STRUCTURAL

COMPUTATION & ANALYSIS

Project :
Location :
Owner :

Prepared By:

-
CIVIL ENGINEER
REG. NO.: VALIDITY:
PTR NO.: DATE:
TIN NO.: PLACE:
Design Criteria
National Structural Code 2010 (NSCP 2010)
I. Material Strength
1.00 Concrete
1.10 Footing 20.00 Mpa (2,895 psi)
1.20 Column 20.00 Mpa (2,895 psi)
1.30 Beams 20.00 Mpa (2,895 psi)
1.40 Suspended Slab 20.00 Mpa (2,895 psi)
1.50 Slab on Grade 17.00 Mpa (2460 psi)

2.00 Reinforcing Bars

2.10 For 16 mm bars and larger 235.00 Mpa (33,000 psi)
2.20 For 12 mm bars and larger 235.00 Mpa (33,000 psi)

3.00 Structural Steel

3.10 Light Gauge Section 245.00 Mpa (35,500 psi)
3.20 Other Section 248.00 Mpa (35,900 psi)
3.30 Welding Electrode 414.00 Mpa (60,000 psi)

4.00 Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity 100.00 kpa 2000 PSF

II. Design Load

1.00 Dead Load
1.10 Steel 76.8 KN / cu. M (490 pcf)
1.20 Concrete 24.00 KN / cu. M (150 pcf)
1.30 Floor Finish 0.77 KPa (16.08 psf)
1.40 Ceiling 0.24 KPa (5.49 psf)
1.50 100mm CHB, plastered 2.1 KPa
1.60 150mm CHB, plastered 2.18 KPa

2.00 Live Load

2.10 Residential 2.00 KPa (41.77 psf)
2.20 Roof 1.00 Kpa (20.89 psf)

3.00 Wind Load

3.10 Design Presuure qz = (47.3 x 10^-6) KzKzt(V^2)Iw
3.20 Occupancy Category Standard Occupancy
3.30 Exposure Category Exposure B
3.40 Wind Zone Zone II
3.50 Wind Velocity 200 kph

4.00 Earthquake Load

4.10 Occupancy Category Standard Occupancy
4.20 Seismic Zone Zone 4
4.30 Seismic Source Type Type A
4.40 Soil Profile Type SC
4.50 Structural System SMRF
Design for Purlins
fy = 245.00 Mpa
fa = 147.00 Mpa Max Spacing of Purlins = 0.60 m
Es = 206,842.77 Mpa Center to Center Length = 1.95 m
Section to Try: Max Unsupported Length = 1.87 m
Try: 1 set of = 2 inches (b) x 4 inches (d) x 1.2 mm Thick C- Purlins
Result Below: Safe - Check for Allowable Deflection and Deflection is Acceptable - Use Section
Dead Load + Live Load Combination Loads Tributary Width
65%of Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.16 KPa x 0.60 m = 0.11 KN /m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.20 x DL 0.20 KPa x 0.60 m = 0.14 KN /m
Roof Live Load 1.60 x LL 1.00 KPa x 0.60 m = 0.96 KN /m
Total W 1.216 KN /m
Check Wind Load Combination:
Wind Load, P
P = Ce*Cq*Qs*I
Ce = 0.76 Exposure B at 9 meter height
Cq = 0.30 Table 2.3-B Pressure Coefficient 416
I = 1.0 for Importance Factor of Residential Buildings 78
Qs = 2.0 Kpa for Wind Speed of 200 kph (Signal No. 4) 25
P = 0.76 * 0.3 * 2.0 * 1.0 = 0.456 Kpa
Wind Load + Dead Load + Live Load Combination Loads Tributary Width
65%of Ceiling 1.05 x DL 0.16 KPa x 0.60 m = 0.10 KN /m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.05 x DL 0.20 KPa x 0.60 m = 0.13 KN /m
Wind Load 1.28 x DL 0.46 KPa x 0.60 m = 0.35 KN /m
Roof Live Load 1.28 x LL 1.00 KPa x 0.60 m = 0.77 KN /m
Total W 1.338 KN /m
Wind Load Combination governs, use W = 1.3381 KN /m
Mu = W (L^2) = 1.34 KN/m x 3.51 m^2 = 0.59 KN-m
8.00 8.00
Req'd Section Modulus Sx = Mu / fa = 3,995.16 mm^3
Try: 1 set of = 2 inches (b) x 4 inches (d) x 1.2 mm Thick C- Purlins
Convert to mm: b (mm) = 50.8 x d (mm)= 101.6 x 1.2 mm Thick C- Purlins
Moment of Inertia at Neutral Axis, In
In = 1 (bh^3) = 50.8 x 101.6 ^3 - 49.6 x 99.2 ^3
12 12 12
In = 404877.1 mm^4
Sa = In 2" 404877.1 = 7970.021 mm^3
c 50.8
Actual Section Modulus Sa = 7,970.02 > Req'd Section Modulus Sx = 3,995.16
Therefore: Safe - Check for Allowable Deflection
Check if Actual Deflection is < or = Allowable Deflection:
Allowable Deflection = L / 240 = 1950 /240 = 8.13 mm
Actual Deflection = (5 x W x L^4) / (384 x E x In)
= 5 x 0.814 x 1950 ^4 = 1.83 mm
384 x 206842.773 x 404877.1
Check: (Actual Deflection = 1.83 mm) < or = (Allowable Deflection = 8.13 mm)
Therefore: Deflection is Acceptable - Use Section
Therefore use: 1 set 2 inches x 4 inches x 1.2 mm Thick C- Purlins
Design for Trusses
Tributary Width (TW) or Truss Spacing = 2.00 m Web Spacing = 1m
Assumptions:
Say half truss
Supported at end to end at maximum of (b) 8m
Solve for Slope of Roof:
Rise of = 0.9 m for Run of = 8m
Maximum Slope of 11.25% or Rise of 0.90 m per 8m run
fy = 245.00 Mpa
Allowable stress fa: fa = 0.6fy = 0.6 x 245.00 Mpa = 147.00 Mpa Quick
Try Angle Bar: Result
Top Chord: 1 pcs. 2 inch x 2 inch x 1/4 inch Thick = Safe
Bottom Chord: 1 pcs. 2 inch x 2 inch x 1/4 inch Thick = Safe
Web Section: 1 pcs. 1.5 inch x 1.5 inch x 3/16 inch Thick = Safe
- Midspan of Unsupported Length has maximum tension @ bottom chord and compression at top chord
- Maximum Tension and Compression Solved @ Midspan or at b/2 from both ends
- Pin connected truss
- Assumed Condition is more severe than Actual Condition therefore design is conservative

