MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Status of Solid Waste Management Program in San Isidro, Iguig,

Cagayan: A Basis for Strengthening Program

A Research Paper Presented to the College of Nursing Faculty of

Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines, Alimanao Hills,

Peñablanca Cagayan.

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the

Degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Dato-on, Bon Harvey T.

Quilang, Franchesca

Alunday, Jeberlyn

Baduyen, Sunshine

S.Y. 2020-2021
 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title  
PAGE      
Title page ---------------------------------------------------------i
Acknowledgement ---------------------------------------------------ii
Dedication -------------------------------------------------------iii
Approval Sheet ----------------------------------------------------iv
List of tables   ---------------------------------------------------v
Abstract ----------------------------------------------------------vi

Chapter I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction -------------------------------------------------------9
Conceptual Framework-----------------------------------------------11
Research Paradigm -------------------------------------------------12
Statement of the Problem ------------------------------------------13
Research Hypothesis -----------------------------------------------14
Scope and delimitation of the study -------------------------------14
Significance of the Study -----------------------------------------15
Definition of terms -----------------------------------------------16
 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Chapter II: REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 

Review of Related Literature -----------------------------------18-29

Chapter III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design ---------------------------------------------------30
Respondents of the Study ------------------------------------------30
Data Gathering Tool -----------------------------------------------31
Data Gathering Procedure ------------------------------------------32
Data Analysis -----------------------------------------------------32

Chapter IV: PRESENTATIONS, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 

Presentation, Interpretation and Analysis of data -----------------34

Chapter V: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings -----------------------------------------------48
Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------49
Recommendation ----------------------------------------------------50

Reference----------------------------------------------------------52

APPENDICES
Communication Letter
Informed Consent
Questionnaire
Curriculum Vitae
 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We the researchers would like to express their profound gratitude

to the people behind the success of this research for their

contribution in making this study entitled “Status of Solid Waste

Management Program in San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan: A Basis for

Strengthening Program”.

To our beloved families and friends who became their inspiration in

doing this research, for their unending support may it be financially

and morally as well as their words of encouragement.

To our respondents of this research for their time in answering the

questionnaire, their feedbacks which served as a big help.

To our validators of this study, for their constructive criticisms,

numerous suggestions and just evaluations which led to the improvement

of the questionnaire.

To our panellists during the final defence for the significant

suggestions on the improvement of this study.

Finally, the Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines, for molding

the researchers toward true excellence.

THE RESEARCHERS

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DEDICATION
This hard laboured piece of work is genuinely dedicated to

Our Heavenly Father, for His greater glory,

To our dearly loved Parents and Siblings,

To our adored Friends,

To our Clinical Instructors,

And to the Future Researchers.

You are the persons, who served as our inspiration and motivation,

And who bestowed upon us the reasons why this research study was

spearheaded heartily.

To all of you, we humbly devote this modest research work.

THE RESEARCHERS

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of

Science in Nursing, this research entitled, "Status of Solid Waste

Management Program in San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan: A Basis for

Strengthening Program”, was prepared and submitted by Dato-on, Bon

Harvey T., Quilang, Franchesca, Alunday, Jeberlyn, and Baduyen,

Sunshine, has been examined and was hereby recommended for acceptance

of approval.

 WENDY MAE G. LAPUZ, LPT GEORGESON PANGILINAN, RN, MSN

School Statistician       Research Adviser

Approved by the tribunal at the oral examination and accepted as

a full compliance on the Degree of Bachelor of science in Nursing with
a rating of ____________.

ENG. MYKE M. ALBERT TEJADA RYAN A. FONTANILLA, RN, MSN, LPT

    Panelist Panelist

 
Accepted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Nursing.

LOUISE V. CABLING, RN, MSN

Dean, College of Nursing

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

LIST OF TABLES
Table
1.1 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in

terms Age ---------------------------------------------------------33

1.2 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in

terms of Sex ------------------------------------------------------34

1.3 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in

terms of Civil Status----------------------------------------------34

1.4 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in

terms of Highest Educational Attainment ---------------------------35

1.5 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in

terms of Socio-economic Status-------------------------------------35

2.1 Mean Assessment of the Extent of Implementation of the Respondents

in terms of Segregation-----------------------------36-37

2.2 Mean Assessment of the Extent of Implementation of the Respondents

in terms of Reduction ------------------------------------------38-39

2.3 Mean Assessment of the Extent of Implementation of the Respondents

in terms of Reuse -----------------------------------------------40-41

2.4 Mean Assessment of the Extent of Implementation of the Respondents

in terms of Recycle----------------------------------------------42-43

2.5 Mean Assessment of the Extent of Implementation the Respondents in

terms of Disposa ------------------------------------------------44-45

3.1 Test of Difference between the extents of implementation of the

respondents on the SWMP to their Profile Variables –46

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

ABSTRACT

Today's massive increase in garbage is turning into a major issue for

the entire world. It has a significant impact on the environment and

peoples' lifestyles, particularly their health. A vast variety of

things that improve the comfort and ease of our lives are purchased

and discarded by people all over the world. Due to the severe harm

done to the community, the outcomes were not always beneficial. Both

local and global communities are struggling with these issues. This

study was conducted to establish an understanding of the perception

and practices among the residents of Barangay San Isidro, Iguig,

Cagayan. The respondents of the study were selected among the

residents and barangay officials of the entire Barangay using the

convenient sampling method. This includes ninety-nine (99) respondents

of the Barangay San Isidro. The researchers used descriptive-

quantitative survey method in the study. B majority of respondents

were between the ages of 48 and above; more women than men were

respondents with a civil status of marriage; the majority had

completed elementary school as their highest level of education; and

the majority made less than PHP 9,520 per month. The respondents are

aware that San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan has started a solid waste

management program. When it comes to trash segregation and disposal,

the residents of the barangay are consistently engaged participants in

SWM. Sometimes locals are aware of recycling and reusing practices.

The results show, however, that barangay residents do not usually

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reduce their waste or do not comprehend the benefits of reduction. A

test of significance correlating the extent of implementation of the

solid waste management program when grouped according profile variable

yielded to no statistically significant difference when group

according to highest educational attainment and socioeconomic status.

However, there is a significant difference in the age profile under

segregation, sex profile under recycling, and civil status under

segregation.

Keywords: Solid Waste Management Program, Extent of Implementation,

Age, Sex, Civil status, Highest educational attainment, Socio-economic

status, Segregation, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Disposal

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Today's massive increase in garbage is turning into a major issue

for the entire world. It has a significant impact on the environment

and peoples' lifestyles, particularly their health. A vast variety of

things that improve the comfort and ease of our lives are purchased

and discarded by people all over the world. Due to the severe harm

done to the community, the outcomes were not always beneficial. Both

local and global communities are struggling with these issues.

With the expansion of industrialisation and globalization, nations

experience development. The question of whether this expansion is

sustainable has arisen as a result. The terms "sustainable

development" and "sound environmental development" have gained

popularity in international development agendas. Solid waste

management is viewed as a necessary step for sound environmental

development by environmental and development professionals.

Development is dependent on environmental protection, claims the World

Conversation Strategy (WCS) (Adams, 2009, p.275). For sound

environmental development, sustainable utilization of natural

resources and services is crucial.

