Q . aka chapter 2: Equations Inuaties ‘Chapter 3: Coornate Geometry ra eeapts ‘chapter 4 Funeons chapter 5: Progressions ‘chapter 6: Maxima an Minin create Anos ey planation Fundamentals of Algebra bo Aa Introduction 1 Inredtion Wakes th ning on pte Thea dens af nen hol nt ema anno You Many date nd san em number ued prt atest let bed poten in alga Howes dost pani he cnet Fema Star 1 oa hath recente Make Yous cmforablen aera y Sang ths ape, ie i eso gh yh ethene th tenining ay fons nl Rene ofthe gens of the vase Sud the eon os dstgsneybcasfthe pperacce: tia inf. 89)9 wa) = + YO Ths chapter nso resee hi far ef and She een te ‘noe ne loks aon te appt, een the shore ic exsist ermtintanennihe ‘Learning Objectives ‘Bythe end of thecaye you shou beable oso pobens elo + Bovesions Opens on aera Een + Posmoni scrapie VariableFundamentals of Algetes Introduetion 1 Introdti Waeomets th fsating wold of ssh! Though # ds ith dy of ximona# ‘beste potlens sate apotet tied poblens ager. Homer, once yan the comps ain soa. ts on tht he pesetation fers. ake souesfsomrate alert eae cpr Ales sty Sound tough bythe sans becese ofthe overhang vase of, ones ud se ese th gue of ewan, Srl faloning sks Ghana spr bere the spore =F ia a9 iyo Ane XO) whe a) = G+ DOLE Tis ager Aipeir nem iia th a et rey Sow cosets hat tov al stead. © Penton roc ‘Laarning Objectives Bythe cod of hechare youshoulbestletoachepobena lado persons on Alii epesin Reyes Gens Variable Avasiable sal weed demi ut, Facer he xpi Expression ‘algebra expression ss combautos of saab end coe o more has coe sable Focermple or 997-65 +9.9¢-F +52 _Avermis2 monbe or produ ofmumberandone ct mee ase, Focesimle theaprasionge or sar atu af tre termris ge oeand ‘TecoetMetentis 2 namber t's mle sh vance oe moran one varie oe eagle ia the opcetn 9 at «3 the elit of and x eg and speci Operations on Algebraic Expressions Aitheti operations om Algebra expressions: ‘he addon or adbrnion of gees pros fle te sane lesa the ssa aldson aeactn, Wecan a6 he ons of te toms he ie niFundamentals of Algetes s depo endin he ae verises oy Forerampl, Geri Geraemrpem Forermp Ct ere Mutipiation Toe tina of any = dace expen flere the tate proper _mipicaon ad tender, Forename eee m= tna +en) oe say so su os wea Forerampl G89 +29 7-29 OF sa RIENCE pea sap am Jt in he nol thai son and iphatin fags eprenne Forerampe dete enresion oo erste. K Aa Udevenaderiss, Polynomial ‘Theword poly meaae may od the yor somal eas term So poh alee xresion whch onto any easing ves the Fatale ‘Tegeneal or ofa pron soengeast cage sagen Wine a 200g ar eal umes and 2 now etieiteger Forexample, Operations with Polynomials SSnee « pobuei isan algtie apes, thefee the operine on alebenie ‘epresions ld wae or pois. “Types ofPobomiats niFundamentals of Algetes s Pj ca be dnd a ello 1 By couficient: ee the bs of iain inthe atthe coi ing ges 6 the cotta 5, gad 6 and ae itp So ie aad avon ethene tiers Sth cuenta ,-$ > and-gand lle rans munbors tm in foes ee bers ‘5x hissed pom ovr there mashes. 2. By the numberof terms: Hee the basso sation the number ems he exreson Forecampl fete se 1 inom: Cosising fo em Forerimpa gt gs 6 Trinomils:Comitingf he tera Forex, peogt sarasota K Aa € Polymemiae: Cunning of moze shar thee terms ae gece teraed ot ‘elon ee though Moon, Boronia Taos ae ao Polonia. Sarena siyveomdealdeaderdemeeive gy degree ‘Thebighet xpoen ony monomil ofthe gen poi efron ceed he ee of te Focerumleaf-pets 1. Theighes pene! ofa te so tisplronil of dee 6. ave ammonidofdeees +9+2°7, fe Pacem odegens+3=6 ise monemial of degre oiecusegcan besten -f.ne! amon odaree ais {Pope += Bisaplynomlal adage. “Aneuaton none alan ith degre‘ an have t maxims "rel ots The ‘anber fv ects canbe ash se brs tommy bain “near polsnomal: “ptm one eas insorpohpi niFundamentals of Algetes a, Mf Forexample 5+ 51-4 48.044 aetna pani Quadratic polyno A pebauni of degre voiced quae robaomial For example8 gs j.07 ge +e amequaditicpsneniae Examples eth quaton 2p apshmonia? Solutions seater Herein hae per | hich ct on tee. Factorisation of Polynomial ‘Toeenprenioe s+ Scan even a prac aff) aed fe-5) Ths poco stag on esprsson ae prot of iret epson cle Fatraton The xpressons 2) and 9) ae cle fcr of +6 Just sn Ae in emuindar ser The proves f tarantula tod herve eget Tours? ges = 0 (2-2) eg) 0 Ta pada of omer can be cay ‘nding al besid. . eto jut langoage fle Ws cn reer to te egamion x= +5 87 Eeyai®- +15, Nom wht be the metal uo Obit eae of ss hsp caning sr tarane of hanger. tenance fy epnde oe ‘aleecsumed bs i= ay =g5e=0,y=apandiiz=2.7= Ths dependency ‘ors ey =f an ined ay auton of ny = 40) == 88 =a, te ht side expt essed 0 “Thos fantons i cing eran ve the quate xpresion tat we ro wed eanteerresedia ap mean tc vate) To erased) fut seh te ale fae 5 fopresons®-8c+ ending att) =0 y2fa.8)=24 1 Tissular you ftoa ht ie dapndet ono ‘Serle se wd b Th the ale of depen on bth the aes of and band ‘ahace, we nee both hee aes Graphs ‘raph reser ands understand ager aresonsand cones. 