Alendajao, Ken Arnold

Ms. Then Marie Tumarong

ARTS MOVEMENTS

Search for the following topics. Secure 2 samples and search for a short introduction for each of them.
( 3-5 sentences)

 Naturalism
- Naturalism in art refers to the depiction of realistic objects in a natural setting. The
Realist movement of the 19th century advocated naturalism in reaction to the stylized
and idealized depictions of subjects in Romanticism, but many painters have used a
similar approach over the centuries. Naturalism is a type of art that pays attention to
very accurate and precise details, and portrays things as they are.

 Humanism
- Humanism is a moral philosophy that drew inspiration from classical antiquity and had
significant influence on the work of Italian Renaissance artists. As Europe emerged from
the Middle Ages, painters, sculptors, and architects sought to return to the ideals of
Classical Greek and Roman society. Chief among this embrace of classicism was
affirming the dignity of man.
 Fresco Painting
- Fresco painting, a method of painting water-based pigments on freshly applied plaster,
usually on wall surfaces. The colours, which are made by grinding dry-powder pigments
in pure water, dry and set with the plaster to become a permanent part of the wall.
Fresco painting is ideal for making murals because it lends itself to a monumental style,
is durable, and has a matte surface.

 Tempera Painting
- Tempera (also called egg tempera) was a method of painting that superceded the
encaustic painting method, only to be itself replaced by oil painting. Its name stems from
the Latin word temperare, meaning ‘to mix in proportion’. Unlike encaustic paints which
contain beeswax to bind the colour pigments, or oil paints which use oils, tempera
employs an emulsion of water, egg yolks or whole eggs (occasionally with a little glue,
honey or milk). Tempera is typically applied onto a prepared surface. Wood panel
paintings, for instance, were prepared with layers of gesso (a mixture of size and chalk)
to form a smooth surface.
 Oil Painting
- Oil painting is the process of painting with pigments with a medium of drying oil as the
binder. It has been the most common technique for artistic painting on wood panel or
canvas for several centuries, spreading from Europe to the rest of the world. The
advantages of oil for painting images include “greater flexibility, richer and denser
colour, the use of layers, and a wider range from light to dark”. But the process is
slower, especially when one layer of paint needs to be allowed to dry before another is
applied.

 Impressionism
- Impressionism is a style of painting that focuses on the effects of light and atmosphere
on colors and forms. Impressionist artists often used broken brush strokes rather than
smooth and unnoticeable ones and also used many colors to paint scenes of every day
life. Many of Impressionist artists would begin their paintings out-of-doors as Monet
had done.
 Post Impressionism
- Post-Impression refers to a genre of painting that rejected the naturalism of
Impressionism, in favor of using color and form in more expressive manners. The word
“Post-“ means “after”, so “post-impressionist” painting came after “impressionist”
painting. These artists developed impressionism but rejected its limitations. They
continued using the real-life subject matter, with vivid colours, often with thick paint.

 Cubism
- Cubism, another modern art movement, was primarily restricted to painting and
sculpture. Nevertheless it had a major influence on the development of modern art.
Cubism was initiated by the Spaniard Pablo Picasso and the Frenchman Georges Braques
in Paris before World War I. Paul Cezanne, usually categorized as a Post-Impressionist,
can be considered as their predecessor.
 Fauvism
- The word Fauvism comes from the French word fauve, which means “wild animals”. And
indeed – this new modern art style was a bit wild – with strong and vivid colors. Paul
Gauguin and the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh had carried Impressionism to its limits
by using expressive colors. Fauvism went one step further in using simplified designs in
combination with an “orgy of pure colors” as it was characterized by their critics. The
first exhibition by Fauvist artists took place in 1905.

 Expressionism
- Expressionism, in simplified terms, was some kind of a German modern art version of
Fauvism. The expressionist movement was organized in two groups of German painters.
One was called Die Brücke, literally meaning The Bridge. The group was located in
Dresden with the artists Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Erich Heckel, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein,
Otto Mueller and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. After World War I, this group was followed by
another group of artists, calling themselves Dresdner Sezession.
 Dadaism
- Dadaism or Dada was a form of artistic anarchy born out of disgust for the social,
political and cultural values of the time. It embraced elements of art, music, poetry,
theatre, dance and politics. Dada was not so much a style of art like Cubism or Fauvism,
it was more a protest movement with an anti-establishment manifesto.

 Surrealism
- Surrealism is another of the many modern art movements in the 20 th century. Its
philosophical “father” was Andre Breton, a French poet and writer who published the
Surrealist guidelines, called Manifesto in 1924 in Paris. Surrealism emphasizes the
unconscious, the importance of dreams, the psychological aspect in arts. Surrealism
became an important movement in the fine arts, literature and in films (by the Spaniard
Bunuel for instance).
 Pop Art
- The word Pop Art is an abbreviation for Popular Art. The name says it all. The Pop Art
movement wanted to bring art back into the daily life of people. It was a reaction
against abstract painting, which pop artists considered as too sophisticated and elite.
Pop artists’ favorite images were objects from everyday’s life like soup cans for Andy
Warhol or comics for Roy Lichtenstein.