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Therefore, the high consumption habit of humans, which is growing

at the same time as economic progress, has put a lot of strain on the

environment. Public awareness of sustainable development, which takes

into account the natural world of human consumption, has increased as

a result of this issue. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable

development, development practitioners, policymakers, and

international organizations understand that human society, its

progress, and the environment must coexist peacefully.

Recent development operations in Barangay San Isidro, Iguig,

Cagayan, have posed a number of environmental challenges. For the

barangay's citizens, waste is a major problem. In order to maintain

the progress, a well-developed waste management system is required to

successfully solve this difficulty.

This study's purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of the

barangay's solid waste management program in compliance with ESWMP or

RA 9003. Understanding proper waste management is a must for effective

waste management. One of the many barangays in the Philippines dealing

with similar issues is Barangay San Isidro, Iguig, in the province of

Cagayan. Barangay leaders and locals are continually developing their

capacity to oversee and preserve their surroundings' cleanliness.

This study was conducted to establish an understanding of the

perception among the residents of Barangay San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan

on how they interact for the sustainable development of their waste.

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This study also assessed and investigate on how waste management

practices can contribute for the improvements of their surroundings

and determine the cleaning maintenance consistency.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

An important framework for evaluating waste management systems is

the Waste Management Theory (WMT) of Pongracz (2002). It is founded

on the following propositions: waste management is to prevent waste

causing harm to human health and the environment; the primary aim of

waste management is the conservation of resources; waste can be

prevented by creating useful products that non-waste primarily; and

the role of waste management is to turn waste into non-waste. In

short, the main priority of Waste Management Theory is the prevention

of waste creation and its principal goal is conservation of resources.

This theory or concept, as applied to our study explains why it

is important for the community people to improve and strengthen their

implementation of solid waste management program in terms of

segregation, reuse, reduce, recycle and disposal for sustainable

development.

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RESEARCH PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Profile of the  Conduct of

respondents Survey
Questionnaire
• Respondent’s
and key Proposed solid waste
current practices
informant management plan
on managing
interview
solid wastes
 Analysis and
evaluation of
collected data

Feedback

Figure 1.

The paradigm clearly shows that the central concern of the study

is the Solid Waste Management for Sustainable Development in Barangay

San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan. The conceptual model of the study followed

the Input-Process- Output (IPO) format which consists of three (3)

frames; the first frame shows the inputs of the study which are the

information gathered from profile of the respondents and their current

practices in managing solid wastes, the second frame presents the

process of how the data in terms of solid waste in the barangay will

be evaluated. Comprehensive data gathering using survey questionnaire,

analysis and evaluation of collected data in solid waste management

and the third frame presents the output output of the study, which is

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the proposed solid waste management implementation, which will in turn

to produce and improved solid waste management or for Sustainable

Development in Barangay San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan, and the last frame

is the feedback mechanism which give the provision of the study on

making continual improvement.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study aims to determine the extent of

implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Program in accordance

with RA 9003 in Barangay San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan.

Specifically, the study sought to answer the following problems:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age

1.2. Sex

1.3. Civil status

1.4. Highest educational attainment

1.5. Socio-economic status

2. What is the extent of the implementation of the solid waste

management program?

2.1. Segregation

2.2. Reduction

2.3. Reuse

2.4. Recycle
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2.5. Disposal

3. Is there a significant difference on the assessment of the

respondents on the extent of the implementation of the solid

waste management program?

4. What plan of action can be proposed to enhance and strengthen

the implementation of the solid waste management program?

Null Hypotheses

This study is guided with the following null hypotheses:

1. There is no significant difference on the assessment of the

respondents on the extent of implementation of the solid waste

management program.

2. There is no significant difference on the extent of implementation

of the solid waste management program when grouped according to the

respondent’s profile variables.

Scope and Delimitation

The primary goal of the study is to assess the level of the Solid

Waste Management (SWM) Program's implementation in Barangay San

Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan. Ninety-nine (99) members of the barangay's

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community served as survey respondents. The study used a convenient

sampling technique.

Significance of the Study

The beneficiaries of these study are the following:

To the residents of the Barangay. In order to preserve the

preservation of the environment and public health, this study will

motivate the people of Barangay San Isidro to manage their own solid

waste and correctly separate recyclable, non-recyclable, and

biodegradable materials.

To the barangay officials. The barangay officials can developed

broaden ideas in mitigating improper waste management.

To the town of Iguig. Iguig residents can adopt the barangay's solid

waste management techniques for sustainable development, and other

barangays can adopt similar practices as a model for good waste

management.

To the researchers. The results would also benefit the researchers a

lot, particularly in their field of study.

To future researchers. This study can be possible for future

researchers to formulate innovations in improving their potential and

skills in the field of research.

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Definition of Terms

For a better understanding of the study, the following terms are

operationally defined to how they are being use in study.

Awareness. This term refers to the level of consciousness of the

respondents on Solid Waste Management (SWM) practices.

Disposal. This refers to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling,

leaking or placing of any solid waste into or in any land or disposal

site.

Implementation. This term refers to the extent of execution of the

respondents on Solid Waste Management (SWM) practices or the intensity

of application in the vicinity.

Practices. The term refers to the categories of Solid Waste Management

(SWM) Practices such as segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle, and

disposal.

Policy Makers. The persons who are in authority and manage the

community. They are the one who produced rules, regulations, and

policy to maintain cleanliness.

Recycle. This term refers to the rescue of the resources that were

used to make another new product

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Reduce. The term refers to the bringing down of the amount of trash

disposed by consciously buying items that generate a lot of trash.

Reuse. This term refers to the process of recovering materials

intended for the same or different purpose without the alteration of

physical and chemical characteristics.

Segregation. This term refers to sorting of different materials found

in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources

and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal.

Solid Waste Management Practices- this refers to the discipline

associated with the control of generation, storage, collection,

transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes.

Waste. It is something that has no value, something which is useless

and to be discarded. It is unwanted by the person who throws it out.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter is an excerpt and citations from related literature

studies that provided the theoretical frameworks of the study.

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003)

Republic Act 9003 is an act providing for an ecological solid

waste management program by creating the necessary institutional

mechanisms and incentives, declaring certain acts prohibited and

providing penalties, appropriating funds, and for other purposes.

The implementation of R.A. 9003—the Solid Waste Management Act of

2001—provided the necessary framework and institutional mechanisms for

the proper treatment of waste and waste disposal. The law sets the

appropriate guidelines for waste minimization and the introduction of

proper treatment measures (i.e. segregation, transport, collection,

disposal, and recycling procedures), enhanced through the promotion of

national research and development programs. As provided in the law,

together with the creation of the National Solid Waste Management

Commission, is the creation of the Local Government Solid Waste

Management Plan, which is strategically and geographically enforced in

the local government units (LGUs) for the implementation of safe and

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sanitary management plans for solid waste treatment in the respective

areas.

On Implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Program

Magante (2013) in the study entitled, “The Disaster of Non-Compliance

to Solid Waste Management Act in the Philippines” put emphasis that

the reason of Republic Act or RA 9003 is beyond question. The

enactment of the law manifested the responsiveness of the Philippine

Government to emerging environmental concerns of waste reduction and

disposal. To ensure the effective implementation of RA 9003, the

necessary institutional mechanisms were created such as the National

Solid Waste Management Commission, and the Solid Waste Management

Boards in the LGUs. But more than the establishments of new

bureaucratic machineries, which cost the government huge resources,

the purpose and intents of all these seem to remain on the drawing

board. As indicated by Aquino, et al. (2013) in the study, “Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act: Environmental Protection Through Proper

Solid Waste Practices”, waste mismanagement has serious environmental

effects making the passage of the Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 a landmark environmental

legislation in the Philippines. The law was crafted in response to the

looming garbage problems in the country. RA 9003 declares the policy

of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive and ecological

solid waste management program that ensures the protection of public

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health and the environment and the proper segregation, collection,

transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the

formulation and adoption of best environmental practices. Abocejo and

Vivar (2015) in the study, “Village-Extent Solid Waste Management in

Lahug, Cebu City, Philippines” examined the ordinances and

implementation enforced by the local government unit (LGU) and the

status of practices and compliance the residents in the barangay make

regarding solid waste management. This paper concluded that solid

waste management in Barangay Lahug implements solid waste management

through enforcing Cebu City Ordinance No. 2031 known as Solid Waste

Segregation. Canete, et al. (2013) in the study entitled “Policy

implementation of the Republic Act (RA) No. 9003 in the Philippines: A

Case study of Cebu City” explored the implementation process,

innovative actions taken by the Cebu City Government in implementing

the national mandate at local extent and identifies the factors that

influence the policy implementation. The findings suggest that the

impacts of the national mandate can be achieved if the LGUs have the

high degree of political commitment, planning and development of

effective local strategies in a collaborative manner to meet with

local conditions, partnership building with other stakeholders,

capacity development, adequate financing and incentives, and in the

close monitoring and evaluation of performance. Ragma and Rulloda

(2017) in the study entitled “Implementation of the Solid Waste

Management Ordinance” found out that there is a moderate

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implementation. Also, it revealed that collection and transportation

of waste came out to be the most implemented among the given

indicators.

PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS

Age

It is an individual's development measured in terms of the years

requisite for like development of an average individual. In the recent

study of Struk, Michal & Soukopová, Jana. (2016) results suggest that

young people tend to performs best in both aspects, while people aged

50-79 seem to both generate most residual waste per capita and

separate the least. 

Sex

Identity of an individual that are distinguish as male or female.

According to R. Mehra et al. 1996 in the most households (88%), women

were responsible for separating waste.

Civil status

Civil status is the distinct options that describe a person's

relationship with a significant other.

Highest educational attainment

Education is used to instill knowledge, change attitude and develop

skills to transform communities in management of resources including

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waste management. Salequzzaman et al. 2001 argued that education is

critical for promoting sustainable development and improving the

capacity of people to address environment and development issues.

Socio-economic status

It is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a

person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic

access to resources and social position in relation to others.

According to Lakioti, En & Moustakas, Konstantinos & Komilis,

Dimitriοs & Domopoulou, Asimina & Karayannis, Vayos. (2017) the

influence of socio-economic status on both the quantity and

composition of municipal solid waste in designing an effective SWM

plan has long been recognized, and the importance of reliable

information has been highlighted. Various socio-economic factors

influence the recycling behavior and the willingness to pay for the

introduction of recycling actions into SWM services. Decision-making

in specifying realistic policy objectives and operational measures and

alternatives to find appropriate solutions to SWM problems is

crucial. 

LEVEL OF THE EXTENT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

PROGRAM AS TO:

Waste Characterization and Segregation

The solid waste generated within the area of jurisdiction shall

be characterized for initial source reduction and recycling element of

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the local waste management plan (Section 17, Article 1). A separate

container is required for each type of waste for on-site collection

properly marked as “compostable”, “non-recyclable”, “recyclable” or

“special waste” (Section 22, Article 2). Waste segregation shall

primarily be conducted at the source including household, commercial,

industrial and agricultural sources (Section 21, Article 2).

In coordination with the LGUs, it shall be responsible for the

establishment of the guidelines for the accurate characterization of

wastes including determination of whether or not wastes will be

compatible with containment features and other wastes, and whether or

not wastes are required to be managed as hazardous wastes under R.A.

6969, otherwise known as the Toxic Substances and Hazardous and

Nuclear Waste Control Act (Section 19).

Source Reduction

This refers to the methods by which the LGUs can reduce a

sufficient amount of solid waste disposed within five (5) years. LGUs

are expected to divert at least 25% of all solid waste from waste

disposal facilities through re-use, recycling and composting

activities. The rate of waste diversion is set to increase every three

(3) years (Section 20, Article 1).

The source reduction component shall include a program and

implementation schedule which shows the methods by which the LGU 21

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will, in combination with the recycling and composting components,

reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed of in accordance

with the diversion requirements of Section 20.

The source reduction component shall describe the following:

strategies in reducing the volume of solid waste generated at source;

measures for implementing such strategies and the resources necessary

to carry out such activities; other appropriate waste reduction

technologies that may also be considered, provided that such

technologies conform with the standards set pursuant to this Act; the

types of wastes to be reduced pursuant to Section 15 of this Act; the

methods that the LGU will use to determine the categories of solid

wastes to be diverted from disposal at a disposal facility through re-

use, recycling and composting; and new facilities and of expansion of

existing facilities which will be needed to implement re-use,

recycling and composting.

Moreover, the LGU source reduction component shall include the

evaluation and identification of rate structures and fees for the

purpose of reducing the amount of waste generated, and other source

reduction strategies, including but not limited to programs and

economic incentives, to reduce and use of non-recyclable materials,

replace disposable materials and products with reusable materials and

products, reduce packaging, and increase the efficiency of the use of

paper, cardboard, glass, metal, and other materials (Section 17).

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Recycling Program

The recycling component shall include a program and

implementation schedule which shows the methods by which the LGU

shall, in combination with the source reduction and composting

components, reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed. The

LGU recycling component shall describe the following: The types of

materials to be recycled under the programs; The methods for

determining the categories of solid wastes to be diverted from

disposal at a disposal facility through recycling; and new facilities

and expansion of existing facilities needed to implement the recycling

component. (Section 17, Article 1)

LGUs are mandated to establish Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

in each barangay or cluster of barangays designed to receive, sort,

process and store compostable and recyclable materials efficiently.

The residual wastes shall then be transferred to a long-term storage

or disposal facility or sanitary landfill (Section 32, Article 4). All

solid waste disposal facilities or sites in the country shall be

published by the Department of Natural Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR) (Section 3, Article 2). In addition, Materials

recovery facilities shall be designed to receive, sort, process, and

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store compostable and recyclable material efficiently and in an

environmentally sound manner. The facility shall address the following

considerations: The building and/or land layout and equipment must be

designed to accommodate efficient and safe materials processing,

movement, and storage; and the building must be designed to allow

efficient and safe external access and to accommodate internal flow

(Section 33). Moreover, on Section 32, there shall be a Materials

Recovery Facility (MRF) in every barangay or cluster of barangays. The

facility shall be established in a barangay-owned or leased land or

any suitable open space to be determined by the barangay through its

Sanggunian. For this purpose, the barangay or cluster of barangays

shall allocate a certain parcel of land for the MRF. The determination

of site and actual establishment of the facility shall likewise be

subject to the guidelines and criteria set pursuant to this Act. The

MRF shall receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation,

composting, and recycling. The resulting residual wastes shall be

transferred to a long-term storage or disposal facility or sanitary

landfill.

