NAME:__________________________________________

9
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SCIENCE
Quarter IV – Week 4
Conservation of Mechanical Energy

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY
Science – Grade 9
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Quarter IV - Week 4: Conservation of Mechanical Energy
First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1
Conservation of Mechanical Energy
MELC: Perform activities to demonstrate Conservation of Mechanical Energy. (S9FE-IVd -40)
Objectives:
1. Define Mechanical Energy and relate it to the amount of Kinetic and Potential Energy
an object has
2. Analyze a physical situation and identify whether the Total Mechanical Energy of an
object increases, decreases or remains constant

Let’s Try
Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter of your answer on the space
provided before the number.
_____1. What do you call the energy of a motorcycle moving slowly at the top of the hill?
A. Entirely Gravitational C. Entirely Potential
B. Entirely Kinetic D. Both Kinetic and Potential
_____2. Which of the following event does NOT show transformation of Potential Energy to
Kinetic Energy?
A. A box sliding on the ramp. C. A pen spring being compressed.
B. A mango falling from a crate. D. A stretched rubber band got loosened.
_____3. Which event illustrates the direct transformation of Potential and Kinetic Energy?
A. A kalesa moves from rest.
B. Kathy’s arrow is released from its bow.
C. A basketball player catches a flying ball.
D. The spring mechanism of a toy is rotated until it is locked.
_____4. Which among the forms of energy is considered as Potential Energy?
A. Chemical Energy C. Sound Energy
B. Radiant Energy D. Thermal Energy
_____5. Which of the following statements would best explain what happens to a coconut
fruit that falls freely?
A. Gains both Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy.
B. Gains Potential Energy and loses Kinetic Energy.
C. Loses both Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy.
D. Loses Potential Energy and gains Kinetic Energy.
_____6. What energy is possessed by a fully wound-spring toy fan that is about to rotate?
A. Kinetic Energy but no Potential Energy.
B. Potential Energy but no Kinetic Energy.
C. Both Potential and Kinetic Energy in equal amounts.
D. Neither Potential nor Kinetic Energy.
_____7. A torchlight fell from a watch tower. What is the Potential Energy of the torchlight
at the highest point compared to its Kinetic energy at the lowest point?
A. Equal C. Lesser
B. Greater D. Not related
_____8. A runner jumps over a hurdle. Neglecting friction, what is the Potential Energy of a
runner at the highest point compared to his Kinetic Energy at the lowest point?
A. Equal C. Lesser
B. Greater D. Not related
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_____9. Which event is explained in the sequence of energy transformation shown in the
diagram below?

Chemical Energy → Heat → Mechanical Energy (with wasted heat)

A. A headlight is on C. Electric current powers a flat iron
B. A turbine spins D. Gasoline burns to run a jeepney
_____10. Which is TRUE about total Mechanical Energy?
A. It can never be negative.
B. It is constant, if only conservative forces act.
C. It is equally divided between Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy.
D. It is either purely Kinetic Energy or purely Potential Energy at any instant.

Let’s Explore and Discover

Energy is the name of the game. Everything exists or cease to exist because of its
presence or absence. It is stored in different forms and can be transferred and/or
transformed.

In general, the energy acquired by objects upon which work is done is known as
Mechanical Energy. You have learned in Grade 8 Science that Mechanical Energy falls
under two categories.

Categories of
Mechanical Description Equation
Energy
Potential Energy It is the energy in matter due to PEgrav = mgh
the arrangement of its parts, Where:
composition, location and structure. It PEgrav = gravitational potential
is commonly considered as stored energy
energy having the potential to do m = mass of object
mechanical work. g = acceleration due to gravity
Two forms of Potential Energy h = height or elevation
difference

𝟏
PE elas = kx2
𝟐
Where:
PEelas = elastic potential energy
k = constant
x = compression or extension
length
Kinetic Energy It is the energy in moving matter KE = 𝟏 𝒎v2
𝟐
and wave.
Where:
Forms of Kinetic Energy
KE = kinetic energy
m = mass of an object
v = velocity of object

Figure 1. Forms of Mechanical Energy and its equation.

(Source: Liza A. Alvarez et.al., Science 9: Learner’s Materials. Pasig City:

Department of Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017, 281-282.)

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Mechanical Energy
When work is done upon an object, that object gains energy. The energy acquired by
the object is known as Mechanical Energy.
Mechanical Energy is the energy that
is possessed by an object due to its motion or
its position. It can either be Kinetic (energy in
motion) or Potential (stored energy in
position). Objects have Mechanical Energy if
they are in motion or if they are at a position
relative to zero Potential Energy (for example,
a brick held at a vertical position above the
ground or zero height position).
A moving car possesses Mechanical
Energy due to its motion (Kinetic Energy). A
falling coconut fruit possesses Mechanical
Energy due to its speed in falling (Kinetic
Energy) and its vertical position above the Figure 2. A coconut fruit falls freely loses
ground (Gravitational Potential Energy). A potential energy and gains kinetic energy.
Grade 9 Science book at rest on the top shelf
of a locker possesses Mechanical Energy due to its vertical position above the ground
(Gravitational Potential Energy). A barbell lifted high above a weightlifter's head possesses
Mechanical Energy due to its vertical position above the ground (Gravitational Potential
Energy). A fully wound-spring fan that is about to rotate possesses Mechanical Energy due
to its stretched position (Elastic Potential Energy).

