PERFORMANCE TASK IN READING AND WRITING SKILLS 11

Third Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

Name: Mhark Bryan Santiago, Eldridge Antonio, Youciff Violago
Section: 11-Cambridge

General Directions: Read the article of Nicholas Heng entitled The Health Impacts of Climate
Change and analyze how it was organized and developed to achieve a particular purpose.

Mini task No.: 1 Topic Outlining Due date: January 24, 2023

Instruction: Identify at least four patterns of development used by the author in writing the article,
and cite the sentence/s from the text that proves the use of said pattern. Below are the patterns of
development you can look for:
a. narration
b. description
c. definition
d. exemplification
e. Division and classification
f. comparison and contrast
g. cause and effect
h. problem - solution
i. persuasion

Pattern of Development Textual Evidence (Sentence/s)

Cause and Effect 1.There has been mounting evidence associating climate
change with extreme weather events (Guha-Sapir,
Hoyois, and Below 2016), potentially leading to greater
health risks and losses (Smith et al. 2014).

2.Such events continue to domi- nate global headlines,

including Cyclone Nargis in 2008, Hurricane Sandy in 2012,
and more recently the 2016 floods in Louisiana and
Typhoon Meranti, amongst others.

3.Notably, floods and storms make up the bulk of natural

disasters globally, affecting millions of people and
causing significant mortality rates (Guha-Sapir, Hoyois,
and Below 2016).

4.With rising sea levels postulated to further contribute to

flooding, especially in coastal areas (Neumann et al.
2015), cli- mate-related health impacts will only intensify in
the coming decades.

5.Dengue fever is particularly important due to its rising

global incidence with almost half of the world’s
population at risk (WHO 2016b), and causing 390 million
infections annually (Bhatt et al. 2013).
Narration 1. Firstly, decreasing crop yields from extreme weather,
such as droughts, can drive up food prices (Brown and
Funk 2008).

2. Secondly, climate change can potentiate vector-,

water- and food-borne diseases as discussed above,
thereby impinging on nutrition in
association with mortality and morbidity

3. Firstly, escalating temperatures and sunlight

promote ozone formation (Jacob and Winner
2009), which contribute to pulmonary inflammation

4. For one, emotional distress, anxiety, depression and

development towards post-traumatic stress
disorder have been linked to extreme weather

5. Furthermore, urbanization has been postulated to

aggravate effects of heatwaves resulting from the ‘urban
heat island’ phenomenon

Persuasion 1. There has been mounting evidence associating

climate change with extreme weather events

2. Extensive studies conducted have found that climate

change is likely to adversely affect crop productivity

3. there is increasing evidence postulating the potentially

adverse impacts of environmental alterations on health in
more ways than one

4. With emerging evidence linking climate change to air

quality and consequent health impacts, stronger
emphasis is needed on engendering research and
developing efficacious solutions.

5. There is increasing evidence that such environmental

alterations can potentially exacerbate or even reverse
these gains
Division and Clarification 1. Direct impacts of climatic variability a. Weather
extremes
b. Thermal extremes
2. Indirect influences of natural systems
a. Infectious diseases
b. Air quality

3. Impact of human aspects

a. Nutrition
b. Psychological impacts
c. Adaptation and mitigation
- Adaptation
- Mitigation

4. Tackling the health impacts of climate change in the

twenty-first century
a. Introduction
b. Concluding remarks c. Disclosure statement d. Notes
on contributor e. References

5. Indirect effects on psychological health a. disruption of

livelihoods
b. displacement
c. poverty
d. grief
e. bereavement amongst others

Rubrics:

Ratings
Criteria
5 4 3 2 1 Score

The textual evidence

corresponds to the pattern
of development identified.

At least two textual

evidence is provided.

The choice of textual

 evidence is appropriate to
how it is used in the article
(context-
appropriate).

Total /15

PERFORMANCE TASK IN READING AND WRITING SKILLS 11

Third Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023
Name:Youciff Violago, Mhark Bryan Santiago, Eldridge Antonio
Section: 11-Cambridge

General Directions: Read the article of Nicholas Heng entitled The Health Impacts of Climate
Change and analyze how it was organized and developed to achieve a particular purpose.

Mini task No.: 2 Sentence Outlining Due date: January 30, 2023
Instructions:
Follow these guidelines to complete your outline:

1. Title your outline (title of the article).

2. Follow the sample outline format for numbering and lettering.
3. Topics are chief points. Label them I, II, III, etc.
4. Subtopics for each main topic are labeled A, B, C, etc. Each subtopic must include at least
two details.
5. Details for subtopics are labeled 1, 2, 3, etc.
6. Do not place periods after topics or subtopics not stated in the form of a sentence.
7. Begin the main topic, subtopics, and details with capital letters.
8. Maintain a parallel structure throughout the outline; if you start with phrases, don't switch to
sentences.
9. Indent as shown in the example.

