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Science
Q3 Module 1: Types of Volcanoes and
Volcanic Eruption-Week 1

SDO Taguig City and Pateros

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science Grade 9 Hybrid Module on Volcanoes!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from
public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners
meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the
needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 9 Hybrid Module on Volcanoes!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill,
action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and accomplish. Hence, the
hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to
successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your
academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be helped to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let’s Learn

In Grade 8, you have learned about the relationship between the occurrence of
earthquakes and the location of the Philippines along the Ring of Fire. Due to its location, the
Philippines is home to many volcanoes. This module will guide you through the study of
volcanism in the Philippines.

After going through with this module, you are expected to:
1. describe the structure of a volcano and its parts;
2. describe the types of volcano based on structure and activity;
3. differentiate between active and inactive volcanoes and give examples of each
type which are found in the Philippines; and
4. describe the different types of volcanic eruption and Enumerate the signs of an
impending volcanic eruption.

Let’s Try

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the BEST answer on the
space provided before the number.
_____ 1. What is TRUE about an active volcano?
A. has not had an eruption for at least 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt
again in a comparable time scale of the future.
B. is a volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years.
C. is a volcano that is not erupting, but supposed to erupt again.
D. are expected to erupt again at some point, despite being dormant for thousands of
years.
____ 2. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma emission?
A. age B. size C. shape D. location
____ 3. If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can
they infer about the volcano?
A. It is dormant.
B. It is probably about to erupt.
C. It is extinct.
D. It is a good source of geothermal energy.
____ 4. What triggers the small earthquakes that occur around a volcano before an
eruption?
A. upward movement of magma
B. pyroclastic flow
C. cooling magma inside the crust
D. plate movements

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____ 5. Which of the following is not an indicator of a volcanic eruption?
A. swelling or changing shape of volcano
B. weather patterns
C. earthquake frequency
D. release of different gases from the volcano

For numbers 6 to 8, choose from the illustration. A

Which among the following volcanoes is formed from:

____ 6. Cinders and ash? B

____ 7. Mostly lava?

____ 8. Alternate solidification of lava and cinders?

C

____ 9. Tall, cone-shaped mountains in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash are
called.
A. shield volcanoes. C. cinder cone volcanoes.
B. composite volcanoes. D. lava plateaus.
____ 10. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines?
A. Apo in Davao C.Bud Datu in Sulu
B. Isarog in Camarines Sur D.Kanlaon in Negros Oriental
____ 11. Which of the following are active volcanoes?
I. Mayon in Albay II.Taal in Batangas
III. Vulcan in Camiguin IV. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental
A. I and II only C. II and III only
B. I, II and III only D. I, II and IV only
____ 12. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma
emission?
A. age B. size C. shape D. location
____ 13. Several kilometers from a volcano, a geologist observes an old lava flow made up
of dark-colored basalt rock. The geologist infers that the lava must have had ___________.
A. high silica content. C. high viscosity.
B. low viscosity. D. medium viscosity.
____ 14. If a volcano’s magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably _________.
A. erupt quietly. C. remain dormant.
B. erupt explosively. D. produce dark-colored lava.
____ 15. An eruption resulting from the interaction of new magma or lava with water and can
be very explosive. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff,
a lake or the sea.
A. Phreatic C. Phreatomagmatic
B. Vulcanian D. Strombolian

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

Use the link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://forms.gle/SCRrMhCrLL2z1yMX9
Write your score on the given circle.

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 Lesson Types of Volcano and Volcanic
1 Eruption

Let’s Recall

Draw or paste a picture of a

volcano on the box provided.

Based on your drawing/picture, give four descriptions of a volcano. Present your answer in a
concept map as shown below.

Volcano

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 Let’s Explore
Activity 1: Volcanoes in the Philippines
Materials:
Philippine map, colored pens, ruler

Procedure:
1. Using the Philippine map (Fig. 1), plot the location of the following volcanoes.
Assign colors for the volcanoes. Indicate this in the legend.

