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FENCE 

HORIZONTAL: WELDED PROFILE VERIFICATION (TUBE60x60x4)
Reference: ADM 2015 | LRFD

Curtain Wall Parameters
L = 0.900 m Total unsupported length of profile

Aluminum Profile Properties
profile = TUBE60x60x4 Aluminum profile
At = 896.00 mm² Cross section area of aluminum profile
cx1 = 30.0 mm Distance of extreme fiber from Y‐axis
cx2 = 30.0 mm Distance of extreme fiber from Y‐axis
cy1 = 30.0 mm Distance of extreme fiber from X‐axis
cy2 = 30.0 mm Distance of extreme fiber from X‐axis
Ix = 47.07 cm⁴ Moment of inertia about X‐axis
Iy = 47.07 cm⁴ Moment of inertia about Y‐axis
Sx = 15.69 cm³ Elastic section modulus about X‐axis
Sxc = 15.69 cm³ Elastic section modulus about X‐axis
Sy = 15.69 cm³ Elastic section modulus about Y‐axis
Zx = 18.85 cm³ Plastic section modulus about X‐axis
Zy = 18.85 cm³ Plastic section modulus about Y‐axis
rx = 22.92 mm Radius of gyration about X‐axis
ry = 22.92 mm Radius of gyration about Y‐axis
J = 70.25 cm⁴ Torsional constant
wt = 2.43 kg/m Approximate weight of profile

Aluminum Material Properties
Alloy = 6063‐T6 Alloy and temper
Ftu = 205 MPa  Tensile ultimate strength
Fty = 170 MPa  Tensile yield strength
Fsu = 123 MPa  Shear ultimate strength
Fsy = 102 MPa  Shear yield strength
Fcy = 170 MPa  Compressive yield strength
E = 70,000 MPa  Modulus of elasticity
kt = 1.00 Tension coefficient

Aluminum Material Properties ‐ Weld‐Affected Zone
Ftuw = 115 MPa  Tensile ultimate strength of weld‐affected zones
Ftyw = 55 MPa  Tensile yield strength of weld‐affected zones
Fsuw = 69 MPa  Shear ultimate strength of weld‐affected zones
Fsyw = 33 MPa  Shear yield strength of weld‐affected zones
Fcyw = 55 MPa  Compressive yield strength of weld‐affected zones

EXTRACTED FORCES FROM STAAD MODEL
Refer to section 4.5 to verify the figures
Mu = 0.117 kNm Total factored moment
Vu = 2.885 kN Total factored shear
Pu = 31.975 kN Total factored axial (Member in Compression )

SUMMARY AND DESIGN RATIO
The figures can be verified from the proceeding pages of this report section.

Flexural Shear Axial CSR


Aluminum profile capacity 2.40 kNm 12.36 kN 40.87 kN 0.83
A. DESIGN OF MEMBER FOR AXIAL ‐ TENSION (Chapter D)

A.1a. Tensile Strength ‐ Yielding (Section D.2a)
For members with full transverse weld
Pnt = FtyAt
= 152.32 kN Nominal tensile strength
φt = 0.90 Resistance factor
φtPnt = 137.1 kN Design tensile strength

A.1b. Tensile Strength ‐ Yielding (Section D.2a)
For members with longitudinal weld ‐ force parallel to weld length
Awz = 300 mm² Cross‐section area of weld‐affected zone
Pnt = Fty(At ‐ Awz) + FtywAwz
= 117.82 kN Nominal tensile strength
φt = 0.90 Resistance factor
φtPnt = 106.0 kN Design tensile strength

A.2. Tensile Strength ‐ Rupture (Section D.2b)
Ae = 896 mm² Effective net area ‐ Fully welded perimeter
Aewz = 896 mm² Effective net area of weld‐affected zone
Pnt = Ftu(Ae ‐ Aewz)/kt + FtuwAewz
= 103.04 kN Nominal tensile strength
φt = 0.75 Resistance factor
φtPnt = 77.3 kN Design tensile strength

The available tensile strength of member is the least of the available strength from A.1 and A.2.