Mechanical Energy as the Ability to Do Work

Mechanical Energy is often defined as the ability to do work. Hence, any object that
possesses Mechanical Energy whether it is in the form of Potential Energy or Kinetic Energy
is able to do work. Therefore, it enables an object to apply force on another object causing
it to move.
Numerous examples can be given on how an object can harness mechanical energy
causing another object to move or be displaced. A massive wrecking ball of a demolition
machine is swung backwards and allowed to forcefully swing forward into the target object
for demolition. The amount of Mechanical Energy possessed by the wrecking ball caused
the object to move.
A hammer is a tool that utilizes Mechanical Energy (Kinetic Energy) in order to do
work which in effect causes the nail to be displaced.

Height increases as the cyclist

moves from position A to B, hence,
his Potential Energy increases while
his Kinetic Energy decreases. As he
continuously cycles from position B
to C, he gains back Kinetic Energy
while Potential Energy decreases.
This illustration shows how
Mechanical Energy is conserved.

Figure 4. Conservation of Mechanical Energy of a

cyclist.

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 Whereas,
Total Mechanical Energy
Quantity Symbol Unit
The Total Mechanical Energy of an Acceleration due
object is the sum of its Kinetic Energy (KE) and g 9.8 m/s2
to gravity
Potential Energy (PE). Height h m
ME = PE + KE Mass m kg
It can also be written as: Mechanical
ME J
𝟏 Energy
ME = mgh + 𝟐mv2
Velocity v m/s

(Source: “Mechanical Energy,” Adapted Mind; The Physics Classroom, accessed March 15, 2021,
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/cls as the ass/energy/Lesson-1/Mechanical-Energy.)

(Source: Liza A. Alvarez et.al; Science 9: Learner’s Materials. Pasig City:

Department of Education: Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017, 282.)

Let’s Practice

Activity 1

Directions: Look at the pictures below, and label them as to Potential or Kinetic based on
the type of energy they show.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

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 Activity 2

A. Directions: Identify which of the following shows Mechanical Energy. Shade the happy
face 😊 if it possesses Mechanical Energy, if not, shade the sad face ☹.

Situations Situations
1. A swimmer about to dive 😊 ☹ 6. Listening to music 😊 ☹
2. Breathing in and out 😊 ☹ 7. Playing dart 😊 ☹
3. Driving a car 😊 ☹ 8. Riding a bicycle 😊 ☹
4. Hammering a nail 😊 ☹ 9. Sharpening a pencil 😊 ☹
5. Holding a ball 😊 ☹ 10. Wrecking ball 😊 ☹

B. Directions: Analyze the situation given below. Put a check (/) if it shows Mechanical
Energy otherwise, put (X).

 A boy dribbling a ball  Mother carrying a  Hitting a target with a

baby bow and arrow

 A boy playing an  A swimmer about to  Turning a knob

online game dive

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 Let’s Do More
Activity 1

Objective: Construct a simple paper windmill.

Materials:
Drawing pen
Pinwheel template
Pin which serves as fastener
Rod or stick
Scissors
Tape or adhesive
Procedure:
1. Begin with a square of paper.
2. Fold your square, corner to corner, then unfold.
3. Make a pencil mark about 1/3 on the way from the center.
4. Cut along fold lines.
5. Bring every other point into the center and stick a pin through all four points.
6. Please see the attached pinwheel template on page 10.

Guide Questions: Circle the correct answer.

1. What kind of energy is possessed by a moving paper windmill?
a. Kinetic Energy b. Potential Energy

2. What Mechanical Energy transformation took place when the paper blade of
windmill starts to move?
a. From Kinetic Energy to Potential Energy.
b. From Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy.
(Source: “How to Make a Pinwheel Instructions”, Leslie Tryon, accessed March 15, 2021,
http://www.leslietryon.com/3dcolorcutout/makepinw/makepinwheel.html.)

Activity 2

Objective: Identify whether the Total Mechanical Energy of an object is increasing,

decreasing, or remaining constant.

Material: A cyclist – path diagram

Procedure:
1. Using the cyclist – path diagram, answer the following questions:

Height increases as the cyclist

moves from position A to B, hence,
his Potential Energy increases while
his Kinetic Energy decreases. As he
continuously cycles from position B
to C, he gains back Kinetic Energy
while Potential Energy decreases.
This illustration shows how
Mechanical Energy is conserved.