Table 1. List of some volcanoes in the Philippines

Number of
Volcano Latitude Longitude historical Latest eruption
eruption
Cabaluyan 15° 42′ 120° 19′ 0 -
Cocoro 10° 53′ 121° 12′ 0 -
Iraya 20° 29′ 124° 1 1454
Kanlaon 10° 24′ 123° 7′ 26 2017
Mayon 13° 15′ 123° 41′ 50 2018
Pulung 7° 55′ 124° 38′ 0 -
Smith 19° 32′ 121° 55′ 6 1924
Taal 14° 120° 59′ 34 2020
Tamburok 11° 33′ 124° 26′ 0 -
Urot 5° 59′ 121° 15′ 0 -
(Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology)

Guide Questions:
1. Are all the volcanoes found in the same location?

2. Which of the volcanoes had the greatest number of eruptions?

Least number of eruptions?
No record of eruption?

3. How will you classify the volcanoes that have records of eruptions?

4. How will you classify volcanoes with no record of eruption?

5. In your own words, differentiate an active volcano from an inactive one.

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 Fig. 1. Map of the Philippines (Source: Gr 8 LM, UPNISMED)

Legend:
= volcano that has no record of eruption
= volcano that has erupted 1 to 5 times
= volcano that has erupted 6 to 10 times
= volcano that has erupted more than 10 times

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 Let’s Elaborate

What is a volcano?
• A vent, hill or mountain from which molten or hot rocks with gaseous material have
been ejected.
• Also craters, depressions, hills or mountains formed by the removal of pre-existing
material or by the accumulation of ejected materials. (PHIVOLCS), Philippine Institute of
Volcanology and Seismology.

The external parts of a volcano.

Summit
Slope
Base

Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes, and each structure has a unique history
of eruption. However, volcanologists have been able to classify them according to their
landforms and eruptive patterns. We have considered the three general volcanic types
according to the shape of their cones: namely: composite, cinder cones, and shield volcanoes.

• Stratovolcano (or composite volcano) — a conical volcano consisting of layers of

solid lava flows mixed with layers of other rock. It is also the most common type of
Volcano found in the Philippines.

• Cinder cone volcano — doesn’t have any horizontal layer and is instead a steep
conical hill of tephra (volcanic debris) that accumulates around and downwind from the
vent.

• Shield volcano — a type of volcano built entirely or mostly from fluid lava vents. They
are named like this because when viewed from above, you can see just how massive
and imposing they are – like a warrior’s shield.

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 The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology classifies volcanoes according to
their eruptive history namely: Active, Potentially Active and Inactive Volcanoes.

• Active Volcano - Erupted within historical times (within the last 600 years), accounts
of these eruptions were documented by man erupted within the last 10,000 years
based on the analyses of material from young volcanic deposits. Visit this site
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-
philippines to see a list of active volcanoes and their location in the Philippines.
• Potentially Active Volcano - Morphologically young-looking but with no historical or
analytical records of eruption.
• Dormant Volcano - A type of volcano which has not erupted for at least 2,000 years
but, is expected to erupt again.
• Inactive Volcano - No recorded eruptions for at least 10,000 years, the physical form
has been intensively weathered and eroded, bearing deep and long gullies.

Types of Volcanic Eruption

• Strombolian and Hawaiian eruptions

These are the least violent types of explosive eruptions. Hawaiians have fire fountains and
lava flows, whereas Strombolian eruptions have explosions causing lava fragments.

• Vulcanian eruptions
These eruptions are small to moderate explosive eruptions, lasting seconds to minutes.
Ash column can be up to 20 km in height, and lava blocks and bombs may be ejected from
the vent.
• Subplinian and Plinian eruptions
Eruptions with a high rate of magma discharge, sustained for minutes to hours. They form a
tall eruption column of a mixture of gas and rock particles, and can cause wide dispersion of
ash.
• Phreatic eruptions
An eruption driven by the heat from magma interacting with water. The water can be
groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake or the sea. This type of eruption
pulverize surrounding rocks and can produce ash, but do not include new magma.

• Phreatomagmatic eruptions
An eruption resulting from the interaction of new magma or lava with water and can be very
explosive. The water can be from groundwater, hydrothermal systems, surface runoff, a lake
or the sea.