The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), in cooperation with

other concerned agencies is directed to publish an inventory of

existing markets for recyclable materials, product standards for

recyclable and recycled materials, and a proposal to stimulate demand

for the production of recycled materials and products (Section 26,

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Article 4). Moreover, a coding system for packaging materials and

products to facilitate waste recycling and re-use is expected from DTI

(Section 27, Article 4). Non-environmentally acceptable products shall

be allowed within one (1) year after public notice as alternatives

available to consumers but at cost not exceeding ten (10) percent of

the disposable product. The use of non-environmentally acceptable

packaging is strictly prohibited by the Act (Section 29. Article 4).

The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), in cooperation with other

concerned agencies is directed to publish an inventory of existing

markets for recyclable materials, product standards for recyclable and

recycled materials, and a proposal to stimulate demand for the

production of recycled materials and products (Section 26, Article 4).

Moreover, a coding system for packaging materials and products to

facilitate waste recycling and re-use is expected from DTI (Section

27, Article 4). Non-environmentally acceptable products shall be

allowed within one (1) year after public notice as alternatives

available to consumers but at cost not exceeding ten (10) percent of

the disposable product. The use of non-environmentally acceptable

packaging is strictly prohibited by the Act (Section 29. Article 4).

Waste Management Disposal

The prohibition against the use of open dumps for solid waste, no

open dumps shall be established and operated nor any practice or

disposal of solid waste by any person including LGUs. Every LGU shall

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convert its open dumps into controlled dumps, in accordance with the

guidelines. As an alternative, sanitary landfill sites should be

developed and operated as a final disposal site for solid and

eventually, residual wastes of a municipality or city or a cluster of

municipalities and/or cities (Section 37, Article 6). In Section 42,

the minimum criteria for the siting of sanitary landfills are the

following: The site selected must be consistent with the overall land

use plan of the LGU; The site must be accessible from major roadways

or thoroughfares; The site should have an adequate quantity of earth

cover material that is easily handled and compacted; The site must be

chosen with regard for the sensitivities of the community's residents;

The size must be located in an area where the landfill’s operation

will not detrimentally affect environmentally sensitive resources such

as aquifer, groundwater reservoir or watershed area; The site should

be large enough to accommodate the community’s wastes for a period of

five (5) years during which people must internalize the value of

environmentally sound and sustainable solid waste disposal; The site

chosen should facilitate developing a landfill that will satisfy

budgetary constraints, including site development, operation for many

years, closure, post-closure care and possible remediation costs;

Operating plans must include provisions for coordinating with

recycling and resource recovery projects; and designation of a

separate containment area for household hazardous wastes.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Collection and Transport of Solid Wastes

The geographic subdivisions are taken into account in the

coverage of the solid waste collection area in every barangay ensuring

100% collection efficiency within 24 hours from all sources. The plan

shall define and identify specific strategies and activities taking

into account the availability and provision of properly designed

containers in selected collection points while awaiting collection and

transfer, segregation of different types of waste, hauling and

transfer of solid waste from collection points to final disposal

sites, issuance and enforcement of ordinances for effective

implementation, and provision of properly trained officers and workers

(Section 17, Article 1).

Composting

The composting component shall include a program and

implementation schedule which shows the methods by which the LGU

shall, in combination with the source reduction and recycling

components, reduce a sufficient amount of solid waste disposed of

within its jurisdiction to comply. (Section 17, Article 1)

Moreover, the DA shall publish an inventory of existing markets

and demands for composts that is updated annually. Provided, that the

composting of agricultural wastes, and other compostable materials,

including but not limited to garden wastes, shall be encouraged

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

(Section 34, Article 5). These composts products intended for

commercial distribution should conform to the standards set by the DA

for organic fertilizers (Section 35, Article 5).

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, population and local of

the study, respondents, research instrument, and data analysis.

Research Design

The descriptive quantitative survey method of research was used

for the study. Since the primary goal of the study is to identify,

describe, and evaluate the degree of implementation of the Solid Waste

Management (SWM) Program and its relationship to their profile and

practices in managing solid waste in accordance with RA 9003 in the

Barangay of San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan, this methodology was used.

Respondents of the study

The respondents of the study were selected among the residents and

barangay officials of the entire Barangay using the convenient

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

sampling method, in which allows researchers to form a sample of a

subgroup that is of great interest to the study. This includes ninety-

nine (99) respondents of the Barangay San Isidro.

Data Gathering Tool

The study utilized survey questionnaire as the main tool in

gathering data. The researchers adapted and modified the questionnaire

from the study of Comighud, S. & Lalamonan, E. (2020) using the 5-

point Likert scale below:

Scale Mean Range Descriptive Interpretation

5 4.20-5.00 Always

4 3.40-4.19 Often

3 2.60-3.39 Sometimes

2 1.80-2.59 Rarely

1 1.00-1.79 Almost Never

The said instrument was a structured questionnaire checklist,

which was drawn out based on the ESWMP or RA 9003. The questionnaire

was composed of two parts:

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Part I aimed to gather personal information of the respondents

based on the selected variables such as age, sex, civil status,

highest educational attainment, and socio-economic status.

Part II determines the extent of implementation of Solid Waste

Management (SWM) Program along segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle,

and disposal.

Data Gathering Procedure

Upon gathering the primary data, the researcher made a letter of

approval for the dissemination of the questionnaire and it was signed

by the adviser, researcher coordinator, Dean, community coordinator,

director of research office, Vice President for Academic Affair. The

letter was passed to the head office of the school for approval. Upon

approval, the questionnaire were distributed to 99 respondents from

the San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan. Participants were given time to

respond as the survey will be conducted online, and the next day, the

researchers was able to collect the survey questionnaires. To

guarantee 100% retrieval and to locate and collect the responses to

the questions outlined in the study's goals, the researchers

individually handed the questionnaires to the respondents. The data

was tallied by the researchers as soon as it was gathered.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Data analysis

The collected data was summarized using frequency counts and

percentage distributions, mean, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey analysis.

Different statistical tools were used to quantify all problems, such

as frequency and percentage for the description of the respondents'

profile; mean for the extent of implementation of solid waste

management (SWM) practices according to respondent's profile

variables; and one-way ANOVA to determine the difference between the

respondents' assessment of the extent of implementation of the solid

waste management program when grouped according to their profile

variables. 

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

This chapter presents the data gathered in this study which have

been carefully presented, analysed, and interpreted. These data

gathered by the researchers to the community people of Barangay San

Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan.

Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution

Table 1.1 frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of

respondents in terms of age.

AGE Frequency Percent

18-23 4 4.0

24-29 13 13.1

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

30-35 8 8.1

36-41 18 18.2

42-47 14 14.1

48 and above 42 42.4

TOTAL 99 100.0

Table 1.1 shows the frequency count and percentage distribution of

the respondents in terms of age. Most respondents were aged 48 and up,

with a percentage of 42.4 (42), with 18- to 23-year-olds being the

youngest age group to respond. This implies that older people manage

their solid waste better than younger people. Further imply that older

people are aware of the implementation of the waste management

program.

Table 1.2 frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of

respondents in terms of sex.

SEX Frequency Percent

Male 39 39.4

Female 60 60.6

TOTAL 99 100.0

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Table 1.2 shows the frequency count and percentage distribution of

the respondents as to sex. Female respondent outnumbered the male

respondent with a percentage of 60.6 and 39.4 respectively. This

implies that women are more aware of the implementation of the waste

management program.

Table 1.3 frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of

respondents in terms of civil status.