Dead Load + Live Load Combination Loads Tributary Width

65% of Ceiling 1.40 x DL 0.16 KPa x 2.00 m = 0.44 KN /m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.40 x DL 0.20 KPa x 2.00 m = 0.56 KN
Roof Live Load 1.70 x LL 1.00 KPa x 2.00 m = 3.40 KN /m
Total W 4.397 KN /m

Check Wind Load Combination:

Wind Load, P
P = Ce*Cq*Qs*I
Ce = 0.76 Exposure B at 9 meter height
Cq = 0.30 Table 2.3-B Pressure Coefficient
I = 1.0 for Importance Factor of Residential Buildings
Qs = 2 Kpa for Wind Speed of 200 kph (Signal No. 4)
P = 0.76 * 0.3 * 2 * 1.0 = 0.456 Kpa
Tributary Width
65% of Ceiling 1.05 x DL 0.16 KPa x 2.00 m = 0.33 KN /m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.05 x DL 0.20 KPa x 2.00 m = 0.42 KN /m
Wind Load 1.28 x DL 0.46 KPa x 2.00 m = 1.16 KN /m
Roof Live Load 1.28 x LL 1.00 KPa x 2.00 m = 2.55 KN /m
Total W 4.460 KN /m
Wind Load Combination governs, use W = 4.4604 KN /m

Assume PL = PR
↑+∑Fy = 0  
0 = PR + PL - 35.683 = 2RL - 35.683
PR = 17.84 KN

Solve for θ: tan θ = 0.1125

θ= 6.42 degrees
 Solve for θw :
opposite (web member spacings) = 1m
adjacent = 0.45 m
tan θw = 2.22
θw = 65.77 degrees

Solve for Bottom Chord:

@+∑M1 = 0
0= -35.6832 -TBC* 0.45 + 71.37
TBC = 79.30 KN

TBC = Areq'd*fs
Asreq'd = TBC = 79,296 N
fa 147.00 Mpa
Asreq'd = 539 sq. mm
Try Angle Bar: 1 pcs. 2 inch x 2 inch x 1/4 inch Thick
Convert to mm: 1 pcs. 50.8 mm x 50.8 mm x 6 mm Thick
Area of Angle Bar: 573.6 sq. mm > Asreq'd = 539.4286 sq. mm Therefore: Safe
Use Angle Bar: 2 pcs. 2 inch x 2 inch x 1/4 inch Thick

Solve Web Section:

@+∑M3 = 0
0= 35.68 - Cw* 0.185 -Cw* 3.647684
Cw = 9.31 KN
Cw = Asreq'd*fs
Asreq'd = Cw = 9,311 N
fa 147.00 Mpa
Asreq'd = 63.34 sq. mm

Try Angle Bar: 1 pcs. 1.5 inch x 1.5 inch x 1/5 inch Thick
Convert to mm: 1 pcs. 38.1 mm x 38.1 mm x 4.5 mm
Area of Angle Bar: 322.65 sq. mm > Asreq'd = 63.34049 sq. mm Therefore: Safe
Use Angle Bar: 1 pcs. 1.5 inch x 1.5 inch x 3/16 inch Thick

Solve for Top Chord:

@+∑M2 = 0
0= (35.68) + 71 + -3.820925 - CTC* 0.447179
CTC = 71.25 KN
TBC = Areq'd*fs
Asreq'd = CTC = 71,252 N
fa 147.00 Mpa
Asreq'd = 484.7055 sq. mm

