2022練習題

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練習題 202209

1. 1
關於細菌細胞壁之敘述,下列何者正確?

What the statement concerning of bacteria cell wall is true?

(A)革蘭氏陰性菌外膜上有mesosome,與plasmid 之複製有關(G(-)bactertia with

mesosome in outer membrane and association with plasmid replication)

(B)革蘭氏陰性菌之lipopolysaccharide 具有enterotoxin 活性((G(-)bactertia with

lipopolysaccharide and function as enterotoxin)

(C)革蘭氏陽性菌之lipopolysaccharide 以共價鍵結於peptidoglycan((G(+)bactertia with

lipopolysaccharide and link to peptidoglycan )

(D)革蘭氏陽性菌細胞壁之 peptidoglycan 是 lysozyme 之作用標的(G(+)bactertia with

peptidoglycan can be disrupted by lysozyme)


2. 2
關於芽胞(spore),下列何者為錯誤敘述?

All of the following statements concerning spore are true EXCEPT

(A)具有 with Keratin-like protein

(B)是代謝產物,包於細菌體外(is a metabolite and wrap in bacteria)

(C)構造堅強、可耐乾燥、化學劑、熱等(resistance to dry, chemical and high temperature)

(D)芽胞內含水極少( with very little water)。

3. 3
不同細菌間之遺傳物質若要產生基因重組,得先將基因自 A 菌傳遞至 B 菌,下列哪一

種基因的傳遞方式是必需仰賴線毛做為媒介?

Movement of DNA from one bacteria to another need by sex pili?

(A) 結合作用(conjugation) (B) 轉型作用(transformation)

(C) 基因跳躍(transposition) (D) 導變作用(transduction)

4. 4
下列何種細菌構造,其組成分通常不是蛋白質?

Which of the following bacterial structure usually is not involved in protein?


(A)porin (B)flagellum (C)pilus (D)capsule
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5. 5
Radiation 的殺菌作用下列敘述何者錯誤?

All of the following statements concerning radiation as a method of microbial control are true
EXCEPT

(A)非離子性(UV)穿透力很弱(Very weak penetrating of non-ionic radiationUV)

(B) UV 最好殺菌最好波長是 260nm (Best wavelength for bactericide is 260 nm )

(C) UV 和 X-ray 破壞 DNA 位置是相同(UVand X-ray disrupted DNA is the same location )

(D) 離子性常用於丟棄性器材的殺菌(ionic radiation usually used for sterilization of

discarding equipment)
6. 6
溶菌酶(Lysozyme)對細菌細胞壁主要作用是破壞

What is the function concerning of Lysozyme to destroy bacteria cell wall?

(A) 由 N-Acetyl-giucosamine 和 N-Acetyl-muramic acid 連接處(hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-

linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine)

(B) tetrapeptide 連接在 N-Acetyl-muramic acid(hydrolysis of linkages between

tetrapeptide and N-Acetyl-muramic acid)

(C)合成時需 penicillin binding protein (hydrolysis of penicillin binding protein)

(D)抑制 peptidoglycan 的合成時cross-linking (inhibition the cross-linking of

peptidoglycan)
7. 7
以下何種 chemical antimicrobial agents 會造成細菌細胞膜破裂(lysis) ?

Which of the following chemical antimicrobial agent with main mechanism can lysis cell
membrane?
(A)detergent (B)chlorine (C)alcohol (D)ethylene oxide
8. 8
有關 extended spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)之敘述,下列何者錯誤?

All of the following statements concerning extended spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)are true

EXCEPT

(A)可以水解第三代頭孢素,如 cefotaxime、ceftriaxone (hydrolysis of the third

Cephalosporin such as cefotaxime、ceftriaxone)

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(B)ESBL 基因主要存在於染色體上 (gene of ESBLalways on chromosome )

(C)目前有很多不同的 ESBLs(with many kind of ESBLs)

(D)可水解 β-lactam 藥物(hydrolysis of β-lactam agents)

9. 9
塑膠管針筒等物品之消毒宜用消毒法?

What is the best method disinfection for plastic tube syringe?


(A)autoclave (B)UV

(C)氣體 phenol(gas type) (D)氣體 ethylene oxide(gas type)

10. 1
E. coli 在實驗室培養基生長時的 generation time (代數時間) 常見是?
0
What is the generation time of E. coli culturing in lab?
(A) 15-20 min (B) 1-2 hours
(C) 12-24 hours (D) 120-180 Seconds
11. 1
下列何種抗微生物藥劑,可以抑制細菌細胞壁之合成,但結構上不含β-lactam 環?
1
Which of the following antibiotic is without the β-lactam ring in structure?
(A)cephalosporin (B)vancomycin (C)monobactam (D)carbapenem
12. 1
下列哪種方法較可達到滅菌(sterilization)的效果?
2
which of the following method has effect of sterilization?

(A)用含殺菌劑的肥皂洗手(detergent Soap washing)

(B)用 70%酒精擦拭皮膚(Wipe the skin 70% alcohol)

(C)將物品 121℃作用 10 分鐘 (heat at 121℃with 10 min)

(D)170 ℃作用 2 小時 (heat at 170℃with 2 hr)

13. 1
下列何者之殺菌機轉與蛋白質之變性(denaturation)無關?
3
All of the following statements concerning protein denaturation as a method of microbial
control are true EXCEPT

(A)高壓蒸氣滅菌(autoclave) (B)紫外線(UV)

