HYDRAULICS Problem Solving:

1. Calculate the Discharge through the 150 mm diameter orifice shown. Assume C=0.75.
ANSWER
a. 0.160 m3/s
b. 0.150 m3/s
c. 0.140 m3/s
d. 0.130 m3/s
e. Nota

2. A hose and nozzle discharges a horizontal water jet against a nearby vertical plate. The flow rate of water
is 0.03 m3/s and the diameter of the nozzle tip is 35 mm. Find the horizontal force necessary to hold the
plate in place?
ANSWER
a. 936.44 N
b. 935.44 N
c. 934.44 N
d. 932.44 N
e. Nota

3. A vertical triangular gate with top base horizontal is 1.5 m wide and 3.0 m high. It is submerged in oil of
S=0.82 with its top base submerged to a depth of 2.0 m. Det the magnitude and location of the total
hydrostatic pressure acting on one side of the gate?
ANSWER
a. 44.30 KN at 2.167 m from the oil surface
b. 44.30 KN at 3.167 m from the oil surface
c. 54.30 KN at 2.167 m from the oil surface
d. 54.30 KN at 3.167 m from the oil surface
e. Nota

4. In the Figure shown, if the absolute pressure at the bottom of the tank is 231.30 kPa, what is the specific
gravity of olive oil?
ANSWER
a. 1.40
b. 1.39
c. 1.38
d. 1.28
e. 1.18

5. In Capillary action, what happened when the adhesion of molecules is greater than cohesion?
ANSWER
a. Liquid Fall
b. Liquid rise
c. Nothing
d. Nota

6. What is the weight of a 45 Kg boulder if it is brought to a place where the acceleration due to gravity is
395 m/s per minute?

ANSWER
a. 296.30 N
b. 296.25 N
c. 296.20 N
d. 296.15 N
e. 296.10 N
7. A Reservoir of glycerin has a mass of 1250 kg and a volume of 0.50 m 3. Find its Unit wt in KN/m3?
ANSWER
a. 26.525 KN/m3
b. 25.525 KN/m3
c. 24.525 KN/m3
d. 23.525 KN/m3
e. 22.525 KN/m3

8. Compute the magnitude and location of the horizontal and vertical component of the total pressure AB.
The length of the gate is 15.0 m?
ANSWER
a. 12415 KN, 5168.39 KN, 13.89 m
b. 5168.39 KN, 4168.39 KN, 13.89 m
c. 12415 KN, 4168.39 KN, 12.89 m
d. 12415 KN, 5168.39 KN, 12.89 m
e. Nota

9. A pump draws water from a reservoir A and lifts it to reservoir B as shown. The loss of head from A to 1 is
3 times the velocity head in the 150mm pipe and the loss of head from 2 to B is 15 times the velocity head
in the 100mm pipe. When the discharge is 20 l/s compute the horsepower output of the pump in KW.
ANSWER
a. 50 KW
b. 49 KW
c. 48 KW
d. 47 KW
e. 46 KW

10. From Problem no 9, compute the pressure head at point 1 and point 2?
ANSWER
a. 20.74 and 264.64 meters
b. 19.74 and 274.64 meters
c. 20.74 and 274.64 meters
d. 19.74 and 264.64 meters
e. Nota

11. A piece of metal weighs 350 N in air and when it is submerged completely in water weighs 240 N. Find the
Volume of the metal, specific weight of the metal and the specific gravity of the metal?
ANSWER
a. 0.0212 m3, 29.25 KN/m3, 3.29
b. 0.0212 m3, 30.25 KN/m3, 3.29
c. 0.0112 m3, 31.25 KN/m3, 3.19
d. 0.0112 m3, 32.25 KN/m3, 3.19
e. 0.0312 m3, 33.25 KN/m3, 3.39

12. The elasticity and dimensions of the pipe are such that the celerity or pressure wave is 975 m/s. The pipe
diameter is 1.20 m and a valve is located 600.00 m downstream. Water is flowing initially at 0.85 m 3/s?
Det the water pressure at instantaneous valve closure?
ANSWER
a. 731.15 kPa
b. 731.20 kPa
c. 731.25 kPa
d. 731.30 kPa
e. 731.35 kPa
13. From problem no 12, what is the pressure if the valve is closed in 4.0 seconds?
ANSWER
a. 205 kPa
b. 210 kPa
c. 215 kPa
d. 220 kPa
e. 225 kPa