Try Angle Bar: 1 pcs. 2 inch x 2 inch x 1/4 inch Thick

Convert to mm: 1 pcs. 50.8 mm x 50.8 mm x 6 mm
Area of Angle Bar: 573.6 sq. mm > Asreq'd = 484.7055 sq. mm Therefore: Safe
Use Angle Bar: 1 pcs. 2 inch x 2 inch x 1/4 inch Thick
RB - 1 at both ends Beam length (L) = 3.90 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm d' = Cc + t DLI 48.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 300.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 252.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups ba 1.00 Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 30.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 16.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 16.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 3.65 m = 1.05 KN /m
Wall on Top of Beam 1.20 x DL 2.70 KPa x 0.30 m = 0.97 KN /m
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.06 sq.m = 1.73 KN /m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.20 x DL 0.20 KPa x 3.65 m = 0.88 KN
Roof Live Load 1.60 x LL 1.00 KPa x 3.65 m = 5.84 KN /m
Total W 10.47 KN /m
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = W (L^2) = 10.47 KN/m x 15.21 m^2 = 13.27 KN-m
12.00 12.00
β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: pcs. Reinforcements
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As16mm = 201.06 1.49 pcs. 16mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 300.26 As12mm = 314.16 0.96 pcs. 20mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 2.00 pcs. 16mm
@ both ends
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 68.57 < Mu = 13.27
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.03 Mu2 = (55.30) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 1,670.15 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.03 a= As1*fy = 115.44 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 135.81 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 387.94 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (1,281.68) sq. mm
Mumax = 68.57 0.9*fy*(d-d')

if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 68.57 > Mu = 13.27 f's = 387.94 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (1,281.68) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 387.94 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 1.16 A's = As2*fy = (776.40) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (1,281.68) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0051 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = 388.48 sq. mm 1.93 pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (1,281.68) sq. mm (6.37) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0051 > Therefore: Use 2.00 pcs. 16mm
0.0051 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule:
0.0051 > ρmin = 0.005 ok Top: 2.00 pcs. 16mm Tension bars and 2 pcs. 12mm
Use: ρ= 0.0060 Bottom: pcs. 16mm Compression bars
@ Both Ends
RB - 1 at midspan Beam length (L) = 2.87 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 48.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 300.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 252.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 30.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 16.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 16.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 2.51 m = 0.72 KN /m
Wall on Top of Beam 1.20 x DL 2.70 KPa x 2.15 m = 6.97 KN /m
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.06 sq.m = 1.73 KN /m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.20 x DL 0.20 KPa x 3.65 m = 0.88 KN
Roof Live Load 1.60 x LL 1.00 KPa x 3.65 m = 5.84 KN /m
Total W 16.13 KN /m
Mu at At Midspan
Mu = W (L^2) = 16.13 KN/m x 8.24 m^2 = 11.07 KN-m
12.00 12.00

β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: pcs. Reinforcements
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As16mm = 201.06 1.49 pcs. 16mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 300.26 As12mm = 314.16 0.96 pcs. 12mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 2.00 pcs. 16mm

Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced

Mumax = 68.57 < Mu = 11.07
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.03 Mu2 = (57.49) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 1,670.15 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.03 a= As1*fy = 115.44 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 135.81 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 387.94 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (1,332.51) sq. mm
Mumax = 68.57 0.9*fy*(d-d')

if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 68.57 > Mu = 11.07 f's = 387.94 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (1,332.51) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 387.94 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 0.97 A's = As2*fy = (807.20) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (1,332.51) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0042 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = 337.64 sq. mm 1.68 pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (1,332.51) sq. mm (6.63) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0042 > Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
0.004 > ρmin = 0.006 - Final Schedule:
0.004 > ρmin = 0.005 - Top: pcs. 16mm Tension bars
Use: ρ= 0.0060 Bottom: 2.00 pcs. 16mm Compression bars
@ Midspan
@ midspan
RCB1 at support Beam length (L) = 0.90
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 =
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 400.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 =
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00
Cc = 30.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 16.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 16.00
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 2.00
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 3.40 m
Finished Flooring 1.20 x DL 0.77 KPa x 3.40 m
Floor Slab Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.68 sq.m
Wall on Top of Beam 1.20 x DL 2.70 KPa x 2.70 m
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.16 sq.m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.20 x DL 0.20 KPa x 3.40 m
Roof Live Load 1.60 x LL 1.00 KPa x 3.40 m
Total
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = W (L^2) = 43.32 KN/m x 0.81 m^2
2.00 2.00
Mu due to wall and beam weight = FL/2 = 11.15 + 5.88 No Wall
Wall Beam
β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As:
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As16mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 419.40 As12mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 3.00
@ both ends
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 133.78 < Mu =
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.03 Mu2 = (116.24) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 2,332.91
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.03 a= As1*fy
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 189.70 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d')
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6
Mumax = 133.78 0.9*fy*(d-d')

if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 133.78 > Mu = 28.70 f's = 383.34 > fy
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's =
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 383.34 < fy
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 1.29 A's = As2*fy
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (1,938.58)
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0057 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = 394.33
Check Compression A's = (1,938.58)
ρ= 0.0057 > Therefore: Use
0.0057 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule:
0.0057 > ρmin = 0.005 ok Top: 3
Use: ρ= 0.0060 Bottom:
@ Both Ends
 m
Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 68.50 mm
*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 352.00 mm
mm spacing between main bars

mm (compression main bar Ø)

layer (compression)

Distributed Load
= 0.98 KN /m
= 3.14 KN /m
= 19.58 KN /m
= 8.75 KN /m
= 4.61 KN /m
= 0.82 KN
= 5.44 KN /m
W 43.32 KN /m

