VARIOUS

ARCHITECTURAL
STYLES
 INTRODUCTION

What is architectural style:

An architectural style is defined as”
a set of structural design features
that makes one type of building
different from others”.
What are the elements of
architectural style?
• Building Materials
• Age
• Structure Design
• Location
Why is architectural style important?
• Physical representations of the past
• Teach about how people lived
• What they valued at the time the buildings
were constructed
 NEOLITHIC STYLES

ORIGIN
• Middle east
• Central Asia
Emerged as people changed from living as
Nomadic hunter gatherers to permanently
settling in specific areas

CHARACTERISTICS STONE HENGE

• Stone wattle
• Daub

Examples
• Stone Henge
• Megaliths
• Cause ways
• Ditch rings

CAUSE WAYS DITCH RINGS

 EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE

ORIGIN
Near Nile river, belief of
eternal life

CHARACTERISTICS
• Mud bricks and stones as
material
• Aarely wood TEMPLE OF HORUS
• Battered wall
• Hyrogiphs
• Stone columns KOM OMBO TEMPLE

EXAMPLES
• Pyramids
• Mastabas
• Temples
 GREEK ARCHITECTURE STYLE

ORIGIN
Greece
• Athens
• Acropolis

CHARACTERISTICS
• Rectangular buildings
• Doric
• Ionic
• Corinthian
• Temples surrounded by columns PARTHENON
• Friezes
• Triglyphs

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 WEST ASIA ARCHITECTURE

ORIGIN
• Mesopotamia
• Near Tigris and Euphrates
Urban cities development

CHARACTERISTICS
• Mostly bricks
• Large stones
• Relief sculptures ZIGGURATS PALACES OF PERSEPOLIS
• Immense great guardian sculptures of animals
 Victorian style

ORIGIN
Emerged in the period between 1830 and 1910, during the reign
of Queen Victoria.
CHARACTERISTICS
• Grand staircases
• Complicated layouts with
multiple rooms including
formal dining rooms, libraries,
and parlors
• High ceilings CARSON MANSION
• Ornately carved wood
paneling
• Geometric tile hallways
• Decorative fireplaces
• Stained glass windows THE PAINTED LADIES
• Dark wood furniture (San Francisco)
• Heavy drapes
• Hardwood floors covered with
rugs
 BALMORAL CASTLE

JOHN RYLANDS LIBRARY IN

MANCHESTER, ENGLAND

OSBORNE HOUSE IN EAST COWES ENGLAND

 Renaissance style

ORIGIN
Italy
France
Germany
England
CHARACTERISTICS
• Emphasis
• Symmetry proportion
• Geometry
• Regularity of parts

Villa Farnese, Caprarola

ST PETERS BASILICA, Rome

 THE TEMPIETTO ST PETER’S BASILICA CHÂTEAU DE CHAMBORD

10
 Modern Architecture

ORIGIN
• Emerged in the 1920s in Europe and the United
States
• Began as a response by Architects to rapid
technological advances and greater urbanization
of society
CHARACTERISTICS
• Functionality
• No ornamentation
• Functional, flowing, open space plans
• Exposed structure
• Use of traditional materials in innovative ways VILLA SAVOYE
• Open floor plans
• Abundance of glass to let in natural light WAINWRIGHT BUILDING
• Horizontal design with flat roofs
• Abstraction, and
• Straight, continuous lines
• Use of modern materials like reinforced concrete, glass, and
steel
THE FALLING WATER HOUSE THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM (Frank Lloyd Wright)

GLASS HOUSE DAVID S. INGALLS SKATING RINK IN NEW HAVEN

 POSTMODERN ARCHITECTURE

• An eclectic, colorful style of architecture and the

decorative arts
• emerged as a reaction to Modernism and the
Modern Movement

CHARACTERISTICS
• Bright Colours
• Playfulness
• Variety of materials and shapes
Classical Motifs
WALT DISNEY CONCERT HALL

PORTLAND BUILDING,
Portland, Oregon

VANNA VENTURI HOUSE,

PENNSYLVANIA
 HOUSE FOR ESSEX

DOLPHIN AND SWAN HOTELS GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, BILBAO, SPAIN

 SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS
• Environmentally-friendly building materials
• Maximize passive solar energy.
• Use of Natural Resources.
• Enhance indoor environmental quality

ONE CENTRAL PARK

EDGELAND HOUSE
 BAHRAIN WORLD TRADE CENTER

OLYMPIC HOUSE LAUSANNE, Switzerland

 ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS
• Minarets
• Muqarnas
• Arabesque
• Islamic geometric motifs
• Pointed arch
• Multifold arch
• Onion dome and pointed dome

THE DOME OF ROCK

TAJ MAHAL AGRA INDIA

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SHEIKH ZAYED GRAND MOSQUE, ABU DHABI, UAE NASIR AL-MULK MOSQUE, SHIRAZ, IRAN

JAMEH MOSQUE OF ISFAHĀN, ISFAHĀN, IRAN

 Neoclassical Architecture

CHARACTERISTICS
• Grand scale volumes
• Simple geometric forms
• Dramatic columns
• Doric Greek or Roman detailing
• Domed or flat roofs, depending on style

CAPITOL BUILDING, WASHINGTON

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, WASHINGTON

 LONDON: KENWOOD HOUSE

WARSAW: SAINT
ANNE'S CHURCH
ART GALLERY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

BERLIN: THE ALTES MUSEUM THE BALTIMORE BASILICA VILLA TITTONI TRAVERSI
 CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS
• Symmetry and proportions
• Columns in a specific style (or
order)
• Rectangular windows
• Classical design motifs
• Durable building materials

NATIONAL BANK IN
STAUNTON

21
HOTEL RITZ, PARIS AL-MASJID AN-NABAWI
 HIGH TEC ARCHITECTURE

CHARACTERISTICS
Exposed structures
programmatic design
Internal structural elements

HOPKINS HOUSE, HOPKINS

ARCHITECTS
HSBC BUILDING, BY POMPIDOU CENTRE
FOSTER ASSOCIATES
 PARK ROAD APARTMENTS,
FARRELL AND GRIMSHAW
UNIKLINIK AACHEN
THE LLOYD'S BUILDING,
RICHARD ROGERS
 BAROQUE STYLE

ORIGIN
• Spain
• Italy
• France
• Belgium
• Rome

CHARACTERISTICS
• Extravagant ornaments
• Opulent Materials and bold contrast
• Intricate Details
• Complex Geometry
• Sculpture
• Frescoes
SAN CARLO ALLE
QUATTRO FONTANE
 MELK ABBEY, AUSTRIA

CHURCH OF SANT
SUSANNA, ROME

SANTIAGO DE
COMPOSTELA, SPAIN

26 PALACE OF VERSAILLES