14. From problem no 12, what is the pressure if the valve is manipulated such that the flowrate drops almost
instantly from 0.85 m3/s to 0.28 m3/s?
ANSWER
a. 487.50 kPa
b. 497.50 kPa
c. 498.50 kPa
d. 499.50 kPa
e. 500.50 kPa

15. A cylindrical container 10.0 m high and 4.0 m in diameter is reinforced with two hoops 1.0 m from each
end, calculate the tension in each hoop when it is filled with water?
ANSWER
a. 811.50 and 280.12 KN
b. 813.50 and 283.12 KN
c. 815.50 and 284.12 KN
d. 817.50 and 286.12 KN
e. NOTA

16. A rectangular scow 10.0 m wide, 15.0 m long and 3.7 m high has a draft of 2.40 m in salt water; its center
of gravity is 2.70 m above the bottom. S for salt water is 1.03. Determine the initial metacentric height?
ANSWER
a. 1.67 m
b. 1.77 m
c. 1.87 m
d. 1.97 m
e. NOTA

17. From Problem no 16, if the scow tilts until one side is at the point of submergence, determine the righting
or overturning moment
ANSWER
a. 1912.50 Kn m
b. 2012.50 Kn m
c. 2112.50 Kn m
d. 2212.50 Kn m
e. NOTA

18. An open rectangular tank mounted on a truck is 5.0 m long, 2.0 m wide and 2.5 m high is filled with water
to a depth of 1.50 m. Det the max acceleration without spillage of water?
ANSWER
a. 3.52 m/s2
b. 3.72 m/s2
c. 3.82 m/s2
d. 3.92 m/s2
e. NOTA
19. If the acceleration is increased to 5.0 m/s2, how much water is spilled out?
ANSWER
a. 2.75 m3
b. 2.85 m3
c. 2.95 m3
d. 3.00 m3
e. NOTA

20. From the figure shown, solve for Q through the 100 mm orifice located at the bottom of the tank. Assume
c = 0.65
ANSWER
a. 0.042 m3/s
b. 0.052 m3/s
c. 0.055 m3/s
d. 0.045 m3/s
e. 0.035 m3/s

21. The velocities in a 750mm diameter pipe are measured at 4.6 and 4.4 m/s at r = 0 and r = 100 mm
respectively, For turbulent flow, det the flow rate?
ANSWER
a. 1.50 m3/s
b. 1.60 m3/s
c. 1.70 m3/s
d. 1.80 m3/s
e. 1.82 m3/s

22. A single pipeline X joins pipeline 1, 2 and 3 at junction A and merges again at Junction B to form a single
pipeline Y. Pipelines 1, 2 and 3 are parallel to each other. The pressure head at pt A and pt B is 70 and 46
m respectively. Assuming C =120 for all pipeline, calculate the flow at pipeline 2 if the length of the pipe is
1300 m and the diameter is 200 mm?
ANSWER
a. 0.066 m3/s
b. 0.056 m3/s
c. 0.046 m3/s
d. 0.036 m3/s
e. 0.026 m3/s

23. A trapezoidal channel has a bottom width of 6.0 m and side slopes 2 hor to 1 vertical. When the depth of
flow is 1.20 m, the flow is 20.40 m3/s. Calculate the specific energy?
ANSWER
a. 1.51 m
b. 1.41 m
c. 1.31 m
d. 1.21 m
e. Nota

24. From Problem 23, compute for slope of the channel if n = 0.014
ANSWER
a. 0.00094
b. 0.00084
c. 0.00074
d. 0.00064
e. 0.00054
25. From Problem 23, compute the average shearing stress?
ANSWER
a. 0.0082 kPa
b. 0.0092 kPa
c. 0.0072 kPa
d. 0.0062 kPa
e. 0.0095 kPa

26. Water flows from an almost level channel 3.0 m wide at 12 m 3/s. The depth of water gradually increases
from 1.0 to 1.1 m for a length of flow of 5.0 m. Compute the headloss?
ANSWER
a. 0.03 m
b. 0.04 m
c. 0.05 m
d. 0.06 m
e. 0.07 m