= 17.54 KN-m

11.15 KN-m

pcs. Reinforcements
= 201.06 2.09 pcs. 16mm
= 314.16 1.34 pcs. 20mm
pcs. 16mm

17.54

not applicable

sq.mm

= 161.25 mm

= 383.34 Mpa

= (1,938.58) sq. mm

= 235.00 1.00
If True, use: A's = (1,938.58) sq. mm Ok
= 235.00 -

= (1,188.41) sq. mm

sq. mm

pcs. Reinforcements
sq. mm 1.96 pcs. 16mm
sq. mm (9.64) pcs. 16mm
pcs. 16mm

pcs. 20mm Tension bars

pcs. 16mm Compression bars
B-1 at both ends Beam length (L) = 3.90 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 68.50 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 400.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 352.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 30.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 16.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 16.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 2.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 2.00 m = 0.58 KN /m -
Finished Flooring 1.20 x DL 0.77 KPa x 2.00 m = 1.85 KN /m -
Floor Slab Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.18 sq.m = 5.18 KN /m -
Wall on Top of Beam 1.20 x DL 2.10 KPa x 2.70 m = 6.80 KN /m -
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.16 sq.m = 4.61 KN /m -
Live Load 1.60 x LL 2.00 KPa x 2.00 m = 6.40 KN /m -
Total W 25.42 KN /m
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = W (L^2) = 25.42 KN/m x 15.21 m^2 = 32.22 KN-m
12.00 12.00

β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: pcs. Reinforcements
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As16mm = 201.06 2.25 pcs. 16mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 452.92 As20mm = 314.16 1.44 pcs. 20mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 3.00 pcs. 16mm
Top bars @ Both Ends
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 133.78 < Mu = 32.22
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.03 Mu2 = (101.56) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 2,332.91 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.03 a= As1*fy = 161.25 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 189.70 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 383.34 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (1,693.81) sq. mm
Mumax = 133.78 0.9*fy*(d-d')

if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 133.78 > Mu = 32.22 f's = 383.34 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (1,693.81) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 383.34 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 1.44 A's = As2*fy = (1,038.35) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (1,693.81) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0064 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = 639.10 sq. mm 3.18 pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (1,693.81) sq. mm (8.42) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0064 > Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
0.01 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule:
0.01 > ρmin = 0.005 ok Top: 3.00 pcs. 16mm Tension bars
Use: ρ= 0.0064 Bottom: pcs. 16mm Compression bars
@ both ends
B - 1 at midspan Beam length (L) = 3.90 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 48.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 400.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 331.50 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 30.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 16.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 16.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 2.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 2.00 m = 0.58 KN /m
Finished Flooring 1.20 x DL 0.77 KPa x 2.00 m = 1.85 KN /m
Floor Slab Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.18 sq.m = 5.18 KN /m
Wall on Top of Beam 1.20 x DL 2.10 KPa x 2.70 m = 6.80 KN /m
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.16 sq.m = 4.61 KN /m
Live Load 1.60 x LL 2.00 KPa x 2.00 m = 6.40 KN /m
Total W 25.42 KN /m
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = W (L^2) = 25.42 KN/m x 15.21 m^2 = 32.22 KN-m
12.00 12.00

β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: pcs. Reinforcements
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As16mm = 201.06 2.41 pcs. 16mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 483.96 As12mm = 314.16 1.54 pcs. 20mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 2.00 pcs. 20mm
Bottom bars @ Midspan
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 118.65 < Mu = 32.22
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.03 Mu2 = (86.43) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 2,197.05 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.03 a= As1*fy = 151.85 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 178.65 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 438.79 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (1,441.50) sq. mm
Mumax = 118.65 0.9*fy*(d-d')

if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 118.65 > Mu = 32.22 f's = 438.79 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (1,441.50) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 438.79 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 1.63 A's = As2*fy = (772.01) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (1,441.50) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0073 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = 755.55 sq. mm 3.76 pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (1,441.50) sq. mm (7.17) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0073 > Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
0.007 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule:
0.007 > ρmin = 0.005 ok Top: pcs. 16mm Tension bars
Use: ρ= 0.0073 Bottom: 2.00 pcs. 16mm Compression bars
@ midspan
CB1 at support Beam length (L) = 0.90 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 68.50 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 400.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 352.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 30.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 16.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 16.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 2.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 3.40 m = 0.98 KN /m
Finished Flooring 1.20 x DL 0.77 KPa x 3.40 m = 3.14 KN /m
Floor Slab Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.68 sq.m = 19.58 KN /m
Wall on Top of Beam 1.20 x DL 2.70 KPa x 2.70 m = 8.75 KN /m
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.16 sq.m = 4.61 KN /m
Metal Roof & Frame 1.20 x DL 0.20 KPa x 3.40 m = 0.82 KN
Roof Live Load 1.60 x LL 1.00 KPa x 3.40 m = 5.44 KN /m
Total W 43.32 KN /m
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = W (L^2) = 43.32 KN/m x 0.81 m^2 = 17.54 KN-m
2.00 2.00
Mu due to wall and beam weight = FL/2 = 11.15 + 5.88 No Wall 11.15 KN-m
Wall Beam
β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: pcs. Reinforcements
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As16mm = 201.06 2.09 pcs. 16mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 419.40 As12mm = 314.16 1.34 pcs. 20mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 3 pcs. 16mm
@ both ends
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 133.78 < Mu = 17.54
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.03 Mu2 = (116.24) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 2,332.91 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.03 a= As1*fy = 161.25 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 189.70 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 383.34 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (1,938.58) sq. mm
Mumax = 133.78 0.9*fy*(d-d')

if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 133.78 > Mu = 28.70 f's = 383.34 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (1,938.58) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 383.34 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 1.29 A's = As2*fy = (1,188.41) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (1,938.58) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0057 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = 394.33 sq. mm 1.96 pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (1,938.58) sq. mm (9.64) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0057 > Therefore: Use 3.00 pcs. 16mm
0.0057 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule:
0.0057 > ρmin = 0.005 ok Top: 3 pcs. 20mm Tension bars
Use: ρ= 0.0060 Bottom: pcs. 16mm Compression bars
@ Both Ends
TB at both ends Beam length (L) = 3.70 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 48.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 300.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 231.50 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 30.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 16.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 16.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 2.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.06 sq.m = 1.73 KN /m
Total W 1.73 KN /m
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = W (L^2) = 1.73 KN/m x 13.69 m^2 = 1.97 KN-m
12.00 12.00