Follow this format:

Title: Tackling the health impacts of climate change in the twenty-first century

I. Direct impacts of climatic variability

A. Weather extremes
1. Notably, floods and storms make up the bulk of natural disasters globally,
affecting millions of people and causing significant mortality rates
2. Notably, floods and storms make up the bulk of natural disasters globally,
affecting millions of people and causing significant mortality rates
(Guha-Sapir, Hoyois, and Below 2016).
B. Thermal extremes
1. With studies consistently showing elderly people to be more susceptible to
heat-related mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular and respiratory
dysfunction (Åström, Bertil, and Joacim 2011), coupled with current trends
pointing towards an ageing population, acknowledging these risks and
determining the next step becomes exceedingly essential.
2. Aside from that, increasing occurrences of heat waves in recent years are
 posing a major concern to human health, and have been linked to a rise in
deaths, especially in the elderly (McMichael, Woodruff, and Hales 2006).

II. Indirect influences of natural systems

A. Infectious diseases
1. Dengue fever is particularly important due to its rising global incidence with
almost half of the world’s population at risk (WHO 2016b), and causing 390
million infections annually (Bhatt et al. 2013). Indeed, the spread of dengue
fever was found to be heavily influenced by climatic variables – rising
temperatures and humidity (Naish et al. 2014).
2. While warmer temperatures were associated with malaria incidence
(Alonso, Bouma, and Pascual 2010), supported by recent locally transmitted
outbreaks in Greece (Danis et al. 2011), its endemicity and geographical
extent have declined, with limited impact of temperature changes due to
economic development and disease control measures (Gething et al.
2010).
B. Air quality
1. Firstly, escalating temperatures and sunlight promote ozone formation
(Jacob and Winner 2009), which contribute to pulmonary inflammation
(Kinney 2008). Indeed, studies have associated ozone with respiratory and
circulatory mortality (Turner et al. 2016), including more asthma-related
hospital admissions and deaths (D’Amato et al. 2015)
2. Aside from these, climate change mediated temperature and precipitation
rises, as well as increased carbon dioxide concentrations, have resulted in
elevated aeroallergen release and severity (Reid and Gamble 2009). This
can then contribute to allergic diseases and aggravate respiratory illnesses
(Kinney 2008).

III. Impact of human aspects

A. Nutrition
1. However, the effects that climate change has on nutrition extends to
broader aspects too. Firstly, decreasing crop yields from extreme weather,
such as droughts, can drive up food prices (Brown and Funk 2008).
Secondly, climate change can potentiate vector-, water- and food-borne
diseases as discussed above, thereby impinging on nutrition in association
with mortality and morbidity (Smith et al. 2014).
2. Firstly, decreasing crop yields from extreme weather, such as droughts, can
drive up food prices. This has been found to reduce food consumption and
hence, harbour negative effects on health and nutrition, especially in
vulnerable populations living in poverty. Secondly, climate change can
potentiate vector, water- and food-borne diseases as discussed above,
thereby impinging on nutrition in association with mortality and morbidity.
B. Psychological impacts
1. mental health is influenced by climate change both directly and indirectly.
For one, emotional distress, anxiety, depression and development towards
post-traumatic stress disorder have been linked to extreme weather. These
events have also been associated with somatoform disorders, suicidality,
drug and alcohol abuse and risk of child abuse, especially in vulnerable
people with pre-existing mental health conditions.
2. Besides the multitude of physical aspects above, mental health is influenced
by climate change both directly and indirectly. For one, emotional distress,
anxiety, depression and development towards post-traumatic stress disorder
 have been linked to extreme weather (Berry, Bowen, and Kjellstrom 2010;
Smith et al. 2014).

IV. Adaptation and mitigation

A. Adaptation
1. The introduction of a new dengue vaccine, CYD-TDV or Dengvaxia®, in
several countries met with promising results on efficacy and safety (WHO
2016e). The administration of oral cholera vaccines has also demonstrated
usefulness, though more research is required to evaluate cost-effectiveness
and target populations (Harris 2016; Lopez et al. 2014).
2. Food security has also become a critical concern, with measures to boost
nutrition fast gaining traction. These include climate forecasting in
agriculture, water and soil conservation technologies, improved pest and
disease management, and diversification of resources – possibly with
modified or resilient crop varieties better equipped to withstand changing
environments (Vermeulen, Campbell, and Ingram 2012)
B. Mitigation
1. With rising temperatures alongside the urban heat island phenomenon,
reflective roofs and pavements have shown increased albedo, thereby
leading to decreased radiation absorption with a corresponding decrease
in urban temperatures (Santamouris 2012).
2. On a larger scale, sustainable forest and mangrove management (Donato
et al. 2011; Soares-Filho et al. 2010), and viable emission targets have been
advocated (Meinshausen et al. 2009) to mitigate climate change by
improving air quality and dampening temperature rise amongst others,
possibly attenuating its impacts on health (Nowak et al. 2014; Shindell et al.
2012). However, implementation remains complicated, where in the former,
concerns have arisen relating to rights of local communities, funding
uncertainties and lack of accountability (Turnhout et al.2017).

Rubrics:

Ratings
Criteria
5 4 3 2 1 Score

Outline is hierarchically
organized, with clear main
points and an easy to follow
format.

Accurate information is
included in the outline.

Writes clearly and in

complete sentences, no
typos or mistakes in
grammar, spelling,
punctuation, or
capitalization.

Total /15