Mhel James A.

De Ocampo
BPAPFM 1-1 STB

The Contemporary World

Activity 4
GLOBAL ECONOMY

Process Questions:

1. What is the impact of global flows on the global south?

As I have learned during the impact of global flows is that the strong economic expansion of
developing countries like China, India, Brazil, and South Africa has produced a fundamental
upheaval in the global economy over the last two decades. The economic center of gravity is
relentlessly shifting southward. The amazing increase in South-South collaboration between
developing countries must be understood in the context of this bigger tale.
Globalization, in my opinion, can both diminish int ernational economic disparity and
exacerbate home economic inequality. The World Bank and other institutions have coined the
phrase "Global South" to describe countries on one side of the underlying global North–South
split, with the Global North on the other. The vast majority of these countries are found in or
close to the tropics.

2. Examine the gap between rural and urban areas across the globe. How the gap is affected
globalization?

The connection between agriculture and urbanization is investigated. Significant changes in land
use have occurred in the United States as a result of substantial migration from rural to urban
areas. Although the amount of land converted to urban uses is increasing, it has minimal impact
on total crop production. As agricultural functions have shifted to the city, the technological
change of agriculture has had far-reaching consequences, acting as a push-pull on the city-ward
flow of people. With significant numbers of urban residents working for farms, energy and
chemical fertilizers are now sourced from urban areas. Yields per acre and each farm worker
have increased dramatically, ensuring that agricultural needs are fully supplied. Americans have
migrated up the food chain as a result of urbanization and growing purchasing power. The
demand for high-priced animal products is increasing. As a result of these dynamics, solid waste
generation in cities and on farms has skyrocketed. The organic matter cycle has been exploded
by urbanization and changed agriculture. Each year in the United States, the nitrogen thrown
away in farm and urban organic wastes equals 137 percent of the nitrogen in all chemical
fertilizers. China, on the other hand, maintains its organic matter cycle and feeds a population
 four times ours on an equal agricultural area. Future planning must address the issues of
inefficient land use, overcrowding in cities, and the difficulties of recovering the organic matter
cycle.

3. What do you think is the impact of urbanization and the rise of the global city on the agricultural
sector?
For me I think when urban areas offer higher productivity, shifting resources from the rural to
urban sector leads to increased economic growth in the country as the rate of urbanization
rises. Demand and supply side economics are critical in this stage of development. Malnutrition,
pollution-associated health disorders and communicable diseases, poor sanitation and housing
conditions, and linked health conditions are some of the major health concerns caused by
urbanization. The quantity of people, their activities, and the rising demands on resources all
have an impact on the physical environment. Urbanization has significant health impacts,
primarily owing to pollution and overcrowding. It can also put additional strain on food
distribution systems. Post-globalization urbanization patterns reveal stronger population
increase and concentration in places with larger class sizes. Service industries are increasingly
contributing to urban economic growth, with manufacturing's proportion of the economy
dropping and labour productivity rising.

4. In case of the Philippines, how much do you think are we involved in the modern world- system?
What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of being part of such?

For me as I think the modern world system arrived when technology has arrived in the
Philippines, but it has not yet been p roperly deployed. Although government agencies have
adopted digital and online platforms, procedures continue to be dependent on analog methods.
The Internal Revenue Service, for example, is already available online in every state. In theory,
any taxpayer can modify information from anywhere. However, if a person wants to amend or
update their personal information, they must go to the tax district where they last registered. In
my experience, I've had to travel to Metro Manila merely to transfer from one district to
another when they could have just made it on the present district. They are, however,
continuing to carry out processes as if the agency were still operational. For me, I believe we are
strongly involved since we are inextricably linked to the current world system because we earn
money by importing other countries' resources for the benefit of other countries. According to
my research, the Philippines exports a variety of commodities such as bananas, coconuts,
petroleum, and, in particular, coconut oil, which dominates the export market. We don't just
export commodities; we also send employees and local services to the Middle East and other
parts of Asia. We have also been colonized twice, first by the Spanish colony and then by the
United States. The benefits of being a part of the modern world system are that we remain
economically dependent on the core in a variety of ways that tend to reinforce one another, but
the disadvantage is that there is no equality because there are countries with great income and
riches.
 5. How can we “upgrade” our economy given the strength of the global economy, especially the
giant economies like the United States and Japan?