β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: pcs. Reinforcements
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As16mm = 201.06 1.37 pcs. 16mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 275.83 As20mm = 314.16 0.88 pcs. 20mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 2.00 pcs. 16mm
Top bars @ Both Ends
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 57.86 < Mu = 1.97
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.03 Mu2 = (55.89) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 1,534.29 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.03 a= As1*fy = 106.05 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 124.76 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 369.16 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (1,440.16) sq. mm
Mumax = 57.86 0.9*fy*(d-d')

if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 57.86 > Mu = 1.97 f's = 369.16 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (1,440.16) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 369.16 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 0.20 A's = As2*fy = (916.79) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (1,440.16) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0009 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = 94.13 sq. mm 0.47 pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (1,440.16) sq. mm (7.16) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0009 > Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
0.00 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule:
0.00 > ρmin = 0.005 ok Top: 2.00 pcs. 16mm Tension bars
Use: ρ= 0.0060 Bottom: pcs. 16mm Compression bars
@ both ends
C1 - F1
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm Number of Floors 2.00
fy= 235.00 Mpa h= 400.00 mm
16.00 mm Rebar
Tributary Area: 9.15 sq. m
Length: 3.10 m
Width: 2.95 m
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Area / Cu. M Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 18.29 sq. m = 5.27 KN
Finished Flooring 1.20 x DL 0.77 KPa x 9.15 sq. m = 8.45 KN
Floor Slab Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.91 cu. M = 26.34 KN
Wall on Top of Beam 1.20 x DL 2.70 KPa x 16.90 sq. m = 54.74 KN
Beam Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.97 cu. M = 27.88 KN
Column Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.48 cu. M = 13.82 KN
Metal Roof & Frame 1.20 x DL 0.20 Kpa x 9.15 sq. m = 2.19 KN
Live Load 1.60 x LL 2.00 KPa x 9.15 sq. m = 29.26 KN
Roof Live Load 1.60 x LL 1.00 KPa x 9.15 sq. m = 14.63 KN
Total Pu 182.59 KN
Ag = 182.59 KN
5.40 Mpa Reduction Factor, R
Req'd Ag = 33,812.61 sq.mm R = 1.07 - 0.008 h'/r R<1 or R=1
Use: 200.00 x 400.00 h' = effective height
Ag actual = 80,000.00 > 33,812.61 Req'd Ag Ok! h' = 4.30 m
r = 0.30 x dimension in the direction of stability
Ast = 0.01*Ag Area steel r= 0.06 m
Ast = 0.01* 200.00 * 400.00 r= 0.12 m
Ast= 800 sq. mm R= 0.50 (along 200.00 mm)
3.98 pcs. 16mm diameter bars 1.07 (along 400.00 mm)
Use: 6.00 pcs. - 16mm φ Rebar Use R = 0.50 smallest r

Check: Actual Column Capacity:

Assume: Pload = Pu = Pt = 182.59 KN Pa = Pc * R = 288.55 KN
(Pa = 288.55 ) > (Pload = 182.59 KN)
Therefore:
Short Column Capacity: Safe - Check for Allowable Deflection
Pc = 0.85 Ag * (0.25 f'c + ρ*fy)
Using: Ag = 80,000.00 sq. mm Spacing of Ties:
Ast = 1,206.37 sq. mm a.) 16 x main bar diameter = 256.00 mm
ρ= Ast = 0.02 b.) 48 x tie diameter = 480.00 mm
Ag c.) Least Dimension of Colu = 250.00 mm
Pc = 0.85 Ag * (0.25 f'c + ρ*fy)
Pc = 580,972.52 N Therefore:
Pc = 580.97 KN (Column Capacity)
Use: 6.00 pcs. - 16mm φ Rebar
Use: 200.00 x 400.00 mm.
F-1
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 200.00 mm γsoil = 15.60 KN/cu.m
fy= 235.00 Mpa h= 400.00 mm γconcrete = 23.50 KN / cu. M
Column Load: Use 16.00 mm Footing Rebar
Pu load = 182.59 KN 1.2 115.58 Dead Load
unfactored P = 143.01 KN 1.6 27.44 Live Load
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity, qa = 120.00 Kpa
Solve for Steel Area: along b= 200.00
Initial estimate: d= 114.51 mm X Direction
Aftg = L^2 = Pload / qa = 1.19 sq.m Mu = φ*Ru*b*d*d
L= 1.09 m Mu = qu*L*[(L-b)^2]/2
Thickness D = 213.51 mm Mu= 18.98 KN-m
Burial H = 1,200.00 mm Ru = 1.34 MPa
Effective Soil Bearing Capacity: Solve for ρ:
qe = qa - ∑γh ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
qe = 99.59 Kpa fy (1.68)
Dimension of Footing ρ= 0.0060
Aftg = Unfactored Load / qe = 1.44 sqm ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.0060
Aftg = LxL = 1.44 sqm ρmin = sqrt (f'c) = 0.0048
L= 1.20 m 4*fy
Say use: 1.20 x 1.20 m footing Check
Y Direction X Direction ρ= 0.0060 >
Solve for thickness of Footing: ρmin = > 0.0060 ok
qu = factored load = 182.59 KN ρmin = > 0.0048 ok
Area of Footing 1.44 sq. m Use: ρ= 0.0060
qu = 127.15 Kpa As = ρbd = ρLd 817.455615 sq. mm
qu = 0.13 Mpa quNET = 0.13 Mpa 4.07 16.00 mm Rebar
Check for wide-beam shear: 5.00 16.00 mm Rebar
Vu = qu*Ashaded Solve for Steel Area: along h= 400.00
qu = 0.13 d= 114.51 mm Y Direction
Ashaded = 1,198.31 *( 499.16 -d) Mu = φ*Ru*b*d*d
Ashaded2 = 1,198.31 *( 399.16 -d) Mu = qu*L*[(L-b)^2]/2
φVc = 0.85*(1/6) [sqrt (f'c)] * bw * d = 759.20 d Mu= 12.14 KN-m
Vu = 76,056.97 - 152.37 d Ru = 0.86 MPa
Vu = 60,819.90 - 152.37 d Solve for ρ:
Vu = φVc ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
d= 83.44 mm fy
d= 66.72 mm ρ= 0.0037
Check for two - way punching shear: ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.0060
Vu = qu*Ashaded ρmin = sqrt (f'c) = 0.0048
Vu = 0.13 [ 1,435,958 - ( 4*fy
200.00 + d)*( 400.00 +d)] Check
φVc = 0.85*(1/3)*[sqrt (f'c)] * [2*(b+d)+2*(h+d)]*d = ρ= 0.0037 >
d= 84.66 mm 84.66 ρmin = > 0.0060 -
Vu < φVc Check Vu < or = φVc ρmin = > 0.0048 ok
165,045.84 165,045.84 Use: ρ= 0.0060
Minimum Depth d from ρmin = 114.51 mm 84.66 As = ρbd = ρLd 817.46 sq. mm 4.07
Therefore, use greatest d, use d = 114.51 mm 5.00 pcs. 16mm
Thickness D = d + Concrete Cover + 1.5 (diameter of Reinforcement) Therefore use:
D= 213.51 5.00 pcs. mm diameter Both Ways
Therefore Use Thickness D = 213.51 mm Size: 1.20 x 1.20 m
Use d= 114.51 mm > 84.66 ok 213.51 mm thick
S - 1 at both ends Short Slab / Beam length (S) = 4.50 m
Long Slab / Beam length (L) = 5.00 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 100.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 65.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.40 x DL 0.24 KPa x 1.00 m = 0.34 KN /m
Finished Flooring 1.40 x DL 0.77 KPa x 1.00 m = 1.08 KN /m
Floor Slab Weight 1.40 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.10 sq.m = 3.36 KN /m
Wall 4" Superimposed on Slab 1.40 x DL 2.10 KPa x 2.70 m = 7.94 KN /m
Live Load 1.70 x LL 2.00 KPa x 1.00 m = 3.40 KN /m
Total W 16.11 KN /m
m= S = 0.90 < 0.5 One -way slab
L
S - 1 at both ends Beam length (L) = 4.50 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 100.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 65.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = W (L^2) = 16.11 KN/m x 20.25 m^2 = 32.63 KN-m
10.00 10.00
Mu = 32.63 KN-m
β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: Spacing
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As10mm = 78.54 Err:502 mm Spacing if 10mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = Err:502 As12mm = 113.10 Err:502 mm Spacing if 12mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 150.00 mm Spacing 10mm diameter both ways
Top Bars
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 22.81 < Mu = 32.63
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.033 Check minimum Mu2 = (22.81) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 ok As1 = ρmax*b*d = 2,153.97 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 ok Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.033 a= As1*fy = 29.78 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 35.03 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 0.51 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (3,594.80) sq. mm
Mumax = 22.81 0.9*fy*(d-d')