φtPnt = 77.28 kN Design tensile strength


Ptu = 0.00 kN Ultimate tensile force φtPnt > Ptu n/a

B. DESIGN OF MEMBER FOR AXIAL ‐ COMPRESSION (Chapter E)

B.1. Compression Strength ‐ Member Buckling (Secton E.2)
k = 1.00 Buckling factor
λ = kL/ry
= 39.27 Slenderness
λ1 = (Bc‐Fcyw)/Dc
= 22.75 Lower slenderness limit
λ2 = Cc
= 186.11 Upper slenderness limit
Fc = Fcy
= 55.00 MPa  Compressive stress for yielding

Fc = (Bc Dcλ 0.85 0.15


= 50.68 MPa  Compressive stress for inelastic buckling
Fc = 0.85π²E/λ²
= 380.86 MPa  Compressive stress for elastic buckling

λ1 λ λ2 THEREFORE, THE PROFILE IS IN INELASTIC BUCKLING 
< <
22.75 39.27 186.11 LIMIT STATE

Fc = 50.68 Compressive stress
Pnc = FcAt
= 45.41 kN Nominal buckling strength
φc = 0.90 Resistance factor

φcPnc = 40.87 kN Design compressive strength


Pcu = 31.98 kN Ultimate compressive force φcPnc > Pcu OK!
C. DESIGN OF MEMBER FOR SHEAR (Chapter G)

C.1. Shear Strength of Webs Supported on Both Edges ‐ Shear Yielding (Section G.1)
b = 52.00 mm Element width
t = 4.00 mm Element thickness
λ = b/t
= 13.00 Slenderness
λ1 = (Bs‐Fsy)/1.25Ds
= 38.86 Lower slenderness limit
λ2 = Cs/1.25
= 76.45 Upper slenderness limit
Fs = Fsy
= 102.00 MPa  Shear stress for yielding
Fs = Bs‐1.25Dsλ
= 119.87 MPa  Shear stress for inelastic buckling
Fs = π²E/(1.25λ)²
= 2,616.32 MPa  Shear stress for elastic buckling ELEMENT REPRESENTATION

λ1 λ λ2
> < THEREFORE, THE ELEMENT IS IN YIELDING LIMIT STATE
38.86 13.00 76.45

Fso = 102.00 MPa  Shear strength of element for unwelded

λ1 = (Bs‐Fsyw)/1.25Ds
= 56.76 Lower slenderness limit
λ2 = Cs/1.25
= 177.97 Upper slenderness limit
Fs = Fsyw
= 33.00 MPa  Shear stress for yielding
Fs = Bs‐1.25Dsλ
= 41.91 MPa  Shear stress for inelastic buckling
Fs = π²E/(1.25λ)²
= 2,616.32 MPa  Shear stress for elastic buckling

λ1 λ λ2
> < THEREFORE, THE ELEMENT IS IN YIELDING LIMIT STATE
56.76 13.00 177.97

Fsw = 33.00 MPa  Shear strength of element for weld‐affected zone

Av = 2bt
= 416 mm² Net area of web
Awz = 416 mm² weld‐affected area of web ‐ fully welded
Vn = Fso(Av ‐ Awz) + FswAwz
= 13.73 kN Nominal shear strength
φv = 0.90 Resistance factor
φvVn = 12.4 kN Design shear strength

C.2. Shear Strength of Webs Supported on Both Edges ‐ Shear Rupture (Section G.2)
An = 416 mm² Net area of web
Vn = Fsu(An ‐ Awz)/kt + FsuwAwz
= 28.70 kN Nominal shear strength
φv = 0.75 Resistance factor
φvVn = 21.5 kN Design shear strength

The available shear strength of member is the least of the available strength from C.1 and C.2.

φvVn = 12.36 kN Design shear strength


Vu = 2.89 kN Ultimate shear force φvVn > Vu OK!
D. DESIGN OF MEMBER FOR FLEXURE ‐ STRONG AXIS (Chapter F)

D.1. Flexural Strength ‐ Yielding (Section F.2)
Mnp = 1.5SxFty
= 4.00 kNm Nominal flexural strength
Mnp = 1.5SxcFcy
= 4.00 kNm Nominal flexural strength
Mnp = ZxFcy
= 3.20 kNm Nominal flexural strength

Mnp = 3.20 kNm Nominal flexural strength


φb = 0.90 Resistance factor
φbMnp = 2.88 kNm Design flexure strength

D.2. Flexural Strength ‐ Rupture (Section F.2)
Mnu = ZxFtu/kt
= 3.86 kNm Nominal flexural strength
φb = 0.75 Resistance factor
φbMnp = 2.90 kNm Design flexure strength