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To Learn more about the different types of volcanic eruption, you may visit the link below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iic5VEpIdgE
You may take down notes and share it to your classmates in Facebook and Messenger.

Let’s Dig In
Activity 2: Types of Volcanoes
Part 1
Directions: Label the parts to the volcano using the word bank.

Word bank
Lava
Conduit
Vent
Earth’s Crust
Earth’s Mantle
Magma chamber
Side vent
Crater
Ash and dust

Part 2
Directions: The term volcano refers to the landform that develops as materials from a volcano
harden. The shape and structure of a volcano is determined by the nature of its eruptions and the
materials ejected. Visit this site https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html to complete the following
chart:

SHIELD COMPOSITE CINDER CONE

Describe how the

volcano is formed.

Describe what each

volcano looks like.

Give an example.

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 Activity 3: Video Analysis

Watch the two video clips by clicking on the links below.

Hawaii's Lava Flow Is a Mesmerizing Pinatubo Explosion at Clark Air Base,

Force | Short Film Showcase by Philippines Part 1 Video Clip By
National Geographic Lastog 561 www.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S
E2NO7HnU Me0VPQftscyoutube.com

Read and answer the questions that follow after watching the two videos.

1. How will you describe the eruption of Kilauea volcano?

2. How will you compare the eruption of Kilauea to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991?

3. Why do you think we have many volcanoes in the Philippines several of which are active?

Let’s Remember

Directions: Supply the missing information in each box.

Volcano
Type
according
to activity

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 Volcano
Type
according
to shape

Let’s Apply

Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines is an active volcano that has an elevation of 1,486
meters and was located in Zambales. It erupted in 1991 which was one of the largest on record
during the 20th century. It ejected roughly ten billion tons onto the surrounding landscape and
millions of tons of sulfur dioxide gas into the atmosphere. The evacuation radius was increased
to 40 kilometers. However, the volcanic ash and rain from Typhoon Yunya, which hit at the
same time, formed heavy muds that rained down on densely populated areas. About 200
people died from collapsed roofs.
QUESTIONS:
1. What kind of a volcano is Mount Pinatubo?
2. When did it erupt? What are the recorded casualties?
3. Why do you think people keep on living near the volcanoes?
4. What benefits can we get from volcanoes?
5. How do volcanic eruptions affect society?

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 Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the BEST answer on the
space provided before the number.
____ 1. Mt. Mayon is an example of a ________ volcano because ____________.
A. cinder cone, is formed exclusively of pyroclastic materials.
B. composite, is composed of alternating layers of pyroclastic fragments and
solidified lava flows.
C. shield, is constructed of solidified lava flows.
D. caldera, was created when the summit was blown off by exploding gases.
____ 2. Which type of volcanoes have broad bases and steep sides, usually have a large
crater at the top and are formed by alternating layers of magma and ash?
A. Cinder cones C. Shield volcanoes
B. Composite volcanoes D. Calderas
____ 3. Which type of volcano is presently not erupting, has not erupted in recent history
and that is unlikely to do so for a very long time in the future?
A. Active volcano C. Dormant volcano
B. Extinct volcano D. Inactive volcano
____ 4. Which best describes a dormant volcano?
A. a volcano that is presently not erupting and that is unlikely to do so for a very long
time in the future.
B. it is currently erupting or shows signs of unrest activities.
C. not presently erupting but has erupted in the past and is likely to erupt again in the
future.
D. also called sleeping volcano because it is presently inactive but could erupt again.

The diagram below shows a volcano. Use the diagram to answer questions 5, 6, and 7.