if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 22.81 > Mu = 32.63 f's = 0.51 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (3,594.80) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 0.51 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 8.58 A's = As2*fy = (1,647,318.13) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (3,594.80) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= Err:502 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = Err:502 sq. mm Err:502 pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (3,594.80) sq. mm (45.77) pcs. 16mm
ρ= Err:502 > Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
Err:502 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule: @ both ends
Err:502 > ρmin = 0.005 ok
Use: ρ= Err:502 Therefore: Use 150.00 mm Spacing 12mm diameter both ways
Top Bars
S - 1 at Midspan Short Slab / Beam length (S) = 4.50 m
Long Slab / Beam length (L) = 5.00 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 100.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 65.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.40 x DL 0.24 KPa x 1.00 m = 0.34 KN /m
Finished Flooring 1.40 x DL 0.77 KPa x 1.00 m = 1.08 KN /m
Floor Slab Weight 1.40 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.10 sq.m = 3.36 KN /m
Wall 4" Superimposed on Slab 1.40 x DL 1.49 KPa x 2.70 m = 5.63 KN /m
Live Load 1.70 x LL 2.00 KPa x 1.00 m = 3.40 KN /m
Total W 13.81 KN /m
m= S = 0.90 <0.5 One -way slab
L
S - 1 at Midspan Beam length (L) = 4.50 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 100.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 65.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Mu at At Midspan
Mu = W (L^2) = 13.81 KN/m x 20.25 m^2 = 27.96 KN-m
10.00 10.00
Mu = 27.96 KN-m
β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: Spacing
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As10mm = 78.54 26.41 mm Spacing if 10mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 2,974.39 As12mm = 113.10 38.02 mm Spacing if 12mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 150.00 mm Spacing 10mm diameter both ways
Bottom Bars
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 22.81 < Mu = 27.96
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.033 Check minimum Mu2 = (22.81) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 ok As1 = ρmax*b*d = 2,153.97 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 ok Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.033 a= As1*fy = 29.78 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 35.03 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 0.51 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (3,594.80) sq. mm
Mumax = 22.81 0.9*fy*(d-d')
if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 22.81 > Mu = 27.96 f's = 0.51 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (3,594.80) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 0.51 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 7.35 A's = As2*fy = (1,647,318.13) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (3,594.80) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0458 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = (620.41) sq. mm (7.90) pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (3,594.80) sq. mm (45.77) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0458 > Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
0.0458 > ρmin = 0.006 - Final Schedule: @ both ends
0.0458 > ρmin = 0.005 ok
Use: ρ= 0.0458 Therefore: Use 150.00 mm Spacing 10mm diameter both ways
Bottom Bars
S-2
Moment Coefficient for Two-Way Slabs (ACI - Method 2)
Moments Short Span Long span
m = 1.0 m = 0.9 m = 0.8 m = 0.7 m = 0.6 m = 0.5 & less all m values
Case 1 - Inferior Panels
Negative Moment at- Continuous Edge 0.033 0.040 0.048 0.055 0.063 0.083 0.033
Discontinuous Ege - - - - - - -
Positive Moment at - Midspan 0.025 0.030 0.036 0.041 0.041 0.062 0.025
Case 2 - One edge Discontinuous
Negative Moment at- Continuous Edge 0.041 0.048 0.055 0.062 0.062 0.085 0.041
Discontinuous Ege 0.021 0.024 0.027 0.031 0.031 0.042 0.021
Positive Moment at - Midspan 0.031 0.036 0.041 0.047 0.047 0.064 0.031
Case 3 - Two edges Discontinuous
Negative Moment at- Continuous Edge 0.049 0.057 0.064 0.071 0.071 0.090 0.049
Discontinuous Ege 0.025 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.036 0.045 0.025
Positive Moment at - Midspan 0.037 0.043 0.048 0.054 0.054 0.068 0.037
Case 4 - Three edges Discontinuous
Negative Moment at- Continuous Edge 0.058 0.066 0.074 0.082 0.082 0.098 0.058
Discontinuous Ege 0.029 0.033 0.037 0.041 0.041 0.049 0.029
Positive Moment at - Midspan 0.044 0.050 0.056 0.062 0.062 0.074 0.044
Case 5 - Four edges Discontinuous
Negative Moment at- Continuous Edge - - - - - - -
Discontinuous Ege 0.033 0.038 0.043 0.047 0.047 0.055 0.033
Positive Moment at - Midspan 0.050 0.057 0.064 0.072 0.072 0.083 0.050
S - 2 at both ends