CIVIL STATUS Frequency Percent

Single 12 12.1

Married 83 83.8

Legally Separated 2 2.0

Widowed 2 2.0

TOTAL 99 100.0

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

The frequency count and percentage distribution of the

respondents by civil status are shown in Table 1.3. Married people

made up the majority of respondents (83%) followed by single people

(12.1%), and legally separated and widowed respondents (2.0%). This

shows that married people manage their solid waste well because they

are the ones who used to stay at home and set an example for the

younger generation.

Table 1.4 frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of

respondents in terms of highest educational attainment.

HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Frequency Percent

Did not finish elementary 23 23.2

Elementary graduate 45 45.5

High school graduate 24 24.2

College graduate 5 5.1

Post graduate 2 2.0

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

TOTAL 99 100.0

Table 1.4 shows the frequency count and percentage distribution of

the respondents as to their highest educational attainment. Most of

the respondents were elementary graduates as to their highest

educational attainment, with a percentage of 45.5. This indicated

that, according to the researcher's method of data collection via

convenient sampling, respondents who are elementary school graduates

responded. 

Table 1.5 frequency and percentage distribution of the profile of

respondents in terms of family monthly income.

Family Monthly Income Frequency Percent

Less than PHP 9,520 94 94.9

Between PHP 9,520 to PHP

3 3.0
19,040

Between PHP 19,041 to PHP

2 2.0
38,080

TOTAL 99 100.0

Table 1.5 shows the frequency count and percentage distribution of

the respondents according to their socio-economic status. Most of the

respondents (94.9%) earned less than PHP 9,520 per month, 3.0% earned

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

between PHP 9,520 and PHP 19,040 per month, and 2.0% earned between

PHP 19,041 and PHP 38,080 per month. This indicates that knowing about

the implementation of the waste management program, it does not depend

on your financial situation.

TABLE 2.1 MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF

SEGREGATION

STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Segregation practice is evident

3.77 OFTEN
in the Barangay.

2. Waste is segregated into at least

two types (biodegradable & non- 3.97 OFTEN

biodegradable)

3. Receptacle for special waste is

4.22 ALWAYS
necessary wherever applicable.

4. No unmanaged waste receptacles

4.57 ALWAYS
outside the households.

5. Material Recovery Facility (MRF)

4.65 ALWAYS
is available.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 4.23 ALWAYS

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Table 2.1 shows the extent of implementation of the Solid Waste

Management Program in terms of the respondent’s practices in terms of

"segregation," and it has a categorical mean of 4.23 with a

descriptive interpretation of "always."

The highest mean with a score of 4.65, indicates that the

respondents are always aware with the availability of MRF in the

barangay. On the contrary, the evident of segregation practice in the

barangay which has the lowest mean with a score of 3.77 and it

indicate as often practice.

This implies that the community members in the barangay are always

active regarding public participation, focusing on how SWM in terms of

segregation of waste, how it is implemented and how it should continue

to promote growing awareness and practices among the general public.

TABLE 2.2. MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF

REDUCTION

STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Avoidance of use of plastics in the 2.11 RARELY

Barangay.

2. No more plastics used as secondary 2.02 RARELY

packaging material.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

3. Most foods are packed using 2.00 RARELY

biodegradable materials.

4. Orient barangay vendors on plastic 2.00 RARELY

avoidance policy.

5. Implement community 2.12 RARELY

ordinance/policy on plastic avoidance

in the barangay.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 2.05 RARELY

Table 2.2 shows the extent of implementation of Solid Waste

Management Program of the respondent’s practices in terms of

“reduction” and it has a categorical mean of 2.05 with a descriptive

value of RARELY.

The highest mean with a score of 2.12 indicates that respondents

are rarely practicing reducing their waste as to the implementation of

community ordnance/policy in the barangay. In opposition, the evident

of using biodegradable material as food packaging and the awareness of

vendors in plastic avoidance got the lowest mean score of 2.00 and it

indicates as rarely practice.

This implies that in order to encourage environmental awareness and

action among the populace, a solid waste management (SWM) information

campaign is necessary, as is strengthening the integration of

environmental concerns in the community at all levels, with a focus in

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

particular on the theories and practices of waste management

principles like reducing waste (Comighud, Sheena Mae & Lalamonan,

Emerson. (2020)).

TABLE 2.3. MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF REUSE

STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Composting of biodegradable waste. 4.30 ALWAYS

2. Actual application of compost in 4.19 OFTEN

gardening.

3. Reuse used tires as decorative 2.53 RARELY

flower pots.

4. Use of compost products or soil 3.84 OFTEN

from the compost pit were used in the

garden.

5. Re-use practices are evident. 3.46 OFTEN

CATEGORICAL MEAN 3.66 OFTEN

Table 2.3 displays the degree to which the Solid Waste Management

Program has been implemented in terms of the respondent's reuse

habits. Its categorical mean of 3.66 describes it as often.

The highest mean with a score of 4.30, shows that respondents

practice in waste separation and composting of biodegradable waste are

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

evident in their barangay and it indicates as always practice. Thus,

it strengthens their compliance in the implementation of Solid Waste

Management Program. In opposition, reuse of used tires as decorative

flower pots got the lowest mean score of 2.53 and it indicates as

rarely practice.

This implies the need to increase their participation in SWM

practices in terms of reusing wastes. This is supported by the study

of Griffiths et al. (2010), which found that reusing saves the energy

and resources that would have been used to make a new product and

results in fewer products going into the trash and ending up in

landfills. When none of the three R's apply, responsible waste

disposal is required. 

TABLE 2.4. MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF

RECYCLE

STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Recover and recycle papers (paper 2.56 RARELY

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

bags, paper mache’s, decorations etc.)

2. Plastic waste turned into pillows 2.62 SOMETIMES

as one of the examples.

3. Drinking straws and popsicles 2.70 SOMETIMES

sticks made into tiny houses, baskets,

hat among others.

4. Products out of recyclable 3.35 SOMETIMES

materials show promise (profit,

utility, etc.).

5. Material Recovery Facility (MRF) is 4.48 ALWAYS

available.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 3.14 SOMETIMES

Table 2.4 shows the extent of implementation of the Solid Waste

Management Program in terms of the respondent’s practices in terms of

recycling with a categorical mean of 3.14 and described as sometimes.

The highest mean with a score of 4.48, shows that respondents are

aware of having an MRF in the barangay, this indicates as always

practice. In contrast, recover and recycle papers (paper bags, paper

Mache’s, decorations etc.) got the lowest mean score of 2.56, and it

indicates as rarely practice.

This implies that the community people in the barangay

participation in focusing on how SWMP is introduced in terms of

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

recycling, how it is implemented and how it should continue to promote

growing awareness and practices of the general public is occasionally.

This needs to increase their participation regarding SWM practices in

terms of recycling. This is supported by Madrigal and Oracion (2018)

by saying that though recycling is the most visible measurable and

enforceable environmental practice, educational institutions also must

engage in waste segregation, reduction and reuse as effective ways on

reducing the impact of environmental problem.

TABLE 2.5. MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF

DISPOSAL

STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

1. Proper disposal of special wastes. 4.34 ALWAYS

2. On site establishment of composting 4.25 ALWAYS

facilities for biodegradable wastes

(any of these: compost pit,

vermicompost, etc.)

3. Proper observance of collection 4.03 OFTEN

schedules for specific category of

segregated solid wastes.

4. Designate drop -off center/Material 4.29 ALWAYS

Recovery Facility (ideal, sturdy,

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

labelled).