50 plese fazed to pphe andes hw tsi slat onenpt.Fundamentals of Algetes ok Aa now sample fy =fi)=38- Os +1, ec ot bro-dimensinal graph vith he ‘yeu Ie undeed thi hovugy, the oberon falling the gp below ‘es of xen te aa the conespendig Yah of co he Tax The olowng shold be salen Oberon: fora 4, $00 wl be pte a or ce af ge Be Heel 09) rom the above dt, with a ot fend shah we gette whore. 2 aeyvillabeayebe pantie > Tonal af ia) = sia dso) =a 4s Foravaln of euchthat cr 530» and fr alter vals of) <8) 1 sedetnd he canes ofcomecf th et common alr foas Weil leo Im he to deste sec or ingot alga ens Hlomentar-Curses: feo athe sone raphthevaecf yin ofc pote heres ane We be ag ‘Zayas to uneranéAgaeepenos Thos tml be won to THERA Hata ine ping trough pic (0) otha ae Sedesed pape Sins aph!| ‘ov / fru praia pit heer ditane from he Xn dot the alae ‘ofan th brsnalaten om the Yaw dette omesponding aveFundamentals of Algetes bo Aa ey waelanes “olden whetera shes eprint of saethar praise can tube lp ct Senaider Theoret. Acting the ender there, hen any exes hide te einer io) oiany asta theese) ‘Tecan th eprsi,29 30 ge ded the remsnderia er eaies ‘actor Theorem: We an ao ie the sensi thcrem or more aps the Fee trem #2 ‘Meus an eres ato of anther expen. AS aed se, a SS. “Thos 0-26 fare 9 fandony i) =o Faser thor ako hee i tring higher dae equine Constr the fo seat ige-age, ‘Byhiand tril basinal abtng tle of en sorsh mest He) CaP 6 ga) -agee barge agne. “Ths econ dedoetht e+ factor 8 Hage 24 ec ab another agen eresion eae 3) ‘Ung comson seme econ ter ta ea quit xpress WS? uty cx a+b +e baea termine? x and constant Teast agra r Dat ohee niFundamentals of Algetes ‘ysis checks can aren hata gating uci of on RUS and LHS, got = on he BBS on = 2? ll ntin teria) Egutng te contat tas of RES end LS we gt = et ‘evel alin acon oo ES), ‘hue eeohaved ge agra) 8 Bea “ofind beats the soa te or of of thet side of the ann, ung he een of me hae sg =~ 24 ln us b= 5 ene LS (Spun thsony termina be 26. Tous aly 8 +698 -s9e-24= 08+ 084 5-20, ‘on qudticenpeion + ge a arb fied a +) =n ‘Sects eqaioa become e+ 8+ 3) = ound herve 28 or (os rote tn one ld ura sof hw wil th gap ff) We ‘lec Ee Obiou ic th alec fs) = owen x= or-8 9 he raph (hitheX anthers of A spl vil hackof hte uth reemerged pole, {stem her postive aloes a 39 an yl nee er propation ‘han the decrease sh -t Sandaly a5 asumes lone and Lover as of sell twnding oats) fo a tnd ovarde- = acy ib gt. Tes fe sal noe {Noein te bovis oi Alea theo and pi Bz aed he ol DYnina The was até minimum pose vabe of (0) wil be = and = ‘eps Main, Mian, Mssins ad Min lb tdi te Do you ino hou te Chinn Render Teor? Sesh ura th llouing poem in oppresinatel ee hind entry ‘Wehaee miter fthngs bu wx donot kaw exe many esa them ‘a these hve no fever ue cou tho bos be tre Roe. ce Suntthon ty anenehaene oe How many Bing aethre? ample a: Boe atutootits age? _Apbing the reminder thor tf) whichis geal (5) = 00) +) + fs asi 5) notequl a 0+ 5) snotafacarefthe sen eaeson, Aa niFundamentals of Algetes Example: Ween ee tal tar) han 0 Selations ‘Sic, area ay 2 fasts of), tnt he fh form + 7) (=) Ci ar Sa theanser sca 9-20, Example Besbateoret@e wr Anping the eninde there and ining th fncon a tras ofthe able 2 ne ofa) 29. Stee inthisesreson «bisa factor Sapper ert ge prin (2-2) and (which seth ceo spots expen hen a) =) 8). ‘heim and degre of would depend on the dee of teen] exwesion 00. Forerampa gina depen hn) wouldve degre. ‘Test Your Understanding safes ye-ap= pa + + 8 then wht arte sas of econstatsa pang? 2. Woes ar age sg) Int ss mata imran cand@? -fecorie heiat ges 68. anee “4 Waa thelr ih heres? rhe gg dhe by et 5 Whstie there ofkand i beacon eat fee sedis? 