METROLOGY

L
VIDEO Science measurements
of
*
Measuring Instruments
mmmm mmmm

① Vernier Callipers
→ Least count

LC of VC ( in wid ) =
0.02mm

- How to calculate LC ? Ims

C.

.ee#vegncieae
{totaemiduiwy Yea
a) LC = least value on MS

= 1mm = 0.02 mm

←
b) SO VSD =
49 MSD

(Fo )
i vs D= MSD

:b
ago
goth
=
.
Imm

LL =
I MSD -

1USD
.

"

f yao )
=
mm i
-

:
.

i i
=
0.02 mm i
10×5=50 !
! divn !
 Parts
→
of Vic .

Intef 'd
"→
→ Logging (to lock
reading )
PED p
measurement Thumb /
should
-

be done → Entomol Depth

HTT Grange
b¥Eep Jaw
n=y=z

4
ways of taking reading n
y, 2- 2
-
-

backside

making markings

Bayside
for
lo.gg
-
-

used

se
-
Aa
*

Msrtvsr
Reading
€.at#eomi..snciaes)
→ =

↳ number of dim

X L
- L
② Screw
Grange Distance travelled
in l complete
→ Least count naotatuiooistethe
T

-
L C -
( i. v .
) = 0.01mm

-
L C
- =
pitch circular
no .

of
diver

=
Emm -
0.01 mm

50

→ Parts of Scr :

Thimble C? )
Mains line
measuring tips reference
( carbide
) Locking ( ratchet

X Lt
* ←
'

IAI
.
-
'
firmer scale

Anvil
) ( movabk# spindle y
( hardened )
a
'
)
fixed
.

( steel

Fortune
a e
.

I '

OF '

Coast steel)
a

i.
'
Bjiirfauoi
Rotate
→
Usage - a

2-3 clicks
-
Thimble ratchet are
l l
sufficient
To cover the Used final for
distance b/w measurement
the
tips
measuring setting
 Then lock the with lever
reading
-

Final MSR t CSR

reading
→ =

visible of
(cginfidue.se )
no dim that
div n
-

Max
with
on main scale

x c. c

Eg .

iii. a. iii.
¥÷
"

=
4.5mm t 37 X o OI mm
.

=
4.87mm

③ Dial
Gauge
Used as a indirect
comparator
→

measurement
-

( unlike V. c. & S G
) . .

→ L C . = leastvalue on MS
total diva on

scale
auxiliary
= 1mm = 0.01 mm

100
→
parts of DG

Revolution a
counter
8

Main d

Scale
A-
unitary # 1
pointer ,
f
Auxiliary ←

scale fine
asdjreswtment
(
Plunger
magb¥ze)
on/off
G- magnet)
or

→
Applications

test
① Flatness
If there is no

flection
surface is
flat

move
the
block FIX

I l l l l l
l l l l l
② Parallelism Test
=D Move the DG

FIX

*
: 'm't
n . are we

③
Perpendicularity
(
test

Eg
.
to check
if movement of drill-

bit is tr or not while

drilling

-5
•

⇐
A =

move
confirmation)
(
H Ir
no
deflection -
 4 test
Circularity

Rotate a
. •

/ D
¥
circular
no devs
if (change
orientation)

④ Slip Gauge
→
Reference standards for measurement
( in ) mm

01mm
O
'

's
+
-5mm
83 Sg ng to
-
' .
.
. u
i
'
"
.

'

i -
'

139
-

2 .
.
-
i

special
3 soo ,

! Ff 71.819
4
"° .

S
, .

/
6

steel
alloy
to heat
→
Sg 's shudnt be
exposed
dimensional variations
-
can
cause
 Distance btw 1
shiny
1
→ • i 2
5 20 f smooth faces
/ /

lengththe
Emm) mentioned
/ I =

I f on
face .

/
M l
l l
a-
20mm

" - mm

•
Orientation to be
placed in : O
s
E

- as > Y' > was

→ Least combination Rule

a) 39.23mm

ggt 123
Least combination =3
Sg
's

1.23+30+8
↳
=
30

I 8
O

b) 25.365 2436¥23 -20,3-3,0

e) 4g
665-sh966-st806-4. I T #T0S
.

iffy
×
stig
 (¥s→4ot7StLsg
-

More the number of Sg 's

-

more the
error .

Wringing method
Joining say's together
→ :
.

Process
±jde
L . %
\ i.

-
Reasons
i
) surface tension ( water vapour oil )
{if
wax
, ,

Amino BEFeaetraction
(
Cui th
the
of pressure
app adhere
2
super finished surfaces
each other )
stick
together
*
Expended
'LLanglemeasurementmnn
i
L2
i.

i
i
! . - - - - - -

It
.

so I .

.
-

I
÷
,
TD

= rolled tano 22h

drillbit h La-4
Of

.
=
slip gauge LI
2

Take 3
-
observations

h Ll L2 O -
- tan
'(22hpm)
hi n
Yi
hz N
Yz
h3 N
Y3

Ll I L2 measured V C
using
→ -
.
*
Eypz=nBadiusofwrudarsurfacemn
cylinder

- - -
ok - - - - - - - -

cut
-
=p

R =
?
ed
.

→
Formula go megas
Hatchet
M

?
p
p
ME
÷ ÷ .
,i 3
CM d)
Ft
'

E
" ' '
R
iz
= -

→
Procedure
of drillbit SG
① Measure d
using .

② Clamp the
( approx @
workpiece
centre )
on
surface plate

try
pass
to
-
pass paper
proper
underneath -

it dust
③ Measure M Vrc
using .
 *
EHE-fialfraugeamp.cat
↳ Indirect measurement
of dim"
of obj
→
Procedure :

① Find S blocks
dim
of the
"

using V. C

S@nPgfa eeggi s seot t n ol e egg.t h beneat h D.G

avg
.
.

( n)
say

[
.

put

Not
necessary
.
i
but
-
e
you
done
can take an
arbitrary
value
of Sg for convenience

* £

i.
.

i. g
I b
got lot
-

10
t y
30
-

③ Place other blocks under Abs .

I measure
deviation CS )

④ Actual = N t
g (th )
length c.
w/ la . c.w
*
Eafht AXfmzmfsingsineB.am
-

→
Formula

bar
Sine
±
ja
Workpiece
w/ /
• "
n

i 10
. am
ap here)
v

y ↳
I

slip gauge
since =
n-y_ -

L=i25mm]
In vid :

( nj )
'
sin
-

• =

block)
yCapered
→ Procedure

① Place bar
on sine with
arbitrary
x
sg .
aus
)
② Do test with DG bow
parallelism
top surface of 2
ground .
③
Adjust
until
slip gauges Cn )
HU
as
necessary