5. Residual waste due for collection 4.36 ALWAYS

is inside sacks to facilitate

collection by the LGU, brought and

disposed in municipal landfill.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 4.26 ALWAYS

Table 2.5 shows the extent of implementation of Solid Waste

Management Program of the respondent’s practices in terms of”

disposal” showing a categorical mean of 3.14 with a descriptive value

of always.

The highest mean with a score of 4.36, shows that respondents are

practicing the collection of residual waste inside sacks to be

facilitated by the LGU to be brought and disposed in municipal

landfill. Although, in proper observance of collection schedules for

segregated solid wastes in the barangay received the lowest mean with

a score of 4.03, and it indicates as often practice. This implies the

need for continuation of growing awareness and practices by that of

the community people which in turn shall help strengthen the extent of

implementation of SWMP, ensuring active public participation to

accomplish desired results especially in proper waste disposal.

This is supported by the study of Abocejo and Vivar (2015) that

proper disposal of waste in the proper manner and place in order not
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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

to create serious problems to humans and threat to nature. Given the

context, education is vital to solid waste management program.

Educating people to waste management will help them understand of the

indiscriminate disposal of waste to the environment and empower them

to act accordingly (Madrigal & Oracion, 2018).

TABLE 3.1. TEST OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TO THEIR

PROFILE VARIABLES

VARIABLES SWM SWM SWM SWM SWM

PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE

(REDUCE) (REUSE) (RECYCLE) (DISPOSAL)

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

(SEGREGATI

ON)

f – value 2.606 2.150 1.442 .694 1.147

AGE p – value *.030 .066 .216 .629 .342

f – value .051 1.082 .062 4.627 1.765

SEX p – value .822 .301 .803 *.034 .187

f – value 3.961 1.320 2.347 .393 2.226

CIVIL
p – value *.010 .273 .078 .759 .090
STATUS

HIGHEST f – value 2.374 1.649 1.340 1.100 1.269

EDUCATIONAL
p – value .058 .169 .261 .361 .288
ATTAINMENT

SOCIO- f – value .984 .721 .087 2.134 .801

ECONOMIC
p – value .378 .489 .917 .124 .452
STATUS

As shown in table 3.1, there is a significant difference in the

degree to which the solid waste management program was implemented in

age under segregation with a p-value of (.030), sex under recycling

with a p-value of (.034), and civil status under segregation with a p-

value of (.010 is lower than the set alpha of 0.05 thus, the null

hypothesis is rejected. However, there was no statistically

significant difference in the degree of implementation of the solid

waste management program when group according to highest educational

attainment and socioeconomic status. The computed p- values are higher

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

than the set alpha of 0.05 thus, the null hypothesis is accepted.

This implies that the responses of the respondents do vary depending

on the profile characteristics used to evaluate the respondents'

socioeconomic status, age, sex, civil status, and highest educational

attainment.

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarizes the major findings, states the conclusion

and presents recommendations based on the results of the study.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Summary of Findings

The following are the major findings based on the analysis of

data gathered specified in the objectives of this study:

1. The majority of respondents were between the ages of 48 and

above; more women than men were respondents with a civil status

of marriage; the majority had completed elementary school as

their highest level of education; and the majority made less than

PHP 9,520 per month.

2. The respondents are aware that San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan has

started a solid waste management program. When it comes to trash

segregation and disposal, the residents of the barangay are

consistently engaged participants in SWM. Sometimes locals are

aware of recycling and reusing practices. The results show,

however, that barangay residents do not usually reduce their

waste or do not comprehend the benefits of reduction.

3. A test of significance correlating the extent of implementation

of the solid waste management program when grouped according

profile variable yielded to no statistically significant

difference when group according to highest educational attainment

and socioeconomic status. However, there is a significant

difference in the age profile under segregation, sex profile

under recycling, and civil status under segregation.

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CONCLUSION

On the bases of the foregoing findings of the study, the

researcher arrived at the following conclusions:

1. The majority of respondents are aware of correct waste

segregation and disposal, as evidenced by the study's findings,

even though some did not follow the ordinance, usually as a

result of how it was implemented.

2. Despite having a variety of methods for decreasing waste, the

grand mean of SWM practices in terms of waste reduction was

qualitatively classified as rarely practiced. Most of the

barangays lacked facilities, technologies, or systems for waste

reduction and recycling.

3. The respondents definitely frequently practice recycling and

reuse of SWM. The majority of respondents merely threw away items

they may have regarded as solid wastes that were no longer

useful.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In view of the foregoing findings and conclusions, the

researcher advances the following recommendations:

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

1. Barangay ordinance on Solid Waste Management should be revisited

and strengthen to upgrade and to include reduction, recycling,

and reuse measures which should be implemented under the

provision of RA 9003.

2. Barangay San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan should strengthen their SWM

for solid waste reduction and recycling systems so that the

community can generate various types of solid waste while also

having other equally important aspects to achieve a successful

solid waste management practice. 

3. Conduct intensive information drive on SWM for the barangay

officials as well as locals in which the researcher believed to

be one of the best ways to achieve proper SWM practice.

4. Barangay ordinances pertaining to SWM must be visible and

accessible to public vicinities by putting tarpaulin or using the

social networks.

5. Since most of the barangay are dependent on the garbage

collectors for their solid wastes’ disposal, it is recommended

that the barangay must monitor garbage trucks schedules, thus

facilitates a systematic collection of wastes and to avoid delay

of transport which may cause rotten smell and thriving insects on

the generated wastes which are threats to public health.

6. There should be a reward for the community with the cleanest and

best SWM practice in every zone, thereby promoting the said

barangay.
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7. Future researchers are encouraged to do the same study on the SWM

not only to the said barangay, but also for the SWM of each town

barangays.

REFERENCES

 Abocejo, F., and Vivar, P.C. (2015). Village-Extent Solid Waste

Management in Lahug, Cebu City, Philippines. Cebu Normal

University.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

 Ambayic, A. S. (2014). Household Practices on Solid Waste

Management. Undergraduate Thesis. Mindanao State University -

Maigo School of Arts and Trades

 Aquino, A., et al. (2013). Ecological Solid Waste Management Act:

Environmental Protection through Proper Solid Waste Practices.

Agricultural Science Policies and Technology Development.

 Comighud, Sheena Mae & Lalamonan, Emerson. (2020). Awareness and

Implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices. (PDF)

Awareness and Implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM)

Practices (researchgate.net)

 Iyer, Vijayan. (2017). Solid Waste Minimization Hierarchy of

Waste Management for Sustainable Development.

 Lakioti, En & Moustakas, Konstantinos & Komilis, Dimitriοs &

Domopoulou, Asimina & Karayannis, Vayos. (2017). Sustainable

Solid Waste Management: Socio-economic Considerations. Chemical

Engineering Transactions.

 Madrigal, D. and Oracion, E. (2018). Solid Waste Management

Awareness, Attitude, and Practices in a Philippine Catholic

Higher Education.

 Magante, G. L. M. 2013. The Disaster of Non-Compliance to Solid

Waste Management Act in the Philippines.

 Policy implementation of R.A. 9003: A case study on the

evaluation of solid waste management in Barangay Lahug. (n.d.).

54
 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

 Republic Act No. 9003. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

of 2000.

