MC-SCIENCE 5 | ASTR NOMY

BASIC
ASTRONOMICAL
PHENOMENA
OBJECTS &
Prepared By:
ANDREI LL. BARELA
SHAVEMIL R. LUIS
BSED-SCIENCE III
MC-SCIENCE 5 | ASTR NOMY

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES:
1 Define astronomical
phenomena and celestial
objects.

2
Recognize the different
basic astronomical
phenomena and celestial
objects.
 h en o m e n a re fe r s
Astronomi ca l p
e s a n d p ro c es s e s
to the pro p e rt i
of m at te r in o u t er
that agreg a t e s
s s ta r s, p la n et s ,
space, suc h a
t c. u n d e rg o .
comets, e
An atmosphere is a layer (or several
layers) of gas that surrounds a planet, or
other celestial body.

An atmosphere can be acquired in

different ways:
it can be accreted onto a celestial body
by gravitational attraction or;
it can be released from a celestial body
itself in a process referred to as
outgassing.
 While the atmosphere shields us
from harmful radiation from the sun, SUCH AS:
it also reflects most radiation. This
makes observations at some Sky Color
wavelengths weaker.
Twinkling of Stars

Light Pollution
 Due to the daily rotation
of the Earth on its axis,
the celestial sphere
appears to rotate daily
east to west and stars
seem to follow circular
trails around the
celestial poles.
The celestial poles are
the two points where
the projection of the
Earth’s rotation axis
intersects with the
celestial sphere.
 An eclipse occurs when one
heavenly body such as a moon or
planet moves into the shadow of
another heavenly body
The Moon moves in an orbit
around Earth. At the same time,
Earth orbits the Sun. Sometimes
Earth moves between the Sun
and the Moon. When this
happens, Earth blocks the
sunlight that normally is reflected
by the Moon. (This sunlight is
what causes the Moon to shine.)
Instead of light hitting the Moon's
surface, Earth's shadow falls on
the Moon.
FIGURE: A Lunar Eclipse
When the moon moves
between the Sun and Earth,
the moon blocks the light of
the Sun from reaching Earth.
This causes an eclipse of the
Sun, or a solar eclipse. During
a solar eclipse, the Moon
casts a shadow onto Earth.
FIGURE: A Lunar Eclipse
 TOTAL
SOLAR ECLIPSE

PARTIAL
SOLAR ECLIPSE

ANNULAR
SOLAR ECLIPSE
Ecliptic is the great circle
that is the apparent path of
the Sun among the
constellations in the course
of a year;
The projection on the
celestial sphere of the orbit
of Earth around the Sun.
KEPLER'S LAW
Kepler’s laws of planetary
motion, in astronomy and
classical physics, laws
describing the motions of the THE 3 S
LAW
planets in the solar system. 1 law of Ellipse
They were derived by the
German astronomer Johannes 2 law of Areas

Kepler.
3 law of Periods
LAW OF
All planets move about
the Sun in elliptical
orbits, having the Sun as
one of the foci.
LAW OF
A radius vector joining
any planet to the Sun
sweeps out equal areas
in equal lengths of time.
 LAW OF
The squares of the sidereal periods (of
revolution) of the planets are directly
proportional to the cubes of their mean
distances from the Sun.
The Doppler effect, or Doppler
shift, describes the changes in
frequency of any kind of compressed - higher frequencies

sound or light wave produced

by a moving source with
respect to an observer. stretched out - Lower Frequencies
an orbit is a regular, repeating
path that one object in space
takes around another one. An
object in an orbit is called a
satellite. A satellite can be
natural, like earth or the
moon. Many planets have
moons that orbit them.
deviation of a celestial body from a
regular orbit about its primary. Caused
by the presence of one or more other
bodies that act upon the celestial body.
Precession refers to the slow change in
the direction of Earth's rotational axis.
Also known as the "wobble" of the
Earth
Caused by the tug of gravitational
force exerted mainly by the moon and
the sun
The "wobble" takes approximately
26,000 years.
Astronomical nutation refers
to irregularities in the
precessional motion of
rotating bodies
 An objects motion along the sky
relative to the distant stationary,
background celestial objects and as
measured from one particular point
space.
Tides are the periodic
variations in the surface water
level of the oceans, bays, gulfs,
NEAP TIDE
and inlets. Tides are the result
of the gravitational attraction SPRING TIDE

of the sun and moon on the

earth.
Zodiac is the band of sky
along which the paths of the
ARIES LIBRE
sun, the moon, and the
TAURUS SCORPIO
planets appear to move.
GEMINI SAGITTARIUS
CANCER CAPRICORN
LEO AQUARIUS
VIRGO PISCES
 y o c c u rr in g
a n a tu r a ll
is
ss o c ia ti o n,
a l en ti t y , a
physic
t h a t e x is t s
tu r e
or struc
o b s erv a b le
within t h e
un iv e rs e
 Planets are moderately
large objects orbiting a star.
They are generally rocky or
gaseous in nature and
spherical shaped.
 The smallest planet in
the solar system closest
to the Sun.
The FASTEST planet,
zipping around the Sun
every 88 Earth Days.
The 2nd planet close to
the Sun
Spins slowly in the
opposite direction from
most planets
The hottest planet in the
solar system
the only habitable planet
in the solar system.
Also the only planet in
our solar system with
liquid water on surface.
a dusty, cold, desert
world with a very thin
atmosphere.
is more than twice as
massive than the other
planets of our system
combined.
The giant planet's Great
Red Spot is a century old
storm bigger than earth.
adorn with dazzling,
complex system of icy
rings.
it is dark, cold, and
whipped by supersonic
winds.
 NO. OF MOONS OF
EACH PLANET
MERCURY 0
Satellite orbits a planet; these VENUS 0
objects are also called "moons". EARTH 1
MARS 2
JUPITER 67
SATURN 62
URANUS 27
NEPTUNE 13
asteroid is a relatively small,
rocky/metallic object usually
orbiting a star.

Found throughout the solar

system but mostly lie in the
ASTEROID BELT.
 FUN FACTS
1 a star tells people its age.
The COLOR and the SIZE of

A star is any massive self- The NEAREST STAR on Earth

2 is PROXIMA CENTAURI
luminious celestial body of
Stars do not really twinkle,
gas that shines by radiation
3 they just appear to twinkle
derived from its internal when seen from the surface
energy sources. of Earth due to atmospheric
refraction.
TYPES OF
comets are frozen leftovers
from the formation of the
solar system.
Composed of dust, rock,
and ices.
They range from a few
miles top tens of miles
wide
Galaxy is a Large Island of
stars, few hundred million
to over a trillion star.
Spiral galaxies are twisted
collections of stars and gas
that often have beautiful
shapes and are made up of
hot young stars.
Elliptical galaxies have an
even, ellipsoidal shape.
They typically contain a
much greater proportion of
older stars than spiral
galaxies do.
An irregular galaxy is a
galaxy that does not have a
distinct regular shape
A galaxy having a central
bulge surrounded by a
flattened disk with no
pattern of spiral arms.
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