Thickness of Slab Approximations: mm (S) mm (L)

Simply Supported = L/20(.4+fy/700) = 165.54 183.93
One End Continuous = L/24(.4+fy/700) = 137.95 153.27
Both Ends Continuous = L/28(.4+fy/700) = 118.24 131.38
Cantilever = L/10(.4+fy/700) = 331.07 367.86
Short Slab / Beam length (S) = 4.50 m
Long Slab / Beam length (L) = 5.00 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 200.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 165.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (temperature bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 1.00 m = 0.29 KN /m
Finished Flooring 1.20 x DL 0.77 KPa x 1.00 m = 0.92 KN /m
Floor Slab Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.10 sq.m = 2.88 KN /m
Wall 4" Superimposed on Slab 1.20 x DL 1.85 KPa x 2.70 m = 5.99 KN /m
Live Load 1.60 x LL 2.00 KPa x 1.00 m = 3.20 KN /m
2.59 Total W 13.29 KN /m
m= S = 0.90 > or = 0.5 Two-way Slab
L
Case 3: Two Edges Discontinuous According to table:
@ Short Span -c = 0.0490 @ Short Span -m = c*W*(L^2) = 13.18 KN-m
+c = 0.0430 +m = c*W*(L^2) = 11.57 KN-m

@ Long Span -c = 0.049 @ Long Span -m = c*W*(L^2) = 14.65 KN-m

+c = 0.037 +m = c*W*(L^2) = 9.95 KN-m
S - 2 at both ends Beam length (L) = 4.50 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 200.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 165.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (temperature bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Mu at At both ends:
Mu = 14.65 KN-m
β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: Spacing
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As10mm = 78.54 183.77 mm if 10mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 427.39 As12mm = 113.10 264.62 mm if 12mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 200.00 mm Spacing 10mm diameter both ways
Top Bars @ Both Ends
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 146.98 < Mu = 14.65
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.033 Check minimum Mu2 = (146.98) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 ok As1 = ρmax*b*d = 5,467.77 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 ok Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.033 a= As1*fy = 75.58 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 88.92 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 363.84 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (5,345.57) sq. mm
Mumax = 146.98 0.9*fy*(d-d')
if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 146.98 > Mu = 14.65 f's = 363.84 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (5,345.57) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 363.84 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 0.60 A's = As2*fy = (3,452.66) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (5,345.57) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)]
fy Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
ρ= 0.0026 Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = (4,918.18) sq. mm (62.62) pcs. 16mm
Check Compression A's = (5,345.57) sq. mm (68.06) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0026 > Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
0.00 > ρmin = 0.006 ok Final Schedule: @ both ends
0.00 > ρmin = 0.005 ok
Use: ρ= 0.0026 Therefore: Use 200.00 mm Spacing 10mm diameter both ways
Top Bars @ Supports @ Both Ends
S - 2 at Midspan Short Slab / Beam length (S) = 4.50 m
Long Slab / Beam length (L) = 5.00 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 200.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 165.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (temperature bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Tributary
Loads Factor Uniform Load / Density Width / Height Distributed Load
Ceiling 1.20 x DL 0.24 KPa x 1.00 m = 0.29 KN /m
Finished Flooring 1.20 x DL 0.77 KPa x 1.00 m = 0.92 KN /m
Floor Slab Weight 1.20 x DL 24.00 KN/cu. M x 0.10 sq.m = 2.88 KN /m
Wall 4" Superimposed on Slab 1.20 x DL 1.85 KPa x 2.70 m = 5.99 KN /m
Live Load 1.60 x LL 2.00 KPa x 1.00 m = 3.20 KN /m
Total W 13.29 KN /m
m= S = 0.90
L
Case 3: Two Edges Discontinuous
According to table:
@ Short Span -c = 0.0490 @ Short Span -m = c*W*(L^2) = 13.18 KN-m Supports
+c = 0.0430 +m = c*W*(L^2) = 11.57 KN-m Midspan

@ Long Span -c = 0.0490 @ Long Span -m = c*W*(L^2) = 14.65 KN-m Supports

+c = 0.0370 +m = c*W*(L^2) = 9.95 KN-m Midspan
S - 2 at Midspan Beam length (L) = 4.50 m
f'c = 20.00 Mpa b= 1,000.00 mm d' = Cc + tb + [mbc*Lc + S*(Lc-1)] /2 = 35.00 mm
fy= 235.00 Mpa H= 200.00 mm d= H - Cc - tb - [mbt*Lt + S * (Lt-1)]/2 = 165.00 mm
tb = 10.00 mm (stirrups bar Ø) Spacing S= 25.00 mm spacing between main bars
Cc = 20.00 mm (concrete cover)
mbt = 10.00 mm (tension main bar Ø) mbc = 10.00 mm (compression main bar Ø)
Layers (Lt) = 1.00 layer (tension) Layers (Lc) = 1.00 layer (compression)
Mu at @ Midspan
Mu = 14.65 KN-m
β= 0.85 f'c <= 30 Mpa Solve Area of Steel Reinforcement As: Spacing
β= 0.85 - (.05/7)* (f'c - 30) As = ρbd As10mm = 78.54 183.77 mm if 10mm
β= 0.92 f'c > 30 Mpa As = 427.39 As12mm = 113.10 264.62 mm if 12mm
β= 0.65 Minimum Therefore: Use 150.00 mm Spacing 10mm diameter both ways
Bottom Bars @ Midspan
Use β= 0.85 if Mumax < Mu, beam is doubly reinforced
Mumax = 146.98 < Mu = 14.65
ρmax = 0.75*0.85*fc'*β*600 -
'fy* (600 + fy) Therefore: Doubly reinforced is not applicable
Mu2 = Mu - Mumax
ρmax = 0.033 Check minimum Mu2 = (146.98) KN-m
ρmin = 1.4 / fy = 0.006 As1 = ρmax*b*d = 5,467.77 sq.mm
ρmin = sqrt (fc') = 0.005 Check if compression steel yields:
4*fy Solve for a and c: C1 = T1
Use ρmax = 0.033 a= As1*fy = 75.58 mm
0.85*f'c*b
ω= ρmax * fy = 0.39 c = a/β = 88.92 mm
fc' f's = 600* (c-d') = 363.84 Mpa
Mumax = 0.9*f'c*ω*b*(d^2)* (1-0.59*ω) c
10^6 As2 = Mu2*10^6 = (5,345.57) sq. mm
Mumax = 146.98 0.9*fy*(d-d')
if Mumax > Mu, beam is singly reinforced Check if f's > fy (compression steel yields):
Mumax = 146.98 > Mu = 14.65 f's = 363.84 > fy = 235.00 1.00
1.00 therefore: If TRUE then: A's = As2 If True, use: A's = (5,345.57) sq. mm Ok
Singly reinforced is Applicable Check if f's < fy (compression steel does not yield):
Ru = Mu x 10^6 f's = 363.84 < fy = 235.00 -
0.90*b*(d^2) If TRUE then use A's:
Ru = 0.60 A's = As2*fy = (3,452.66) sq. mm
f's
Solve for ρ: Therefore use A's= (5,345.57) sq. mm
ρ= 0.85*f'c* (1-sqrt(1-[2*Ru/0.85*f'c)] Solve Area of Reinforcements pcs. Reinforcements
fy Tension Ast = As1 +As2 = (4,918.18) sq. mm (62.62) pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0026 Compression A's = (5,345.57) sq. mm (68.06) pcs. 16mm
Check Therefore: Use pcs. 16mm
ρ= 0.0026 > Final Schedule: @ Midspan
0.00 > ρmin = 0.006 ok
0.00 > ρmin = 0.005 ok Therefore: Use 150.00 mm Spacing 10mm diameter both ways
Use: ρ= 0.0026 Bottom Bars @ Midspan