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High Temperature Steel
High Temperature Steel
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Molybdenum uses
High-temperature steel
Uses of new Molybdenum
Molybdenum has been the key alloying element used to
(/molybdenum-
develop creep-resistant ferritic steels for service
uses/molybdenum-uses.php)
temperatures up to 530 °C. Products and components
Molybdenum grade stainless made of high-temperature steels include
steels (/molybdenum-
seamless tubing for water boilers and
uses/molybdenum-grade-
superheaters, boiler drums, collectors, pumps and
stainless-steels Large steam turbines require
pressure vessels for elevated temperature
/molybdenum-stainless- creep-resistant steels for
steels.php) service, and safe, economical operation.
steam turbine heavy shafts with diameter
Molybdenum grade Alloy exceeding 2 meters and weighing more than 100
Steels & Irons mt.
(/molybdenum-
uses/molybdenum-grade-
alloy-steels- The main application areas of creep-resistant steels are power generation and
irons/molybdenum-grade- petrochemical plants, which use all product forms. Steam turbines require large
alloys-steel-irons.php)
forgings and castings, whereas pressure vessels, boilers and piping systems require
Metallurgy of Mo in alloy tubes, pipes, plates and fittings. In addition to high creep strength, other material
steel & iron (/molybdenum- properties like hardenability, corrosion resistance, and weldability are also important.
uses/molybdenum-grade- The relative importance of these properties depends on the specific application. For
alloy-steels-
example, large turbine rotors require steels with good hardenability, whereas power
irons/metallurgy-alloy-steel-
iron.php) plant tubing and piping must have good weldability. Even so, the alloys used in these
different applications employ the same mechanisms to improve creep strength.
Heat treatable engineering
steel (/molybdenum- Molybdenum in solid solution reduces the creep rate of steel very effectively. It slows
uses/molybdenum-grade- the coagulation and coarsening (Ostwald ripening) of carbides during
alloy-steels-irons/heat- high-temperature service. The best results in terms of elevated-temperature strength
treatable-engineering- are obtained by quenching and tempering to produce a microstructure consisting of
steel.php)
upper bainite.
Case-hardening steel
(/molybdenum- Improved thermodynamic efficiency is the goal that drives the development of power
uses/molybdenum-grade- plant technology, and it requires both improved plant designs and new steels with
alloy-steels-irons/case- better properties to support those designs.
hardening-steel.php)
While the efficiency of
High-temperature steel sub-critical plants is less
(/molybdenum-
than 40%, Figure 1
uses/molybdenum-grade-
alloy-steels-irons/high- shows future ultra-super-
temperature-steel.php) critical (USC) plant
efficiency is expected to
Oil Country Tubular Goods
exceed 50%, cutting CO2
(OCTG) (/molybdenum-
uses/molybdenum-grade- emissions per kilowatt-
alloy-steels-irons/oil- hour-produced energy
country-tubular-goods.php) almost in half.
High Strength Low Alloy
Steel (/molybdenum-
uses/molybdenum-grade-
alloy-steels-irons/high-
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High temperature steel https://www.imoa.info/molybdenum-uses/molybdenum-grade-alloy-steels...
strength-low-alloy-
steel.php) Figure 1. Effect of operating conditions on efficiency and
emissions of steam power plants.
Heat-treatable plate steel
(/molybdenum-
uses/molybdenum-grade-
alloy-steels-irons/heat- Creep-resistant ferritic steels continue to be the materials of choice for power plants,
treatable-plate-steel.php) oil refineries and petrochemical plants worldwide. They are classified into CMn steels,
Maraging steels Mo steels, low-alloy CrMo steels, and 9-12%Cr steels. Because of the large number
(/molybdenum- of different steel grades, Table 1 includes only a few representatives typical of each
uses/molybdenum-grade- group.
alloy-steels-irons/maraging-
steels.php) Standard high-temperature structural steels
Tool & high speed steel
(/molybdenum- EN designation ASTM Chemical composition (mass%)
uses/molybdenum-grade- grade C Cr Ni Mo V Nb Others
alloy-steels-irons/tool-
high-speed-steel.php) CMn-steels
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High temperature steel https://www.imoa.info/molybdenum-uses/molybdenum-grade-alloy-steels...
In Mo steels, the solution hardening provided by 0.3% molybdenum is the main cause
for the increase of creep rupture strength shown in Figure 2(a). 9NiCuMoNb5-6-4,
widely known as WB 36, shows a dramatic increase of yield strength over 16Mo3,
partly caused by niobium’s grain-refining effect. Additional hardening by copper
precipitation also increases the yield strength.
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High temperature steel https://www.imoa.info/molybdenum-uses/molybdenum-grade-alloy-steels...
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High temperature steel https://www.imoa.info/molybdenum-uses/molybdenum-grade-alloy-steels...
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IMOA MolyReview (/molybdenum-media-centre
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Duplex stainless steel (/molybdenum-media-centre
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IMOA Life Cycle Assessment (/HSE/LCI/life-cycle-
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Stainless steel in Architecure, Building &
Construction (/molybdenum-uses/molybdenum-grade-
stainless-steels/stainless-steel-architecture.php)
USEFUL LINKS
REACH MoConsortium
(http://www.molybdenumconsortium.org/)
SPLASH (http://www.s-p-l-a-s-h.org/)
Team Stainless (http://www.teamstainless.org/)
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