All the questions are in MCQ format. Rei gga Recap ecta Gi Pe EMU eee ec i panenreateenasrentetoe Se Example: First 5 odd numbers are: (A) 2,4,6,8,10 (B) 1,2,3,4,5, (C) 3,5,7,9,11 (D) 135,79 (E) None of these Answer (D) Explanation: Odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7,9, 11, 13, 15,...-.. ete. p> Example: The number 3890 is: (A) anodd number. (B) aneven number. (C) either an even number and or an odd number. (D) neither an even number nor an odd number. (E) None of these Answer (B) Explanation: The last digit at the given number 3890 is 0. So it is an even number. : Prime Numbers and Composite Numbers Prime Numbers A prime number is a whole number has only two factors which are 1 and the number | itself. For example, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13,17,..... ete are prime numbers. The number ! 2 does not have the factors other than 1, therefore, 2 is a prime number. Look at the following table of prime numbers between 1 and 100. ' [ 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | rab [74 [75 | 76 | 77 [ 78 | pee fe rar [or a eae [ 98 | 99 | 100OLYMPIAD EXCELLENCE GUIDE in the table given above, highlighted numbers are prime numbers in which 2 is only 3 number from group of even numbers which has only two factors (1 and 2), so 2 ;. the even prime number. Composite Numbers Acomposite number is one whieh has at least one factor other than 1 and the numbe, itself, Look at the following table of composite numbers between 1 and 100. numbers. So we can er that the numbers,CHAPTER 1 __ NUMBER SENSE AND NUMERATION > Example: Composite numbers below 10 are: (A) 2,4, 6 and 8. (B) 2,4,6,8and9. (C) 1,4,6,8and9, (D) 4,6, 8and 9. (E)_ None of these Answer (D) Explanation: There are four composite numbers between 1 to 10 which are 4, 6,8 and9. Twin Primes Two prime numbers are known as twin-primes if there is only one composite number between them. For example, pairs of twin-primes between 1 and 20 are: (3, 5); (5, 7); (11, 13); and (17, 19). > Example: There are four prime numbers between 1 and 10 and again four prime numbers between 10 and 20. How many prime numbers are there between 91 and 100? (a) 1 (B) 2 (c) 3 (D) 4 (E) None of these Answer (A) Explanation:The numbers from 91 to 100 are 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99. The number 97 has only two factors 1 and 97 itself. Hence, 97 is the only prime number between 91 and 100. Successor and Predecessor of a Number Successor of aNumber — Successor of a number is obtained by adding 1 to the number. The successor of 1 is -1+1=2, successor of 5 is 5 + 1=6. Therefore, the successor of a number Nis N + 1.