 Pongracz, Eva. “Re-defining the concepts of waste and waste

management Evolving the Theory of Waste Management”, Department

of Process and Environmental Engineering, University of Oulu

 R. Mehra (et al.) (1996). “Women in Waste Collection and

Recycling in Hochiminh City” Population and Environment: A

Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 18(2) November.

 Ragma, F. and Rulloda, E. (2017). Implementation of Solid Waste

Management Ordinance.

 Struk, Michal & Soukopová, Jana. (2016). Age Structure and

Municipal Waste Generation and Recycling – New Challenge for the

Circular Economy.

 Salequzzaman, M. D., and Laura, S. (2001). The context and

prospects for environment education and environmental

carriers in Bangladesh, International Journal of Sustainability

in Higher Education, 2, 104-126

 Vitharana, A. D. (2016, December 1). Solid waste management for

sustainable development: A study of solid waste management for

sound environmental development in Hambantota Municipal Council

(HMC) in Sri Lanka.

Questionnaire

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Part 1

Instruction: Please write your answer on the blank or check the box

that corresponds to your knowledge, beliefs, experiences, or

opinions regarding the statements. There is no right or wrong

answer. Your responses in this questionnaire will be kept

confidential. Thank you.

1. Profile (Head of the Family):

Name (Optional):_____________________________________________________

Name of the Barangay_________________________________________________

Date: ________________

1.1 Age:

 18-23

 24-29

 30-35

 36-41

 42-47

 47 above

1.2 Gender:

 Male

 Female

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

1.3 Civil Status:

 Single

 Married

 Legally Separated

 Widowed

1.4 Highest educational attainment:

 Did not finish elementary

 Elementary graduate

 High school graduate

 College graduate

 Post graduate

1.5 Socio-economic status:

Average monthly household net income.

 Less than PHP 9,520

 Between PHP 9,520 to PHP 19,040

 Between PHP 19,041 to PHP 38,080

 Between PHP 38, 081 to PHP 66,640

 Between PHP 66,040 to PHP 114, 240

 Between PHP 114,240 to PHP 190,400

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

 At least PHP 190,401

Part 2

Instruction: Please check the number that corresponds to the extent of

implementation in the following items. It is important that you

honestly answer each item. Please do not leave any item unchecked.

Rest assured that your individual information will be treated with

strict confidentiality. Please refer to the guide below in choosing

your option.

Code Interpretation

5 always

4 often

3 sometimes

2 rarely

1 almost never

a. SWM Practice (Segregation) 5 4 3 2 1

1. Segregation practice is

evident in the Barangay.

2. Waste is segregated into at

least two types (biodegradable

& non-biodegradable)

3. Receptacle for special

waste is necessary wherever

applicable.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

4. No unmanaged waste

receptacles outside the

households.

5. Material Recovery Facility

(MRF) is available.

b. SWM Practice (Reduce ) 5 4 3 2 1

1. Avoidance of use of

plastics in the Barangay.

2. No more plastics used as

secondary packaging material.

3. Most foods are packed using

biodegradable materials.

4. Orient barangay vendors on

plastic avoidance policy

5. Implement community

ordinance/policy on plastic

avoidance in the barangay.

c. SWM Practice (Reuse ) 5 4 3 2 1

1. Composting of biodegradable

waste.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

2. Actual application of

compost in gardening.

3. Reuse used tires as

decorative flower pots.

4. Use of compost products or

soil from the compost pit were

used in the garden.

5. Re-use practices are

evident.

d. SWM Practice (Recycle) 5 4 3 2 1

1. Recover and recycle papers

(pots, paper mache’s,

Christmas decorations, etc).

2. Plastic waste turned into

pillows as one of the

examples.

3. Drinking straws and

popsicle sticks made into tiny

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houses, baskets, hat and among

other decorative materials.

4. Products out of recyclable

materials show promise

(profit, utility, etc.).

5. Material Recovery Facility

(MRF) is available.

e. SWM Practice (Disposal ) 5 4 3 2 1

1. Proper disposal of special

wastes.

2. On site establishment of

composting facilities for

biodegradable wastes (any of

these: compost pit,

vermicompost, etc.)

3. Proper observance of

collection schedules for

specific category of

segregated solid wastes.

4. Designate drop -off center/

Material Recovery Facility

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(ideal, sturdy, and labelled).

5. Residual waste due for

collection is inside sacks to

facilitate collection by the

LGU, brought and disposed in

municipal landfill.

Comighud, Sheena Mae & Lalamonan, Emerson. (2020). Awareness and

Implementation of Solid Waste Management (SWM) Practices.

(researchgate.net)

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INFORMED CONSENT

We, Bon Harvey T. Dato-on, Franchesca Quilang, Jeberlyn Alunday, and Sunshine Baduyen is
currently undertaking a research study entitled, “Status of Solid Waste Management
Program in San Isidro, Iguig, Cagayan”. Determining the extent of implementation among
the community people and barangay officials of their practices and awareness in Solid Waste
Management Program. The results of this study will be a basis for strengthening the
implementation Solid Waste Management Program in the barangay.

Your participation will involve answering survey questions, which will take approximately 10
minutes of your time. Your participation in this study is voluntary, if you choose not to
participate or to withdraw from the study at any time; you can do so without penalty or loss of
benefit to yourself. The results of the research study may be published but your identity will
remain confidential and your name will not be disclosed to any outside party. In this research,
there are no foreseeable risks to you.

As a participant in this study, you should understand the following:

1. You may decline to participate or withdraw from participation at any time without
consequences.
2. Your identity will be kept confidential.
3. The researcher has thoroughly explained the parameters of the research study and all
of your questions and concerns have been addressed
4. You understand that the information from the recorded interview may be transcribed.
5. The researcher will structure a coding process to assure that anonymity of your name is
protected.
6. Data will be stored in a secured and locked area.
7. The research results will be used for publication.

By signing this form, you acknowledge that you understand the nature of the study, the
potential risks to you as a participant, and the means by which your identity will be kept
confidential. Your signature on this form also indicates that you are 18 years old or older and
that you give your permission to voluntarily serve as a participant in the study described.

Signature of Interviewee: _____________________ Date: ________________

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Frequency Count and Percentage

Table 1.1 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution in terms of Age

AGE Frequency Percent

18-23 4 4.0
24-29 13 13.1
30-35 8 8.1
36-41 18 18.2
42-47 14 14.1
47 above 42 42.4
TOTAL 99 100.0

Table 1.2 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution in terms of Sex

SEX Frequency Percent

Male 39 39.4
Female 60 60.6
TOTAL 99 100.0

Table 1.3 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution in terms of

Civil Status

CIVIL STATUS Frequency Percent

Single 12 12.1
Married 83 83.8
Legally Separated 2 2.0
Widowed 2 2.0
TOTAL 99 100.0

Table 1.4 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution in terms of

Highest Educational Attainment

HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Frequency Percent

Did not finish elementary 23 23.2
Elementary graduate 45 45.5
High school graduate 24 24.2
College graduate 5 5.1
Post graduate 2 2.0
TOTAL 99 100.0

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Table 1.5 Frequency Count and Percentage Distribution in terms of

Socio-economic Status

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS Frequency Percent

Less than PHP 9,520 94 94.9
Between PHP 9,520 to PHP 19,040 3 3.0
Between PHP 19,041 to PHP 38,080 2 2.0
TOTAL 99 100.0