27. Compute the value of roughness coefficient for Prob no 26?

ANSWER
a. 0.017
b. 0.019
c. 0.021
d. 0.015
e. 0.018

28. A jet issued at the rate of 155 l/s at a velocity of 35 m/s strikes a blade moving at the same direction at 20
m/s. The deflection angle of the blade is 150 deg. Neglecting friction in the blade, det the x and y
component of the force exerted by the jet on the blade
ANSWER
a. 1760 N RIGHT, 478 N DOWN
b. 1760 N LEFT, 478 N UP
c. 1860 N RIGHT, 498 N DOWN
d. 1860 N LEFT, 498 N UP
e. NOTA

29. A rectangular canal has a width of 2.75 m. The flow passing through the canal is 2.96 m 3/s and the velocity
of 3.59 m/s. How high is the jump.
ANSWER
a. 75 cm
b. 70 cm
c. 65 cm
d. 60 cm
e. 55 cm

30. A closed conduit with 20 cm diameter is connected to a 15 cm pipe dia pipe. If the pressure head at the
first pipe is 20 m, what is the pressure at pipe 2 carrying water at the rate of 0.50 m 3/s?
ANSWER
a. -77.40 kPA
b. 77.40 kPA
c. -67.40 kPA
d. 77.40 kPA
e. NOTA
31. Det the area of a paddle with a drag of 12 N moving horizontally at 0.60 m/s and Cd=0.45?
ANSWER
a. 0.068 m2
b. 0.038 m2
c. 0.148 m2
d. 0.083 m2
e. NOTA

32. If the maximum flow in a 5.0 m wide rectangular channel is 10 m3/s. What is the critical velocity in m/s.
ANSWER
a. 5.60
b. 2.70
c. 4.20
d. 3.10
e. NOTA

33. If water flows uniformly at the rate of 0.70 m3/s in a rectangular flume with width = 1.0 m at a depth of
0.60 m, what type of flow is it?
ANSWER
a. Super critical
b. Not enough data
c. Sub critical
d. Critical
e. NOTA

34. The headloss in 80 m length of 12 cm dia pipe is 8.0 m. When oil (s=0.90) of viscosity of 0.04 N-s/m2 flows
at 0.05 m3/s, det the centerline velocity?
ANSWER
a. 5.07 m/s
b. 6.07 m/s
c. 4.73 m/s
d. 5.78 m/s
e. NOTA

35. At what velocity should an open cylinder 30 cm in diameter and 90 cm in height containing 45 cm of water
be rotated such that the distance bet the vertex of the paraboloid which is located at the bottom of the
tank and the highest point in the new water surface is 90 cm.
ANSWER
a. 32.05 rad/sec
b. 15.50 rad/sec
c. 28.01 rad/sec
d. 2/3 rad/sec
e. NOTA

36. During a test of a 2.40 m suppressed weir which is 900 mm high, the head was maintained at constant 300
mm high. In 38 secs, 28,800 liters of water were collected. Compute the weir factor C?
ANSWER
a. 1.991
b. 1.891
c. 1.791
d. 1.691
37. Which of the statement is true?.
ANSWER
a. Buoyant force in any body is equal to the fluid displaced.
b. Center of buoyancy is always below the center of mass of stability.
c. Center of mass of the displaced fluid is coincident with center of mass of an object.
d. Nota

38. The hydraulic and energy gradients for a straight pipe with uniform diameter are parallel with each other
because of:
ANSWER
a. Uniform Velocity
b. Uniform Pressure Drop
c. Constant slope of pipe
d. Constant acceleration
e. NOTA

39. The gravity fed distribution system will have a flat or level hydraulic gradient or pressure surface when
ANSWER
a. Pipes are made bigger and bigger from source to the end
b. The pipe size are uniform
c. There are no leaks and no widtharawal from the system
d. Terrain is flat
e. Flow is less

40. Which of the following statements is not in accordance with Pascal’s Law
ANSWER
a. The pressure is the same in all directions at any point in a fluid at rest.
b. The pressure applied at any point to a liquid in a closed vessel is transmitted undiminished to every
portion of the vessel
c. A body submerged in a fluid apparently weighs less by an amount equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced
d. NOTA