For me we must make better investments in education, infrastructure, and research and
development, and rethink energy's relationship with the environment. The economy of a
country is based on the various sectors that exist there. Agriculture, transportation, and
information technology are all busy in countries like India. Other sectors are not given the same
weight. We need to advance technology in existing industries, such as farming, to boost
agricultural yield and, as a result, GDP. There should be a greater variety of career opportunities
available, rather than just one type. Many engineers, for example, are unfit for the job because
they were compelled to do it. As a result, other, less vital, sectors remain empty. Giving
teenagers financial education is crucial steps that can help them find more efficient strategies to
achieve financial independence.

6. How do we examine economic globalization considering our colonial history?

For me we can examine economic globalization by learning and understanding the paradigm
change between closed door mercantile systems, economic globalization can take into account
colonial history. It's the open door economy of colonialism, where everyone can trade and do
business with anyone else. It isn't obvious to everyone that ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION is, in
fact, Neo-colonialism . The stockholders of large corporations and financial institutions benefit
from this arrangement because they make significant profits by operating overseas and dodging
health and environmental restrictions while receiving tax savings. Third-world countries like ours
profit from this by having more sources of revenue and a higher standard of living, as evidenced
by the fact that we are practically grabbing scraps from under the tables of global corporations
today. GLOBALIZATION is here to stay; all we have to do now is adapt to it and the unfair system
that already exists. We can only hope that things will improve in the future, but for now, this is
it.

Activity 3 : A New Economic of the World

In order to visualize Immanuel Wallerstein’s idea of the modern world- system, this activity will
involve a construction of a “new” map of the world. The foundation of constructing this map is the three
hierarchies of areas in the modern world system .

1. Identify whether the following countries fall under core, periphery, or semi- periphery category.

AUSTRALIA CHINA INDONESIA MALAYSIA PHILIPPINES SUDAN

BANGLADESH FRANCE ITALY MEXICO SINGAPORE TURKEY
BRAZIL GERMANY JAPAN NEPAL SOUTH AFRICA UK
CANADA HUNGARY KENYA NIGERIA SPAIN USA
CHILE INDIA MADAGASCAR PANAMA SRI LANKA URUGUAY

Core Peripheral Semi-Peripheral

JAPAN BRAZIL NEPAL
GERMANY MEXICO PHILIPPINES
FRANCE INDIA CHILE
USA NIGERIA SOUTH AFRICA
UK CHINA TURKEY
ITALY MADAGASCAR BRAZIL
AUSTRALIA URUGUAY MALAYSIA
CANADA INDONESIA PANAMA
CHINA KENYA SUDAN
SPAIN BANGLADESH
SINGAPORE SRI LANKA
HUNGARY

2. Group the map according to the category of the country in which they belong.
3. Put the core countries at the center. Surround the core countries with the states under the
semi- periphery. Place the peripheral countries as the outer ring of the map.

4.
 4. Compare the map you created with the original world map.

Activity 4.
1. Browse the internet and search for the economy of the following countries.
a. Singapore
Singapore's economy is a well-developed free-market economy. [The World Economic
Forum has placed Singapore's economy as the most open, least corrupt, and pro-business in
the world. Singapore has low tax rates and the world's second-highest purchasing power
parity per capita GDP (PPP). Singapore is the headquarters of the Asia-Pacific Economic
Cooperation (APEC).
b. Indonesia
Indonesia has the largest economy in Southeast Asia and is a developing market economy.
Indonesia is considered as a newly industrialized country because it is an upper-middle
income country and a member of the G20. [30] It has the 17th highest nominal GDP and the
7th largest GDP (PPP). Indonesia's Internet economy, estimated at US$40 billion in 2019, is
predicted to reach US$130 billion by 2025.[31] Indonesia is reliant on domestic market and
government budget spending, as well as its ownership of state-owned firms (the central
government owns 141 enterprises). In Indonesia's market economy, the administration of
prices for a variety of essential items (including rice and electricity) is also important. Since
 the 1990s, however, Individual Indonesians and foreign firms have controlled the majority of
the economy since the 1990s.
c. Malaysia

According to the International Monetary Fund, Malaysia's economy is the fourth largest in
Southea st Asia and the 38th largest in the world. [Labour productivity in Malaysia is
significantly higher than in neighboring Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines, or Vietnam, due
to a high density of knowledge-based industries and the adoption of cutting-edge
manufacturing and digital economy technology. According to the Global Competitiveness
Report 2019, Malaysia's economy is the world's 27th most competitive, and one of the top
ten countries to implement a digital legal framework.