(C)酒精(alcohol) (D)福馬林(formalin)。

14. 1 李先生 52 歲,患有糖尿病,最近發現第三、第四腳趾部分有潰爛,因傷口惡臭、


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4 流膿而住 院。在給與抗生素之前,醫師進行清瘡,同時採檢以進行革蘭氏染色及
細菌培養生化檢查。革蘭氏染色發現檢體內有革蘭氏陽性無凝集酵素的球菌集群成
串(Gram-positive cocci in clusters)和一些的革蘭氏陰性桿菌(Gram-negative
bacilli) 最有可能是以下那一種致病菌?
Which of the following bacteria is associate with Gram-positive cocci in clusters and without
coagulase?
(A)化膿性鏈球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)
(B)白色表皮葡菊球菌 (Staphylococcus epidermitis)
(C)金黃色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)

(D)嗜麥芽菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)

15. 1
以下有關鏈球菌(Streptococcus)之敘述,何者為誤?
5

All Streptococcus (鏈球菌屬)share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

(A)肺炎鏈球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)產生 M 蛋白引起肺炎

(B)化膿性鏈球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)之抗原導致風溼熱

(C)轉醣鏈球菌(Streptococcus mutans)代謝醣類致大量產酸而引起齲齒

(D) A 族鏈球菌產生鏈黴素(streptomycin)可殺死其他正常菌叢

16. 1
鏈球菌可產生一種胞外酵素,能使宿主之纖維蛋白凝塊(fibrin clot)溶解,使細菌易
6

於擴散侵犯其他部位,請問此胞外酵素為何?

Which of the following factor is true with function of fibrin clot lysis ?

(A)凝固(coagulase) (B)琉璃醣(hyaluronidase)

(C) 鏈球菌(streptokinase) (D)脂肪(lipase)

17.
有關鏈球菌 M 蛋白之敘述下列何者為誤?

All of the following statements concerning M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes are true
EXCEPT

(A) Lancefield分型主要根據M蛋白 (B)M蛋白具有抗吞噬作用

(C) 具抗原性,與致病力有關 (D)M蛋白之抗原結構與風濕熱之形成有關

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18. 1
20歲新兵,過去身體健康,因三日咳嗽、發燒、喉嚨痛和逐漸出現多處皮疹到急診室
8

就醫,皮膚黏膜發紺以及兩側之腎上腺有出血點及出血,此病原最可能屬何種球菌?

20-year-old recruit, in the past healthy, due to three days of cough, fever, sore throat and
appear multiple rashes gradually , so he go to the emergency room for medical treatment. He
also appear cyanosis in skin mucosa and adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal
glands. Which of the following is the most possible infection bacteria.
(A) Staphylococcus aureus (B)Stomatoccus mucilaginosa
(C)Neisseria meningitides (D)Aerococcus viridans
19.
下列有關細菌細胞壁的敘述, 何者正確?

(A) 除分枝桿菌(mycobacteria)外,所有細菌細胞壁均富含脂質

(B)使細胞壁堅硬的主要成分是胜肽聚醣

(C)革蘭氏陽性菌的細胞壁具有外膜

(D)革蘭氏陰性菌的細胞壁含有胞壁酸(teichoic acid)

20.
下列何者是 aminoglycosides 類抗生素主要的抗菌範圍

(A) . 革蘭氏陽性好氧菌

(B). 革蘭氏陽性厭氧菌

(C).革蘭氏陰性好氧菌

(D). 革蘭氏陰性厭氧菌

21.
All of the following statements concerning antiobic which one is true?

A.克拉維酸(Clavulanic acid)通常被單獨使用

B.甲氧葉酸嘧啶(Trimethoprim)抑制葉酸生成

C.紅黴素(Erythromycin)抑制細胞壁的合成

D.磺胺(Sulfonamide)抑制 DNA 旋轉酶(DNA gyrase)

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22.
下列抗生素的抗菌機制為作用於 50S 抑制蛋白質合成的抗生素?

(A)枯草桿菌素(bacitracin) (B)四環黴素(tetracycline)

(C)氯黴素(chloramphenicol) (D)紅黴素(erythromycin)

23.
Vancomycin 是目前許多金黃色葡萄球菌唯一有效的抗生素。其抗菌作用在於:

(A)抑制細胞壁的合成 (B)破壞細胞膜

(C)抑制蛋白質的合成 (D)抑制 DNA 的複製

24.
下列何者之抗菌作用主要在細胞膜上?

(A)青黴素(penicillin) (B)紅黴素(erythromycin)

(C)氯黴素(chloramphenicol) (D)多黏桿菌素(polymyxin)

25.
下列抗菌藥物中,何者可以作為細菌葉酸(folic acid)合成的競爭性抑制劑?

(A)多黏菌素(polymyxin) (B)rifampin

(C)ciprofloxacin (D)磺胺類藥物(sulfonamide)

26.
抗生素的濫用導致多種細菌產生抗藥性,主要原因為下列何者?

(A)分泌 neuraminidase (B)分泌 β-lactamase

(C)分泌 carboxypeptidase (D)分泌 catalase

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27.
有關 Chloramphenicol 綠黴素最可怕的副作用是

(A)過敏反應 (B)再生性不良貧血

(C)氣喘 (D) Stevens-Johnson syndrome

28.
界面活性劑如 quaternary compound 主要殺菌作用機轉是

(A).抑制細胞壁合成

(B).抑制蛋白質合成

(C).干擾細胞膜功能

(D).蛋白質變性

29.
下列何者為製備無菌綜合維生素液體的最佳方法?

(A)121℃,20 分鐘

(B)72℃,30 秒

(C)UV 照射 10 分鐘

(D)0.2 μM 過濾膜過濾

30.
以下何者最可達到殺死細菌孢子之目的?

(A)100℃水煮 30 分鐘

(B) 於 170℃烤箱中乾熱 2 小時

(C) 於 121℃高壓滅菌鍋中煮 5 分鐘

(D)以紫外光照射 4 小時

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