What is an What is a

What is ionic What is an anion and cation and

bonding? ion? how is it how is it
formed? formed?
Recall the formulae
for the following
ions:
What charge What charge What charge a) Hydroxi
does the does the does the b)
de ion
Nitrate
calcium ion fluorine ion aluminium ion
c) Carbona
have? have? ion have? te ion
d) Sulphat
e ion

Recall the Draw the dot Draw the dot Draw the dot
electronic
an cross an cross an cross
configuration
diagram for diagram for diagram for
for the lithium
atom and the sodium calcium magnesium
 The electrostatic
A cation is a positive An anion is a negative force of attraction
ion. It is formed when ion. It is formed when between positive and
an atom loses one or an atom gains one or negative ions.
A charged atom e.g.
more electrons more electrons
Na is an atom but Na+
is an ion
e.g. Mg loses two e.g. Cl gains one
electrons to become electron to become Cl-
Mg2+

Al is in group 3. It has F is in group 7. It has

a) OH- Ca is in group 2. It has
3 electrons on the 7 electrons on the
b) NO3- 2 electrons on the
outside shell. It loses 3 outside shell. It gains
c) CO32- outside shell. It loses 2
electrons to form an 1 electron to form a F-
d) SO42- electrons to form a
Al3+ ion. ion.
Ca2+ ion.

Li atom = 2,1
Li+ ion = 2
 Why doe
Explain why Why do all
magnesium
magnesium ionic structures Describe the
chloride have a
oxide has a high have high structure of an
higher melting
melting and melting and ionic crystal
points than
boiling point (4) boiling points?
sodium chloride

Draw a diagram to
represent the
positions of the
ions in a crystal of
sodium chloride
It has a 3-D lattice structure
held together by the
attraction between
oppositely charged ions
Magnesium chloride contains
Mg2+ ions whereas sodium
chloride contains Na+ ions. There
is a greater force of attraction
between the Mg2+ and the Cl-
ions than there is between the
Na+ and Cl- ions. More energy is
needed to overcome the forces in
MgCl2.
• They contain • It has a giant ionic
strong electrostatic lattice structure.
• It contains strong
forces of attraction
electrostatic forces of
between the attraction between the
oppositely charges oppositely charges ions.
ions. • A lot of energy is
• A lot of energy is needed to overcome
needed to overcome these forces.
these forces.