d. Vietnam

Vietnam's economy is a mixed socialist-oriented market economy that is the world's 37th
largest by nominal GDP and the world's 23rd largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) in
2020. Vietnam is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation, and the World Trade Organization.
Vietnam has transitioned from a highly centralized command economy to a mixed economy
since the mid-1980s, during the I Mi reform phase. With the help of an open market-based
economy, this economy uses both directive and suggestive planning through five-year plans.
e. Cambodia
Vietnam's economy is a mixed socialist-oriented market economy that is the world's 37th
largest by nominal GDP and the world's 23rd largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) in
2020. Vietnam is a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific
Economic Cooperation, and the World Trade Organization.
Vietnam has transitioned from a highly centralized command economy to a mixed economy
since the mid-1980s, during the I Mi reform phase. With the help of an open market-based
economy, this economy uses both directive and suggestive planning through five-year plans.
f. Myanmar

According to the World Bank, Myanmar's economy has a nominal GDP of USD $76.09 billion
in 2019 and a purchasing power adjusted GDP of USD $327.629 billion in 2017. Myanmar's
GDP per capita in 2020 is estimated to be USD $5142.20 in PPP terms and USD $1,608.50 in
nominal terms.

g. Laos

Laos' economy is a developing economy with a lower-middle income. The Lao economic
model resembles the Chinese socialist market and/or Vietnamese socialist-oriented market
economies by combining high levels of state ownership with an openness to foreign direct
 investment and private ownership in a predominantly market-based framework (along with
China, Cuba, and Vietnam).
h. Thailand

Thailand's economy is reliant on exports, which accounted for over 60% of the country's
GDP in 2019.[30] Thailand is a recently industrialized country, with a GDP of 16.316 trillion
baht (US$505 billion) in 2018, making it Asia's eighth largest economy, according to the
World Bank. Thailand's average inflation rate is 1.06 percent, with an account surplus of 7.5
percent of GDP in 2018.[33] The Thai economy is predicted to increase by 3.8 percent in
2019.[34] Its currency, the Thai Baht, was listed as the tenth most widely used international
payment currency in 2017.

i. The Philippines

Thailand's economy is reliant on exports, which accounted for over 60% of the country's
GDP in 2019.[30] Thailand is a recently industrialized country, with a GDP of 16.316 trillion
baht (US$505 billion) in 2018, making it Asia's eighth largest economy, according to the
World Bank. Thailand's average inflation rate is 1.06 percent, with an account surplus of 7.5
percent of GDP in 2018.[33] The Thai economy is predicted to increase by 3.8 percent in
2019.[34] Its currency, the Thai Baht, was listed as the tenth most widely used international
payment currency in 2017. According to the International Monetary Fund, the Philippines'
economy is the world's 32nd largest by nominal GDP in 2021, the 12th largest in Asia, and
the third largest in ASEAN after Indonesia and Thailand. The Philippines is one of the world's
fastest-growing emerging economies and Southeast Asia's third-largest economy by nominal
GDP, after Thailand and Indonesia. The Philippines is primarily considered a newly
industrialized country, which has an economy in transition from one based on agriculture
to one based more on services and manufacturing. As of 2021, GDP by purchasing
power parity was estimated to be at $1.47 trillion, the 18th in the world.

j. Brunei

Brunei is a country on the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Malaysia surrounds it on all
sides save the South China Sea coast. Brunei's coastline location puts it adjacent to
important maritime lanes that connect the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Brunei is generally
flat, save for the highlands in the east. The government is a constitutional sultanate, with
the sultan and prime minister as the head of state and government. Brunei has a mixed
economic system, with a mixture of private freedom and centralized economic planning and
government regulation. Brunei is a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
(APEC), ASEAN, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP).
Activity 5 Essay:

1. Does McDonald’s success outside the United states provide support for Levtts’s view about the
global marketplace?

As far as I’ve learn I think it’s a No, because a global product, according to Theodore
Levitt's definition of a global product, is one that is equally appealing to people in different parts
of the world, and as mentioned in the case, McDonald's products in different countries are not
the same, which is understandable given that each country has its own culture to follow.
However, as Levitt states, a company can only be considered in a global marketplace if the same
products and services are used, which McDonald's does. The services they provide vary
according on the needs of the country; for example, in Hindu countries, beef is prohibited, thus
McDonald's provides lamb-based meals; another example is the green kitchen, which caters to
vegetarians.
According to Levitt, the best global strategy is to manufacture a single identical product
and sell it through a standardized marketing effort. He claims that the market requires a
conventional and uniform product, which is incorrect because each country has its own culture,
beliefs, and particular culinary tastes. Outside of the United States, McDonald's success does not
support Levitts' perspective of the global marketplace.
It doesn't really support his beliefs, in my opinion, because Levitt predicted that
multinational corporations would sell products and services in the same way all over the world.
When we examine McDonald's success, we can observe how the company tailored its products
to the local environment and culture. In Japan, for example, some menus include rice instead of
potato chips. Due to local views, the company removed beef burgers off the menu in India and
replaced them with lamb and vegetable patties. Even if it has to update the entire menu in
specific instances, the company believes that these adaptations are the best strategy. This is due
to the fact that the corporation had no other option due to the local conditions.

2. Do you think a company like McDonald’s is welcome in countries like Syria, Yemen, Somalia, and
Libya as well as Iraq? What about North Korea and Afghanistan? Why or why not?

In my opinion I think It depends if the given countries will accept this company to their country.
If they do not have problems, issue or disagreements to each other I think that the country will
welcome such as this company which is McDonalds. I think that Some of these countries may
have their own issue with the Philippines or with the mcdonalds because as far as I know way
back them there are a issues inflicted to both of them in which it will result to a disagreements.
Countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya and Yemen and many of their neighbours may have
under huge pressure from increases in population, urbanization, and societal change that go far
beyond their current difficulties with extremist organizations. They have extremely bad
governance and high levels of corruption. These issues are so bad that they will almost certainly
lead to more extremism and civil war during the coming decade. They are also so dangerous
 that any attempt to deal with big threats from extremism, terrorism, or insurgency that merely
focuses on the security and military aspects of such challenges will fail. The same can be said for
any efforts centered on peace talks and short-term recovery relief. While "nation-building" has
its own set of obstacles, neglecting the dynamics that lead to "failed nations" will not only make
any truly successful effort at conflict se ttlement impossible, but will almost certainly result in
the development or revival of terrorism and civil conflict.

3. Describe your personal experience with McDonald’s and Jollibee as a customer.

As I’ve experienced as a customer I truly sometimes like the way they’re treating customers like
me. They are rendering service and goods very nice. As I go through this past food chain I truly
recommend the way they are handling customers like me. I believe that sometimes people do
mistakes considering that sometimes the way of delivering foods and goods are slow so for me
one of the negative things that I’ve discover in McDonald and Jollibee is they are not sometime
prioritizing “First come, First Serve” so they must improve this kind of action. The fried chicken is
known for being crispy and juicy, and it's cooked with a secret marinade and served with a
"ethereal" sauce. It's frequently ordered with Jolly Spaghetti. Chicken joy is said to be even
superior than Kentucky Fried Chicken. Large families would assemble around the dinner table,
sharing a bucket of spicy and crispy fried chicken, as is typical of Filipino culture. This is why
Jollibee's success is largely attributable to the brand's ability to flawlessly encapsulate Filipino
identity and culture.

4. As to cost benefit analysis, would you prefer as your gadget: Samsung, Vivo, Lenovo or local
manufactured phones such as Cherry Mobile, Star Mobile, or My Phone?

As I’ve experienced using cell phones I prefer using national manufactured phones like Samsung,
Vivo, Lenovo etc. considering that the other nations are serving quality products or they have
high standards when it comes to technologies. CP made in other country if truly more easy
accessible and approachable to use considering that the type of the things they used is
manufactured original. I am not underestimating the skills of the Filipinos but in my opinion the
brands of the cell phone made by foreign country is most like to be more beautiful than my local
country. The way of the technology of other country is far ahead compared to us because the
way of there thinking is very wide or they are very knowledgeable when it comes to new
discovery about technology so in my own recommendation is that I think the Philippines must
develop or innovate more highly quality products so that they can have better gadgets when it
comes cell phones moreover is that I truly praise the work of many Filipinos but lastly as I’ve
experience I would rather prefer gadgets from other countries rather than the Philippines.