____ 5. Which type of volcano is shown in the diagram?

A. cinder cone
B. shield volcano
C. composite volcano
____ 6. Which kind or kinds of eruptions has this volcano had?
A. quiet eruptions
B. explosive eruptions
C. both quiet eruptions and explosive eruptions

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____ 7. Which kinds of materials are likely to erupt next?
A. lava and magma
B. ash, cinders, and bombs
C. magma and bombs
____ 8. When a volcano erupts quietly, what kind of mountain forms?
A. shield volcano
B. cinder cone
C. composite volcano
____ 9. A volcano that has had no activity for quite a long time is said to be__________.
A. active C. extinct
B. sleeping D. dormant
____ 10. Each volcanic eruption is unique in its __________.
A. style of eruption. C. type of volcanic cone that forms.
B. composition of volcanic rocks that form. D. all of these
____ 11. This type of volcano has a gentle eruption with oozing lava flows.
A. Shield C. Composite
B. Cinder Cone D. All types of Volcanoes
____ 12. Good can come from a volcanic eruption. Which of the following is not a benefit
from an eruption?
A. Geothermal Energy C. Increased tourism
B. Fertile soil D. land destroyed
____ 13. Volcanic eruptions cause destruction, but they are also _________________.
A. helpful because they help with solar power
B. helpful because they destroy land
C. harmful because they create fertile soil
D. beneficial because they provide usable minerals
____ 14. Volcanoes are common in the Philippines because we are in the area called ____.
A. the Pacific Fire Ring
B. the Pacific Fire band
C. the Pacific Hotspot
D. the Pacific Ring of Fire
____ 15. What determines the formation of the type of volcano?
A. the amount of earthquakes prior to the eruption
B. the weather at the time of the eruption
C. the location of the volcano
D. the type of eruption

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

Use the link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://forms.gle/n9Znt5QCg3Kb5HVHA
Write your score on the given circle.

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 Let’s Extend

You are a volcanologist from Bicol. On your way back to your hometown, you saw the
destruction brought about by the eruption of Mayon Volcano. You decided to invite your
colleagues to come with you on your next visit with a mission, that is, to create awareness
among your town mates about volcanic hazards – before, during, and after a volcanic eruption.
Decide on how you will accomplish your mission.

Your presentation will be rated based on the following criteria:

• Details and information
• Method of presentation
• Techniques/creativity
• Accuracy

Criteria Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited

4 3 2 1
Details and Has included at Has included 4 Has included 3 Has included only 2
Information least 5 things to things to things to things to remember
remember remember remember before, during, and
before, during, before, during, before, during, after a volcanic
and after a and after a and after a eruption
volcanic volcanic volcanic
eruption eruption eruption
Method of Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is Presentation is not
presentation easy to unique but not not unique but unique and not
understand, organized organized organized
unique, and
exemplary.
Techniques / Well prepared Well prepared Variety of props Limited props
Creativity with a variety of but limited or materials or materials
pops or props or used to create used to create
materials used materials used an adequate an image
to create a to create an image that is which
powerful image interesting moderately minimally
about what to image about suitable about appeals to or is
do before, what to do what to do not suitable
during and after before, during before, during about what to
volcanic and after and after do before,
eruption. volcanic volcanic during and
eruption eruption after volcanic
eruption
Accuracy Information Information Information Information
contains contains minor contains errors contains many
essentially no errors, none of that somewhat errors which limit
errors which which interfere interferes with the clarity of
interfere with with the clarity the clarity of communication
the clarity of of communication
communication communication

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References
Printed Materials:
Science Learner’s Material 9, Department of Education

Electronic Sources:
https://studylib.net/doc/9857186/worksheet---lava-and-types-of-volcanoes
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/types.html
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/introduction-to-
volcanoes
https://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/types-of-volcano/
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/volcano-hazard/volcanoes-of-the-
philippines
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/volcano-satellite-images/
https://www.vmgd.gov.vu/vmgd/index.php/geohazards/volcano/volcano-info/types-of-
volcanoes-eruptions

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 Development Team of the Module
Writer: MARISSA G. ALOJADO, TI

Editor:
Content Evaluators: MARY CRIS A. CAGUING
Language Evaluator:
Reviewer:
Illustrator: VICTOR G. TALEON, TI
Layout Artist: VICTOR G. TALEON, TI
HYBRID MODULE TEAM:
DR. MELEDA POLITA – SDS (Team Leader)
DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ – (School Principal IV-WBNHS)
JAYAR E. LONGASA – MT I (WBNHS)
Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO, EPS-SCIENCE
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

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