6. Whats eee fcr fthe plone 9+ 5x-sandge-re rs? 6. ebetagsconnast nou 61D anor athe bewieedd 9. "bings comtant would -a) be aftr of -aPshen bowl Levels tt o-The graph of 39-30 wet th axle bw may pats? Wat wb te (Snare potato intrest i? Aa niFundamentals of Algetes Equations and inequalities 2 Introduction ‘Ths ape dest wth concep of Liner, Quarate nHiher Dogue Equsins an ‘Learning ojectves Dyke end after you soul besbietoanvepobena reo near, usa and Higher Dee ut eras nears Qudeatinegai once in Binal Tasre. Equations Sn equation ts to express thing ope or are th pe Yrs gtd shot, Ferengi ges gag -G or Goes of gras eute thas an iden? A ey on quo ht ir fol ee ofthe ries. For arple ‘Wale ae re fr ll uae of = 2 auton may be efor only sone rales orforne vasa: ocerample = 2¥-6 «7-927 +6 26-92 4+ xavier eats one rate tere vataes aed neque Solutions of Lines Equation in Tso Variables Sclton ier ution inves eae pur of ves one velo ors ad coef) at sus he ren Ear equi Tocerampl in he eguton x += 19 one stints = andy =o bem en we substuter=1andy = soin he oqon we Bad ht LHS (at Hand Si 19 ich seq to RHS (Right Hand 5d) he eatin. ‘Note Threw be rts on slo forthe above eguton = an: seston) niFundamentals of Algetes Aah i wa thong “he nan stot aerate it ume chet he ; etvamb 3 Fat bene rane uth tai he ter mane bn ‘Solution: _ seen Tams 6=50-6 - “The value of xis either or2 Similarly, the value of yis ether 2 ors. 6 oes > Goaph of a Linear Equation “Linear equation mone vatale ander en0+6) Sea=6.0 esier th euton 2-5 eave.) Sohn egntion (and) vee ‘So teressony ne ae x= ich ste pen equation Hence the sap of peisanda=a2 32 billbeae feline, Sofan' pret ges 2 yeursand Shanty pein years retin ppd be hog ut then Examples: 5 theslein fazer gut hen tied isthe pan wl be prota by alinFundamentals of Algetes s Linear equation in two variable conepenng le fy fr ny ale of apd the loin tale shes fw vale fb ‘9iatssty Dis equaton. ‘Wess store pian poten s rghit ler ofan eX ae and the alae cfyontheY ania ne gt graphs lone K Aa Sac the saps rine, th gut i led Lier eqn. Further a5) inom he ie stises the sen eqution and ence te coneponng codinaes “eben ae and comespoding wale fy an boa aut te ale of te equntog and dng hevale cts Catan ote cheatin wor ting athens 6&2 y bath bing letge) tte equation. ron thal ve se tnt te intel etter = Dao), We obers ht he aos of icetesin supe of 3 ane correpondiog ‘Pistaty decry 2. Ad tha hain shea ious ying bn geo. 2 igs di ofthe frm A+ B= contant ane incense Bato dese yb ‘Tesin ar a/= 8 ses ya wl nrene Wy 2 and eomespeigl a Lente sand gis 6 Maxine by 9p wel decay sd thw een ines ofsinvands draco in Simultaneous Equation Simultaneous Line Equation in Two Variables: ‘isconmosD undrtod tat fan eatin has valle, we need tv eutions 12 ‘entiy «wigs soon oe at sates both the equica, Aad ale there coon tha theo etn sold eset union 478 Acaendy aes open as ate sion (Gorany le of etl of an be found tsar the geben). we oie theo sumone y= 63nd gorse, would wei gta aioe oon et er trod eqns at sume as fit equation een aie aves use niFundamentals of Algetes ‘ou, a a iafrmtn poe by th scoed guts Inet th he euatie ‘we thesane becuse mpg bth ies equate scenes ootchange ‘St sqsson Som eqanuon re sled Dopendest Egntone Ther, sey sion 6 pet il abo bea sltin of equation 2 and tus re ll agin have inate Solon: asa bth he equronsimuanast ‘oe change the cad eqn htt ow nae ah = 2nd gt = 16, the yo enon ae Satin and sot the se Lethe guts ae depeaden Yet ne \raldnotbe slo nd unk solson beceuse whe we emia ote are Searanabeegt cma sn oe gna avila aay = gas awilgresse- 197-20 Sobetng web =4 (nly heath guts ne Independent and onsite wl eget niga soto to these of eats and Otto # Cte ae as many outs 2 the amber of ‘Toraboredousson canbe summarad orto smaltaneous equons in wo varables 2 gventelw, Bat raberthanrenewbuag he lowing bl ust ee uw te ‘ove desarn adhe lonn ure old bce ie Trample: axey~asandac+ 4565 then adhe vaueof taping te outa @ br wilt eer aree siteaetng eqn om eqn Aa niFundamentals of Algebra bk Aa ‘neers apa rca ld a Bands yer eae Asal ie a old a Finders ageotat Acorn tthe gen condsion Soha egetion om oqusion ses Anda t0-(8 +08 _ sobehass0 os eis Pampa: eat a fe fog steno outs dbs nthe ay slain? ph-gosshsze Sethe recat ages goyme, ranape ‘A peor oy pin and gop cons In la ba go coi ad tal ert vw bepesonis ago, Fd te nunberofsoyi cosets. Setation seit