissolved solute in equilibrium
with the solution
 Unsaturated - solution containing less than the maximum amount
of solute
 Supersaturated - solution containing more solute than is normally
allowed
 DEGREE OF SATURATION

Unsaturated Solution

Less than the maximum amount

of solute for that temperature is
dissolved in the solvent.
No solid remains in flask.
 DEGREE OF SATURATION

Saturated solution

Solvent holds as much solute as

is possible at that temperature.
Undissolved solid remains in
flask.
Dissolved solute is in dynamic
equilibrium with solid solute
particles.
 DEGREE OF SATURATION

Supersaturated Solution

Solvent holds more solute than is normally possible at that temperature.

These solutions are unstable; crystallization can often be caused by
adding a “seed crystal” or scratching the side of the flask.
 FACTORS
09 AFFECTING
SOLUBILITY
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY

Temperature Pressure Pressure

Changes in pressure have Example:
The effect of little effect on the
temperature on the Carbonated
solubility of solids and
solubility of gases in liquids, but pressure beverages
liquid solvents is strongly influences the
opposite that of solubility of gases.
solids. Gas solubility increases
The solubilities of as the partial pressure of
most gases are the gas above the
greater in cold water solution increases.
than in hot.
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY

Pressure and Henry’s

Law S1 S 2
=
Henry’s law states P1 P 2
that at a given
temperature, the
solubility (S) of a gas If the solubility of a gas in water is 0.77
1.
in a liquid is directly g/L at 3.5 atm of pressure, what is its
proportional to the solubility (in g/L) at 1.0 atm of pressure?
pressure (P) of the gas
above the liquid.
(The temperature is held constant at
25°C.)
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
Pressure and Henry’s
Law
Henry’s law states
that at a given
temperature, the
solubility (S) of a gas
in a liquid is directly
proportional to the
pressure (P) of the gas
above the liquid.
S1 S 2
=
P1 P 2
If the solubility of a gas in water is 0.77
1.
g/L at 3.5 atm of pressure, what is its
solubility (in g/L) at 1.0 atm of pressure?
(The temperature is held constant at
25°C.) Answer: 0.22 g/L
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOLUBILITY
Agitation
If the contents of the
glass are stirred, the
crystals dissolve more
quickly
Particle Size of the The more surface area
Solute of the solute that is
exposed, the faster
The rate at which a the rate of dissolving
solute dissolves also
depends upon the size of
the solute particles
The smaller particles in
granulated sugar expose
a much greater surface
area to the colliding
water molecules.
 How can we apply our knowledge about
Solution to our classroom or daily life?

In your everyday life, you encounter solutions all the time. For example,
you may add salt to water when cooking pasta. The salt dissolves in the
water, resulting in a solution. Most of your "household" chemicals
are solutions.
THANKS
CREDITS: This presentation template was
created by Slidesgo, including icons by
Flaticon, and infographics & images by
Freepik
Please keep this slide for attribution