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Guide Questions: Choose the correct answer by putting a check inside the box.
1. What happens to the Potential Energy of the bicycle as it travels down?
 It decreases  It increases
2. How does the Potential Energy of a bicycle transform into Kinetic Energy?
 It gains speed  It loses speed
3. What happens to the bicycle as it travels upward?
 It gains speed  It loses speed
4. What is the energy of a bicycle going fast midway down a roller slope?
 both Kinetic and Potential  only Potential
5. What is the sum of the Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy?
 Gravitational Energy  Mechanical Energy

Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Using the given picture clues on the right column, guess the missing word/s to
complete the statements on the left column. Write your answer on the blank.
Descriptions Clue Pictures
1. Potential energy is _ _ _ _ _ _ energy.

2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ energy is the energy of moving

objects.

3. The Mechanical Energy of an object is the sum

of its Kinetic energy (KE) and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_______

4. When Kinetic Energy (KE) increases, its

Potential Energy (PE) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

5. Total Mechanical Energy (ME) is the _ _ _ of

an object’s Potential Energy (PE) and Kinetic
Energy.

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 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter of your answer on the space
provided before the number.
_____1. What energy is possessed by a fully wound- spring toy fan that is about to rotate?
A. Kinetic Energy but no Potential Energy.
B. Potential Energy but no Kinetic Energy.
C. Neither Potential nor Kinetic Energy.
D. Both Potential and Kinetic Energy in equal amounts.
_____2. A torchlight fell from a watch tower. What is the Potential Energy of the torchlight
at the highest point compared to its Kinetic Energy at the lowest point?
A. Equal C. Lesser
B. Greater D. Not related
_____3. Which event is explained in the sequence of energy transformation shown in the
diagram below?

Chemical Energy → Heat → Mechanical Energy (with wasted heat)

A. A headlight is on C. Gasoline burns to run a jeepney
B. A turbine spins D. Electric current powers a flat iron
_____4. A runner jumps over a hurdle. Neglecting a friction, what is the Potential Energy of
a runner at the highest point compared to his Kinetic Energy at the lowest point?
A. Equal C. Greater
B. Lesser D. Not related
_____5. Which is TRUE about Total Mechanical Energy?
A. It can never be negative.
B. It is constant, if only conservative forces act.
C. It is equally divided between Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy.
D. It is either purely Kinetic Energy or purely Potential Energy at any instant.
_____6. What do you call the energy of a motorcycle moving slowly on top of the hill?
A. Entirely Gravitational C. Entirely Potential
B. Entirely Kinetic D. Both Kinetic and Potential
_____7. Which of the following event does NOT show transformation of Potential Energy to
Kinetic Energy?
A. A box sliding on the ramp. C. A pen spring being compressed.
B. A mango fruit falling from a crate. D. A stretched rubber band got loosened.
_____8. Which event illustrates the direct transformation of Potential and Kinetic energy?
A. A kalesa moves from rest.
B. Kathy’s arrow is released from its bow.
C. A basketball player catches a flying ball.
D. The spring mechanism of a toy is rotated until it locked.
_____9. Which among the forms of energy is considered a Potential Energy?
A. Chemical Energy C. Sound Energy
B. Radiant Energy D. Thermal Energy
_____10.Which of the following statements would best explain what happens to a coconut
fruit that falls freely?
A. Gains both Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy.
B. Gains Potential Energy and loses Kinetic Energy.
C. Loses both Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy.
D. Loses Potential Energy and gains Kinetic Energy.
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PLEASE DO NOT PRINT BACK TO BACK!

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 Answer Key

Let’s Try Let’s Practice: Let’s Do More

1. B Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1
2. D 1. B
3. A A. B. 2. A
4. D 1. Kinetic 😊 ☹ / / /
5. A 2. Potential X X /
6. B 3. Potential
1. 1.
7. A 4. Kinetic Let’s Do More
2.
8. A 5. Potential Activity 2
3.
9. C 6. Kinetic 1.  it deccreases
10. A 4.
5. 2.  it gains speed
Let’s 6. 3. it loses speed
Assess 7. 4.both kinetic
1. B 8. and potential
2. A 9. 5.mechanical energy
3. C 10.
4. A
5. D
Let’s Sum It Up
6. B
1. stored 4. decreases
7. D
2. Kinetic 5. sum
8. B
3. Potential Energy
9. A
10. D

References
Book
Alvarez, Liza A., Dave G. Angeles, Hernan L. Apurada, Ma. Pilar P. Carmona, Oliver A.
Lahorra, Judith F. Marcaida, Ma. Regaele A. Olarte, Estrella C. Osorio, Digna C.
Paningbatan, Marivic S. Rosales, and Ma. Teresa B. Delos Santos, Science 9:
Learner’s Materials. Pasig City: Department of Education: Bureau of Learning
Resources (DepEd-BLR), 2017.

Websites/Electronic Sources
Adapted Mind; The Physics Classroom. “Mechanical Energy.” accessed March 15, 2021.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Mechanical-Energy.

Leslie Tryon. “How to Make a Pinwheel Instructions.” accessed March 15, 2021.
http://www.leslietryon.com/3dcolorcutout/makepinw/makepinwheel.html.

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