that 90 Setting’ = in) feet, sititnge= ganda sing) bseesd aab-6e20-80 a sittitingb-2,¢~ 20nd ain, auarissFundamentals of Algebra bo Aa Hanoy tesatimins been gdng Bion here he thad farpndiag he peur epson a by orptenatnatifemgtiyts sate bre By areca cle seit finial apenas) (sunt eponens efx andy nan tem =n (erates ent Tey eso Te (oo Binal cticienttiesatheame =" Eames ind hat iacing nth open of) Selation: ates Fopatcat samples: nd theumberttnaein th epensin (ct 30) sotation: Racal hth um of esonens fy em = 6 eral ter ar pst, Hane lowest pores of weld be toa hight power oui en, cotest ‘Wonavewencinsching tga agent inxttom 002, 3 sstemsinal sampler: ie conics of nr and th emia the expan aft ain athe ogo, then dt ale ofFundamentals of Algetes s Quadratie Equations ‘gon of dager ee cll ge euntions ‘heen fom of the uaa equonisart bese ousus of cedar In the gen ems, 26 he ene of and b the content of ‘Soc ques enon poy ofeeond dpe in ne vari ot ll be ‘oslo, Ferecampl (1 sol bane to sting sor Salton of quae euation eM a “roc. S we ean sta et each 2 salu which whe plied in plane owe de vale of th quton bem se Aa Bo he roo of «quads egnton muy be the ame suber aod th ot ma be compe rimapnary ow to fn he roots? Tear nova fang atte rt fx quate s-Puctorestion tod Sopprethagnton in pr 6=0 ‘Ti eqaon can befeher te ie See Desoeai=0 mee-anie-al-e ence sx ofthe equation are sand Split Win twe prs shat thi become aul ob andthe product Benes al Feceumpleet-p¢+6=0 Homa=ubesande=6 “Tas bas teen broken ito-9 ands tathesumis an bepndnets6 axe ae-sie0 niFundamentals of Algetes bo Aa aan “hth unt gens oun ge nd opr sg hb oe uote unten tne semtmatig, "0108 80UO ot Ho) mee od mx awh rm Sing aoa _ Si frre ahr 9 = he “Teen ofthe austin canbe witen “Tawithe rv ax una auton an the guton anh econ -cumotrato = Grotto) 0 ‘Teeeqution ns? +e c= 02+ ol ratina craft, bc The mt of ot ‘is eatin canbe pede th ale of th erranon (420 wih ld ‘arouses of and raring tena of roc of ei +0 i seins eroiienaee Sac aneyntion as vero sly ented by nandb eeceat o2-0 nd Produc ofrete 0 sbris Forno rel aes thesquaeo x +2) wl eatin eat number niFundamentals of Algetes enon he rot fhe gun another a ar ben dese by th le of D as sDsorosteareegulto eachother enste ate Aswecanssex sete ¢=oortve a= ich ti=-aasthe rot enst-ge6z0 Decooasee (6-2-9) = obi gens and = athe ot wich raion and nage +> oamd Dis not ape square = tet eto an ofthe fom p+ andy & ent-as0 ToeDofiscatonis Aa J geteG=8 De obutncapaet sgn eo there f his equation seed etna se, (x-Ee0 cena anlnoff athens retin aiming othe tom pS nt Pa (em psoanda=a) ample hen s-(LJpSoratteaeo cea genssne slr aiea)as) ta, eb ts consti er of 2G. Can you comment on he tae ao of niFundamentals of Algetes Selation: ow: the Doftheeuabais Faas separate ese = his sauton iain ris Compe gt) ample 20 Find tenetetbe qudntesgution?-7ros2 0 ete: So, worst uate nena 328 Mato ‘Anaternvemetod of shin ts quer equation woud be pit ie coat (fia nach sy that th pout thr ho umber ea the pod of he conten wed theft of sox?-rv weanbeveien ss Boge gieee dala Ged Sotbefcarsedfomaatst res ss-o feaepee Henn thevabeofecan bese 304 she sof he gues of 9 consent tg eg 1 5 Shen wat te svar number etthe wou bexands ten Gs eeaFens wten-aasoers oxesé=0 Benes eo) the ale fate =-9004= 12 Teconscuelnets 0-2) e420) ample 22 sotaion: Aa niFundamentals of Algetes s ase borates Deb gen Aig bea gg-aBessineD> oandDisaporat ae So beso reed soe and cama Bamps Fal hereof equation? arate. seer araeerace wim saeeree Example 2g Maat to sot of quadrant and hi pad 6 hn frm the Solution ‘Toferma qua equi ese he formal? (0+ P+ brea, Baeth ros of th quai euton, K Aa Esample a5 setation: Beeessgmape4 Syne pmomdan6=n6 Fler pe+exb=0 ae -orxe=e soso Ione oot ofa quadrateequation 6 andthe ce otis. hen fom the qudratic jor soarpa46 Sa theequiieicanfi=4n6-24 et Pe-apeo Esamplear: niFundamentals of Algetes bo Aa Fad beta ofthe gutter sao =o ss gers socutensitans Hat geegee sates nae 9-0 (e-gte-9=0 Sit arate (ae-g)ad(- Alpbraiccurve:y= as bn ‘Wo plated nue y =a chaste shape fara homme ‘bse the towing proper of he shoe carve the pera opm upards ita defi mini oly. ex nce in bo ste adnate ans teva oy appease tovards (vote et maximal mini) At (a 9) an (fo he caves +h += oc the ens wd sending = feds Doren rote his ogatinn 6: Thepuacais sys mies hott ine pening thro) nd peal