D.3. Flexural Strength ‐ Local Buckling ‐ Limiting Element Method (Section F.3)
Strength of Element in Uniform Compression ‐ Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges ‐ Section B.5.4.2
b = 52.00 mm Element width
t = 4.00 mm Element thickness
λ = b/t
= 13.00 Slenderness
λ1 = (Bp‐Fcy)/1.6Dp

t
= 22.89 Lower slenderness limit
k1 = 0.35 Post buckling constant b
λ2 = k1Bp/1.6Dp
= 39.65 Upper slenderness limit

Fc = Fcy
= 170.00 MPa  Compressive stress for yielding
Fc = Bp‐1.6Dpλ
= 188.59 MPa  Compressive stress for inelastic buckling
k2 = 2.27 Post buckling constant
Fc = k2 BpE
1.6λ
= 421.44 MPa  Compressive stress for elastic buckling ELEMENT REPRESENTATION

λ1 λ λ2
> < THEREFORE, THE PROFILE IS IN YIELDING LIMIT STATE
22.89 13.00 39.65

Fc = 170.00 MPa  Uniform compressive stress


Mnlb = FcSxc
= 2.67 kNm Nominal flexural strength
φb = 0.90 Resistance factor
φbMnlb = 2.40 kNm Design flexure strength

D.3. Local Buckling ‐ Limiting Element Method (Section F.3)
Strength of Element in Flexural Compression ‐ Flat Elements Supported on Both Edges ‐ Section B.5.5.1
b = 52.00 mm Element width t
t = 4.00 mm Element thickness
λ = b/t
= 13.00 Slenderness
co 26.00
Cc

= mm Exterme fiber of the other fiber
cc = ‐26.00 mm Extreme fiber distance with greatest compessive
co/cc = ‐1.00 > ‐1
b

m = 1.15+co/(2cc)
= 0.65 for ‐1 < c o /c c  < 1
Co

m = 1.3/(1‐co/cc)
= 0.65 for c o /c c   ≤ ‐1
m = 0.65 for c c  = ‐c o
m = 0.65 Governing coefficient for element
ELEMENT REPRESENTATION
λ1 = (Bbr‐1.5Fcy)/(mDbr)
= 34.71 Lower slenderness limit
k1 = 0.50 Post buckling constant
λ2 = k1Bbr/(mDbr)
= 93.96 Upper slenderness limit

Fb = 1.5Fcy
= 255.00 MPa  Flexure stress for yielding
Fb = Bbr‐mDbrλ
= 291.13 MPa  Flexure stress for inelastic buckling
k2 = 2.04 Post buckling constant
Fb = k2 BbrE

= 1,129.61 MPa  Flexure stress for elastic buckling

λ1 λ λ2 THEREFORE, THE ELEMENT IS IN INELASTIC BUCKLING 
< <
0.50 13.00 93.96 LIMIT STATE

Fb = 291.13 MPa  Flexural compressive strength


Mnlb = Fb Sx
= 4.57 kNm Nominal flexural strength
φb = 0.90 Resistance factor
φbMnlb = 4.11 kNm Design flexure strength

D.5. Flexural Strength ‐ Lateral Torsional Buckling (Section F.4)
Slenderness for Laterial‐Torsional Buckling of Closed Shapes ‐ Fully welded member ‐ Section F.4.2.3
Lb = 0.90 m Unbraced length
Cb = 1.30 Bending coefficient
λ = LbSxc
2.3
Cb IyJ
= 10.00 Slenderness

Mnmb = π²ESx/λ²
= 108.47 kNm Nominal flexural strength for elastic limit
Mnmb = λ π2EλSx
Mnp 1
Cc Cc3

= 3.05 kNm Nominal flexural strength for Inelastic limit

λ Cc THEREFORE, THE PROFILE IS IN INELASTIC BUCKLING 
<
10.00 186.11 LIMIT STATE

Mnmb = 3.05 kNm Nominal flexural strength


φb = 0.90 Resistance factor
φbMnmb = 2.74 kNm Design flexure strength

The available flexural strength of member is the least of the available strength from D.1 to D.5.

φbMn = 2.40 kNm Design flexure strength


Mu = 0.12 kNm Ultimate flexural force φbMn > Mu OK!

E. COMBINED STRESSES (Chapter H)

E.1. Members Subject to Flexure and Axial Force (Section H.1)

Pc = φcPnc
= 40.87 kN Available axial strength
Mc = φbMn
2.40 kNm Available flexural strength

Pu Mu
UR = + = 0.83
Pc Mc UR < 1 OK!

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