MEAN
MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF SWM
PRACTICE (SEGREGATION)
STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION
6. Segregation practice is evident in 3.77 OFTEN
the Barangay.
7. Waste is segregated into at least 3.97 OFTEN
two types (biodegradable & non-
biodegradable)
8. Receptacle for special waste is 4.22 ALWAYS
necessary wherever applicable.
9. No unmanaged waste receptacles 4.57 ALWAYS
outside the households.
10. Material Recovery Facility 4.65 ALWAYS
(MRF) is available.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 4.23 ALWAYS

MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF SWM
PRACTICE (REDUCE)
STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION
1. Avoidance of use of plastics in the 2.11 RARELY

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Barangay.
2. No more plastics used as secondary 2.02 RARELY
packaging material.
3. Most foods are packed using 2.00 RARELY
biodegradable materials.
4. Orient barangay vendors on plastic 2.00 RARELY
avoidance policy.
5. Implement community ordinance/policy 2.12 RARELY
on plastic avoidance in the
barangay.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 2.05 RARELY

MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF SWM
PRACTICE (REUSE)
STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION
1. Composting of biodegradable waste. 4.30 ALWAYS
2. Actual application of compost in 4.19 OFTEN
gardening.
3. Reuse used tires as decorative 2.53 RARELY
flower pots.
4. Use of compost products or soil from 3.84 OFTEN
the compost pit were used in the
garden.
5. Re-use practices are evident. 3.46 OFTEN

CATEGORICAL MEAN 3.66 OFTEN

MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF SWM
PRACTICE (RECYCLE)
STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

1. Recover and recycle papers (paper 2.56 RARELY

bags, paper mache’s, decorations
etc.)
2. Plastic waste turned into pillows as 2.62 SOMETIMES
one of the examples.
3. Drinking straws and popsicle sticks 2.70 SOMETIMES
made into tiny houses, baskets, hat
among others.
4. Products out of recyclable materials 3.35 SOMETIMES
show promise (profit, utility,
etc.).
5. Material Recovery Facility (MRF) is 4.48 ALWAYS
available.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 3.14 SOMETIMES

MEAN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN TERMS OF SWM
PRACTICE (DISPOSAL)
STATEMENTS MEAN DESCRIPTION
1. Proper disposal of special wastes. 4.34 ALWAYS
2. On site establishment of composting 4.25 ALWAYS
facilities for biodegradable wastes
(any of these: compost pit,
vermicompost, etc.)
3. Proper observance of collection 4.03 OFTEN
schedules for specific category of
segregated solid wastes.
4. Designate drop -off center/Material 4.29 ALWAYS
Recovery Facility (ideal, sturdy,
labelled).
5. Residual waste due for collection is 4.36 ALWAYS
inside sacks to facilitate
collection by the LGU, brought and
disposed in municipal landfill.

CATEGORICAL MEAN 4.26 ALWAYS

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

One-way ANOVA

TEST OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPONDENTS’ ON THE EXTENT OF THE

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM TO THEIR PROFILE
VARIABLES

SWM PRACTICE SWM SWM SWM SWM

VARIABLES (SEGREGATION) PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE PRACTICE
(REDUCE (REUSE) (RECYCLE) (DISPOSAL)
f – 2.606 2.150 1.442 .694 1.147
AGE value
p – .030 .066 .216 .629 .342
value
f – .051 1.082 .062 4.627 1.765
SEX value
p – .822 .301 .803 .034 .187
value
f – 3.961 1.320 2.347 .393 2.226
CIVIL value
STATUS p – .010 .273 .078 .759 .090
value
f – 2.374 1.649 1.340 1.100 1.269
HIGHEST
value
EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT p – .058 .169 .261 .361 .288
value
f – .984 .721 .087 2.134 .801
SOCIO-
value
ECONOMIC
STATUS p – .378 .489 .917 .124 .452
value

Tukey Analysis

SEGREGATION
Tukey HSD
AGE N Subset for alpha = 0.05
1 2
18-23 4 3.1500
24-29 13 4.0308 4.0308
42-47 14 4.0857 4.0857
36-41 18 4.2111
30-35 8 4.4000
47 above 42 4.4286

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Sig. .070 .845

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 9.955.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes
is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

RECYCLE
N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Minimum Maximum
Deviation Error Interval for
Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Male 39 2.8513 .96105 .15389 2.5397 3.1628 1.20 5.00
Female 60 3.3300 1.15323 .14888 3.0321 3.6279 1.60 5.00
Total 99 3.1414 1.10185 .11074 2.9217 3.3612 1.20 5.00

SEGREGATION
Tukey HSD
CIVIL.STATUS N Subset for alpha = 0.05
1
Single 12 3.6167
Married 83 4.2916
Legally Separated 2 4.8000
Widowed 2 5.0000
Sig. .067
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 3.652.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes
is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

*NOTE:
A p-value less than 0.05 (typically ≤ 0.05) is statistically
significant.
A p-value higher than 0.05 (> 0.05) is not statistically significant
and indicates strong evidence for the null hypothesis.

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Bon Harvey T. Dato-on

Age: 23

Civil Status: Single

Date of Birth: November 30, 1999

Address: Jones, Isabela

Email Address: bondatoon.con@gmail.com

Elementary: Tuao Central Elementary School

Year Graduated: 2012

Awards Received: Top 10

Secondary: Lyceum of Tuao

Awards Received: N/A

Year Graduated: 2016

Senior High School: Lyceum of Tuao

Awards Received: Loyalty Award, Dancer of the Year

Year Graduated: 2018

Tertiary: Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines

Course: Bachelor of Science in Nursing

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Franchesca M. Quilang

Age: 22

Civil Status: Single

Date of Birth: April 20, 2000

Address: Annafunan East, Tugueagarao City

Email Address:quilangfranchesca.bsn@gmail.com

Elementary: Annafunan Elementary School.

Year Graduated: 2012

Awards Received: N/A

Secondary: Cagayan National Highschool

Awards Received: N/A

Year Graduated: 2016

Senior High School: International School of

Asia and the Pacific

Awards Received: N/A

Year Graduated: 2018

Tertiary: Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines

Course: Bachelor of Science in Nursing

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jeberlyn G. Alunday

Age: 21

Civil Status: Single

Date of Birth: August 3, 2000

Address: Poblacion, Balbalan, Kalinga

Email Address: jebelynalunday@gmail.com

Elementary: Balbalan Central School

Year Graduated: 2012

Awards Received: N/A

Secondary:

Saint Theresita’s High School of Salegseg Inc.

Awards Received: 4th Honor

Year Graduated: 2012

Senior High School:

Saint Theresita’s HighSchool of Salegseg Inc.

Awards Received: With Honors,

Loyalty Award,

Leadership award

Year Graduated: 2018

Tertiary: Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines

Course: Bachelor of Science in Nursing

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 MEDICAL COLLEGES OF NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Sunshine Apple Mae P. Baduyen

Age: 23

Civil Status: Single

Date of Birth: November 7, 1999

Address: Centro 3, Lasam, Cagayan

Email Address: sunshinebaduyen@gmail.com

Elementary: :Lasam Central School

Year Graduated: 2012

Awards Received: With honors

Secondary:

Western Cagayan School of Arts and Trades

Awards Received: N/A

Year Graduated: 2016

Senior High School:

Western Cagayan School of Arts and Trades

Awards Received: With Honors

Year Graduated: 2018

Tertiary: Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines

Course: Bachelor of Science in Nursing

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