fo {hes a band que lated as ba Curent Fhe (8<0) ‘beer the lowing properties te adore carve niFundamentals of Algetes 1:4 the purl pens dvds it a eit maim ely Ae x ire in Deh pss and pte Xan the val apostle (one: sot manana) S-At@o)and(,o) decane acts tthe Xsan acon = and x = ae the ots of this «4 Abx= the cua cin. Wa bot the rot aan cmon ow many ita ganda oun canbe formed Sotations 1 2 abd Bat uty than to gud gut 8 pale wih ase 8 sate aietl VA NY storm Grapheaiterpetations of D the deriztnant peat rbercand boven Depeing span the rae of D the pana ofthe gunz are i the SY plane anges ae, 11D < ore are orl oo of th eatin wih mans th carve wll ever cut 11D = thermo he gation ae sul wich mens th cure wl ouch the, ‘Aaa depuing upon es '” wes ee an upd ora vee yrs ALIN 1D > othe root ofthe equi ae el nd tnt, Which maz the ue wl eat the Xa ate tine pias Agen dpendag wpe he sgn of" we Geter an Aa niFundamentals of Algetes Aer is lcasion ean ober tat 2 nda cane mets hea Nira. Oni onng Tee ‘More on quadratipolmomisls re) gunn epson ns Foe graph ec eth fe deena t See and bee aby pare ipo =a sane then foo canbe wnenas _vcayshe postive forall eal values of The theory wosld be clear by some examples. Example 28 Teepresdon oF 26+ 86 Aa ssh pthe chavs eet Solutions (2) Hose) as? -ge 8 xampleay: nd the mass nth nimple veaf the expresin (t= 29 strum sagsatter ie) ‘ele : mines +20 Trample 30: ei of te oon av of doe te following sr of guts il want ‘Sin fach hatte atin ep! niok Aa epee bit sy* tae plod los equ valu ofa poston a she, ‘Weatesohiag ora unauepastnes, 1p soieapsrefamiginineFundamentals of Algebra bk Aa Geb sya acidesitheemer ee) tars k= 5 deat aosaation uray, pooe ses are meaaved in. ses, wth do beng He Tagst with on owen (fs me The she 2 geil ni ene hem, se a a ha ofS sso [pe nd en ld hl log te np ee) we pet As pepe Foling 1 at agate es 40 and 008 Hove te pape ein oth proportion of length breadth ofan of the A sod, socistiecone” Geek thar coche of paper hs the some shape niu aposie one as shown, ‘Ths propeto give by the guna equator (87-2, whee x end y ore de gee hea serFundamentals of Algetes ok Aa Higher degree equations ‘Tan produto Pa Wie ye wl ct el ith ing he soins ober dere eget, ot snp Ur ale sg for eqn ith een degre and ins sgn for aquatnns of bentonite ceria roperter cbt hero ae consider tabi gston ample 3: sSrbtreredee sab gareten he rvtots?- arto, fd th atation whose tea ‘oegurtononldhaw grote aqultthe dpe tte agen) Sone afttem ens 20.3.2 GB twetamastd-atsrtéeo Sm ofr aon 022 tne Sod sumcfrect nan at ate = ASok Aa ight) eo piso thee 99 fe how the pes of) a 1, = aad sum ofrodctftwo rite taken stating of =p22 82 (wheter) ae ese Sane eee ead root. That mene wether ae Pane pou eee ean Do a preva sabiFundamentals of Algetes s (2) apne number rete bates Cove 115) 46) <0 then) =o wast aves) betwen and niin hs ete 0 wlan baa od mmbe el ots betwen and Bk et, 3 Cove) KB)» 6 thes) = oho see @noratmastenemesn (Ganev umbercteeal nr bennen ean lie soot root sae ample a9) 2 eed p38) 2nd) ae of pests, hn ish te longi Solaion: 0) Wotan f0)=0°-40)-p-8 sad f0)-8 opp 1p an'p- 3 arecopotesis hn HeD et png Ug a nS gai ey tegen 2g and sobuaiag 38 fom bt ies, Ths, oe can Wane ers fom 008 secs cteentg os es ‘ats cthersde by angst sgn sete ingest geen ae SMindeert oral owe th sides anneal ar uid oie by the Same mabe, be Sane ata resn ene 2 Bramplear oo Fad berostoftbeegaton ‘the $5} cmt ned 42> Solution ‘Tiss bcuseae we ate ung both sides by 4 and snc we do not How the Sox of esas be ure fhe fnguaty omaning the sane For mare ot, “Thos, when we oss uli we hare 0 be can and sould no: he sign of te ‘sgeesion ve se malphing wth ln he bee namle Ze kee at ens, ‘ecaninerthaty neat ys ponte ad ns mgr yar tobeneste) {hen we cn bere ht gx =: Roe tt te gel sign hs chnged te ee ulin wid yi ez‘Notations For ere sae s andy soya tats iageerthany s4vsymmnesisgeate thn oral. 5p yuan hai at tran. ox yeaa tats sot shay: ny meus tht ish les than. Properties: Pr sealer s.2a0 aes waER Forecamp, Gosbabo2 roots +ca-0-¥+09 Sartor ow ifs peter thn hn cowbeles han) aitscnshenss-y ite yandy eben aitscyandyenteasez Fundamentals of Algebra s Shovoiewumenee sree ttentyane ptt sutsyem bet Sc fort neganiy2?