-easier to remove calculus

what are 5 advantages of -improved stroke control

-reduced number of strokes
sharp instruments
-increased patient comfort
-reduced fatigue

when do you sharpen? first sign of dullness

what would more frequent

less metal removal
sharpening lead to?

how do you
sight or touch
evaluate sharpness?

how does a dull reflects light because it

edge present? is round

how does a sharp

no bright line can be seen
edge present?
 -produce sharp cutting edge
what are the goals of -maintain original shape
instrument sharpening and angle
-remove minimal amounts

-natural (arkansas, india)

what are the two types of
-synthetic (ceramic, ruby,
sharpening stones (and
examples) carborundum)

reduces clogging of
what does lubrication do
abrasive surface with
for a sharpening stone?
metal particles

reshape dull cutting edges

what is an India stone
(medium/fine grain)
used for?

routine sharpening of well

what is an Arkansas stone
maintained instruments
used for?
(fine grain)

routine sharpening or
what is a ceramic stone finishing after use of
used for? coarse or medium grain
(fine)
 what manual methods -flat stone
are used? -sharpening cone

-difficult to control
what are three
-wears down
disadvantages of mounted
instrument quickly
rotary stones? -generates heat

how many surfaces does a

2 (and toe)
universal have to sharpen

how many sides does a

1 (and toe)
gracey have to sharpen?

how many sides does a

sickle scaler have to 2
sharpen?

what relationship should

the face of the instrument parallel
have to the floor
 for universal, what angle
should the blade be to the 100-110
stone

how should the operator -palm grasp

be positioned for -braced non-dominant
sharpening? arm on table

short up and down

what movements should
strokes, ending on down
be used for sharpening?
stroke

how should the

start at the shank end and
sharpening progress in
work toward the toe
relation to the intrument?

when should you sharpen

the toe of a gracey or occasionally
universal

the cutting edge of

graceys is perpendicular to false, the cutting edge
the shank of the curves from shank to toe
instrument (T/F)
sickle scaler sharpening is false. same except you do
exactly the same as for not round the toe, but
curettes (T/F) maintain point

what is an optional way to place stone on table, draw

sharpen a sickle scaler scaler towards you

-alteration of working
what are 4 common end design
-unnecessary metal removal
sharpening errors
-altered shape
-flattened cutting edge

ease of angulation for

what are sharpening
universals/sickles and
guides designed for?
graceys

where should the cutting onto the stone, with the

edge be for a Gleeson back of the blade against
guide the stop

bring the terminal shank

how should you move an
to the rest position, move
instrument across the
it back and forth, keeping
gleeson guide
the blade back on the stop
 rest the back on the
how do you shape the toe angled end of the guide
using a gleeson guide? -face of the blade is
parallel to stops

battery operated
sharpening devices can be false, need to be sterilized
used for any instrument

for what instruments are

battery powered
very dull instruments
sharpening devices useful
for?

what does the reduction in reduced working

size of instrument cause? end strength

what can broken inflammation, abscess,

instrument tips cause aspiration infection

what if you cannot find the patient needs a chest

broken tip if aspirated? x-ray
 -remain calm, don’t tell the patient
-maintain pt position
what do you do if you -do not use air or suction
need to retrieve a broken -use a curette in a sulcus
-take a PA
tip? -refer to periodontist if you cannot
locate it

what type of handles are

larger handles
better ergonomically?