-5> 92-1 fveg shad adsl a flows 6-31 90-9) Aa WOMFundamentals of Algetes sre wuld be eng. Doo blr 2 Tbe x= vl whi spr on alton ‘Shu st he gly Yo chon tue = he ingly ind hat ‘Toes that when we cnt ou e- )fom heth sie, eel re ding ‘hist -s)andclne we do oto ten af 5) we camot be sui the seca (erin othr that vary handy and woul bo sed equa (Consider x> .O2 amber ne the ot fal alas of that iy his noni is ‘peste ye odin the fling fee ‘strana ofthe above wo ine rap nd the sltion ett th onesies sine nha eget leo ‘hefloing ne gap. ‘Teter isbecene of OR and net AND S> gANDa> grille theintrtina > 5 ‘rote ndemtaningefeemaie on mtr Shee Tish yu natn he saber rasp and tld exes hep do# meal eae sng ilowng egy 246+ 8-3) > Tiss of he pea = ses 0 Tie porsle Wal tres fsb onde peste OR Wea ham = pote seer ore oni, ater hn ying psi, a mper ay aloes. (-2 lb pose ic> 2 and negate sgindoenece eg l(c s)elbepentvens» sandnenne fet ein te shove des gases (2) (2+ 4) 2 (5) lb psn nd bane hn pend be pase. Ia 50-4 <3-<2 ater hn tga the abo we ces sng lot he poate were the em wl change th gt 08 rer esos Aa niFundamentals of Algetes s Va ee ‘hmumbertine erect lth as of om = tot: ogee tin botan ‘nese repos fer rpos fer thine. ow nee ety thee wales of that sats tegen bea ane =a) 8 E-B)>0 Forte ight mostoin i> 5a rm be pte and het pod wil be pre Forte cond repo om he ht one ter wl tr agave nd ths the roduc be eaten hs ange of Forte hid ein fami side, ems ‘ll npn mange produ ponieternernge ot A008 ‘vercaect we could ose the equa x5) > 9-5) ing Yh ies xi (G5 ele yo tka -shing priv rng. So ton dow se ‘his inulin fer vay? Thenegay en be ewien x= )-9 (=) > feoepa-a>0 Skasjtsentheseadon ett tinea Bess gor es ‘ole wort rewind to he stat f the cape hte ea lo he papbetyejsevtan pos bee igi ye6e pew. Wen hays forall vn of > pore gad i epic for 9 <5 The ay ate oud out fo theo enon ‘oeabore method can be used to sole any quarto ihe es nega. nt theinegalig? > aa qadaeimqaiy and ean be writen at -9> 9,40, (+200 a> cant solute Ug common sas alo we an otcethet te rgnrane rein aberate rege Howe thesipn wilethesae consecutive rege, Pee coreponding equation hasan) cual Ste gentoo CAPS Her sendy <1 Bon uWi of te floing saroents ise? Bermore-w sec sysnoneeftee ample 38: etx go> thn id tberange ofr = 500-6)> 0X dee tnbaween and, “eyeing te graphfthe xen a inerpingthe eats. xamplea9: Suaeasomdsz2 He-exeasontenst-aersaso 2-96-9500 Aa niFundamentals of Algetes s Soto Ghwesteeses sample 3: Selation Sipe gepeonactcs Enaaple se Srta-sstoistis6 (oF rae gesszeserwe-gze enous? gore Wey ¥-g620>G1OG-020 Combining hesaaons and by wegetx Snes “ifr ose the selon toa ands ear Substiingforxin thee > a Bene 92 2.3022 camp For at lat of wuld the falonng inguaies become +7> 42nd 67 ‘Towlrgtcaefias an of 6+ > 4 tema peel vale oy eam be Eran a sobefor £0 895 Sup abarellee) Selation: Arango ge gets a> aand ans apon 2 c40re 2) Sten tien 8:24 a-axers-fos Soh the ling Gndepeden tench he for auritbytemewrstdavite sta 2.11 2-129 ands isan ern postive ier then nd th al) of 20. f09= 082-0) e.-9. 05 «53, thn ind beangee aes fe wih faze 1816) = 6166-26-19 then id cage fro of sx Fed hemngeofrlerofetateisfern (2-2) (0-8)= (4-8 <0Fundamentals of Algebra ok Aa 129 Wnt isthe minim ed anima posible valu of for eah ofthe loving 24912004 barponevaslrendh at ab 2+ bth which of the llega S y “ews et pd cea conden ivan Zedgudpinde Lr1dasoandb- contin fa and gh tri in he engnson of (+ 229 a2 sped head thralnat 2Fundamentals of Algetes s Coordinate Geometry and Graphs i Introdti roping teins yo natin lea ae ‘is nething spel ecg tat ou ase era eqns ino Farle terse ‘oe same athena thorns pd cosas tat you por is Geom wl be A wih incon sonst Hower hs act an ingore tp fem CAT prec ad have made fv 2ypearencesin te preous eas abe. ‘earning Objectives ass of cent geomet susie (Coordinate Geometry and Graphs condi soe sed resent ger eaions on gaps ‘Wesabe tng wth wo dmeasionlpobloms, where thar ro to aaa be bled. ‘Thera ae oral ented y thon psi (9) Aa ‘Teboscnial eistheX-nsonthe vec eth Vas tsorite of einen the X late 9), mpi ta tata pepe stance of tom ‘he and aes eld he ond the coorintes ofits (62). Some fundamental formulae: 1 Disanesbermen ha pois 1) 28 ite SAT Theses ef ean whos ere a8 9906 79a 19 (igs-39 +m 3 +840.-301 {Th pints nt dhe he ie ning open points ey and (9) inthe rat mn iteraly and etry ape (283, sree - - 4 Th cori of th i pin of he i eing pit 9) a 5) Conia anle The cen of lange whoever ae Gord baspand ep ypie (BE, Bene (6 Slpeot beneath poits i rand a FOE Bf 1p) Te dope 7 these of oline bem amy ths heine ile niFundamentals of Algetes s Opmilaita,-m, (@pepeniaritngn = Standard forms «A eit nec wien ay = whee isthe lp oh ight Ta, 'Sthe Vier othe cornet th pint at hich he stp Enc the Va. 2-The equation ef soaight ine psig tous 5) and hang slope ms y=, = na 19: The sunon of. tight ne ping trea opi (yy and ey 1) «The poof section ofan ons ofthe form y= + an diame 6 The length of erpendi om gen pint 903 genie my a, wh iste length of perpen Tn paren, the length of erpedinderfem gin (oo) totalinear by +2082 example ie pst hough he i plat of Hoe joing te plas 9-9 an 6288 ae asopec 2 Findthe qutin id pinot ngs Dan) K Aa Theeunion ofthe lanicy y= mie-m. 9-1 rahbegt-ar+36-0 Fad the quan che ine housh 0 and para tthe Hae ing te pits (2, ads) Sopot ine ining ganda. 21¢ amples “The eros of angle are 22,2) an (Fed the equation of he aide ‘hom to heappnt se. tthe verivrbe Alas) BC qDand ly shalope BC niFundamentals of Algebra bk Aa ind be euatn ofthe perpen ier of thio (6284-2). ate peat be 6) 28d) ei pr = (SASS) ‘Example 5: ‘Watt agin hie ihn a pot A 9) ad B-2)? Selation: auton igen by 2-2 e pears ay-gens Baample 6: Findthe aguton the matin om Ain ate with veces A (5 6,3 -s. (5506 0,8 (4.2) and Cie). De he pi of BCD = | media AD panes hong 6) s9-8- 7-9)Fundamentals of Algetes Tanai pin fie se of wane we (-2, 65,9) abd Fad he aun ftestest the wande “athe tangitbe ABCD, Ese beth i pn fC, CA and A pene DE G-D)EIEC 3) s2d Fis (66) Theijpning tne pelt ft cipal 2 ‘heise so slpeot 8 oD Ga) eaeinton BC Egadonfle Bing + 5: oar a8=0 sBts gaa pineal DE AB soslepeat Aa Egunos of ABiy-6=: oo ample: Fad he gun fthe ie ping hog 3 and hoe nee om the ae te scoala mapstade bu oppstein sin tthe ites onthe zest anda Telntcepfomofthe equaonis ‘Tetneresestheushe) Satins (ante egaia scaragticaieasa Meiepietnmibieraseriirsee amples: Fath gun ofthe ie ping ough te pol ofatrvecionc-7-9= od xs y-asoandpepenticlrtoat-y+a=0 ‘Theewolloe ze -y-g=0andx 4-20 Suing te to eusis s niFundamentals of Algetes iaat-y The poo of intron (2 The eguied ne pases roa (3) and peediouatnax-sr=3 0, Sepecfhelineae-ay +3 0ie Sopeofpepentilr is = Egat of hereutelline yy =mie-m) ‘Test Your Understanding Levelt ar-g=exeyee pepe vac ap 8:08-aF Gog gece s ‘2. Aine pase though), 5) id 2 poi comon tiie and ax y+ ‘9. Fad the corns ote cramonatre ofthe gence errr Aa OsGaseamicao rE BeLomCend) (4D th ahs cfte allo elti. sfo)29P = pre =e) sing bevel. 4 Fed he pint titers afte ax +y- sound 5y +g #0 ad ao find {he enti ofthe line rele fo Sens wat pe tough he pit of inetion fhe. 6. Fd the ecuton of the ne ple to ais and ping tooth the pit of fnesecion tele yond ot 3210, heed pina eo te dee rng ine psa tough the pitt tetin ay = gad ge = Pad serge 50 Fade egetin 9 -Fnd he equton ofthe ine theagh te pit intone ier = = gad 2+ y= sand seg the ine eget jining the points 5): 5.2. 10, chsinthe gto fh i which sconce nih the line x= 2 = oan 3x Wipe sse oad perpen tft jenn te pte 9) 088 2, How do sou pee he olloong enon on bs? tones) niFundamentals of Algetes @aGalseaaicee @ACABEHoIaC(a» 4 raw he sph oft ning etna a6 2 50) apts bea) + 30 fein) |. Pad he pon fitenetin ofthe 2x +y-1= nnd sp + 3+ oan a nd ‘he equation ofthe ine paral oe wich pre trgh de pit of nereton ofthc tine 6. Find the aqunon of the ne pre to Tas ad ping through the plot of ‘neon oftelinesx+¥-3=oandax e372. ‘Seco ifthe pin (yi thee 0. Astephling yes tcghthe ont fineniancfaroy = gan gry = 7 and sey p se. gut 9. Fad the auton oh ie thouph th pit of mtaionfthinesx + y= 9204 2+ = sand esting he ine segment ing the points, and. 10, bain station of hi wich concen wh the Hie xy 2 = 08d 3 igs epson ppeniesi tthe ia ig he ont (yg) a 0. 1. ow do you reper flonng eons on paps? oso-sei5) OHO rennet ts (pho -98 4-9foal xe ees fee epee the renege con fro 1 Find theareaofthe fue ounked bythe sreps | =2 5 = 1, Find hegneal earn othe papain ued ue, Fase = {Ya Tey move towards ach ther hey set we hey corn 2, nd thera of te sped ofthe two ants sg Acarmmoe sng ina =e where winnie nent ay he ‘peed in mee persed (no) Fade dance ered tear 6 Death raph of wha | ndientesthe mous anton an di he Aa niFundamentals of Algetes Functions 4 Introdti ‘chapter eet ea cones tad anos earning Objectives Dythe snd ofthe chapes yonshoul esti tao pobemaseiadts Basic ofc Crete intone Lope and epoca ftione Functions Fagntoe are ned to dence the ratoaiy beta varie. ‘Thueys ae gan bec innerage ot nae see) at The end sys fncina ote teva of depend onthe ae of and he elton hen ‘rte oy fnchon sod hsb onde ae anchor the pt and ‘Sect hat appear thea b deied by the faccn og the ‘shove eagle the ask oct 2 = apt = one meso comput 2) ome ‘aut conser th inputs = fone rats sot fag), oe mat at abate Spina ats Aa Fant ce be vinatndaron pt-pt mackie ow erin tan eatin codon Th ements of doen ae alld rege of toe sleents ofc doraa 2nd dont of e>domain a called inage of te omens of ‘Range The of lees in odo, ih tave a penne indi ie alld eatin for fein tobe dfe (A he omens of domain must Have a neg in doin, eagh 2 ast (@ Ber ema of domain can ha ol one ine i odoin ean eee in (amsin not ate mar os one ag, tough he lots ncn an ave ample Astea.g.a)aed aie be de Lt fnation A + Bird ct toate) ie aedorae od Bis cdots niFundamentals of Algetes Tw hiseampldonsin ic ~ (29,4) 2 codonsinicB = (.b 2.6 ‘We can ae tat al det is domi hee an image a codes bat oot al he denen ofco-doman havea pena Since calyb cand havea yee Range = bea Wecansay th genteel fein Wy? (Gy Everycenet o hase eoimaeinondomain. o hice atin (A= Bis defined doe ot ave enna “Types oftunesions ‘sigue po mageis domain One oe econ ee led inj fants Mang to One Funetion: &fancizn i alld many ove 3 est oo element of o> ‘Onto Function: funn ical otf ery elemento co-dohs2 ast one Into Fonction: fest lle nf hei nt ne element in doin, ‘ih dows chavs pr-iapn Goa, Wee also etn et 8) -ncertbe oe Bets Function: If fro bth on ee eats, then sis aed aie fen ori fneon Eeample2 niFundamentals of Algetes ok Aa Waidef te ooze faccnefs A> Sarena @ Ti cate of afte thn a8 cnt, ance, eaten ° ‘ine demas of age hae oa one pe mag, the en fncon oe e (Tesh hnin ea > a ac etal aceon oe claet (ia demia hare inageec ein domain ° amas) Bote) ‘Teisisnora vad natn 29 dvs otha an ina,Fundamentals of Algebra s Ton sber ft iw atin tha on dct dhs tie econ. Henin: he ation fl) = wi ais ry lament thse amen i fd a fey nin. e Dmatefa fact Veer ehh we petra asf. a Ranged ees fp frauds ef eda sample: foci ede fo = oar AR Fr wha eci = ot K Aa faerie fopestees)-onbunne cores Sothern ofzareoor-. Beample Afuocion i edeiaeta astra bralstZunde ss (2) Wise domino (0) Whats theraagett? ‘Theos eon tole of andthe age thot ofr of a thee protien | Danse =f0.52.9.45¢ sineoosx-ssandithlngs test oie. (ange =o) fr alineer lech ‘wekaow that say = sn tg =1845)=27 sample Baa) Sans. a7h ABLATED AOB" Godt al 8.2)Fundamentals of Algetes Aah i sce ete ge, sous enn tae Sg wie togvtesnesee oes aa ay sndenbernereenitintdrein died asain ‘sates ‘Example 8: tee oycpuiainumustcensene ~ set Hamiaerennemiinenimnmiemionnnes El — < ‘Solution: > Siekinsamne8 Inprovious eagle weave tentn fenton at fh ae oly at detion cer the entire ain tn et fal pone anes of x he int f the tin. “Twn thee ae funtion, wie B ot ave he sane Gn ove he ete range of spernspencont nati Heiseneeamplefin)= 20s4<2 On sea rendFundamentals of Algebra bk Aa ag Plazes tht lb iets ad ould erate to5- Ags) and gs) ae aed compat acne an a somata se psn 3 amet sae pt ape Hagens ES) reo rye Exanolee . foariainese nd 60, oo. 209 = 01-109) =8¢ (got = seve) =e) 200944 (2202), oI Composte Functions Conder fancies fy) = 8d gh) 25-28Fundamentals of Algetes s Eames Foran nepali a fosayes fen ede te) ie sya) He tray ‘oan wtih rao 3)? a sbgegdse Cumstbedeemined fad =feseas Now is) =e 09] =o 0,9] =f 3)-3 Jat ae we cou be pce the fon 5 eo prors the ton nth Thus tig = 162-9 = 08-374 ‘Boeing ties ater onsen computed fs). amar (ioe Til called « ted fection or an erate ft, Sch an eetion aly dead slows eg =a sendin) Perfor ees ‘Pease nte he superset oot be funon sed to a power 2 in des. his poe snp cava cent th ber on th acon 2 prod ‘erin expend bel K Aa Suppose forthe shove faction we lane tate i), Sins) =), tating = 4 waar) = FG) Botece ve do aetlaon Si. ebinetoapipata = yand edt) =A. ‘Tee reducing the capers eh in. Shi) = PP). Now since ston Pecan alesse then stating bak eat 6), By bstiong ako we wast 60) = F800 “APan= ALEC “Tosti oingbat perormingthe fen 4s erate ‘hoop a pono cine the ie gin By i) =m cheer i the wh tp Be aoe rd fo) dees the rarer of steph i inthe rk ote. the pee cee linbig the cara ste fd he calor f esa Desa sample 9) ~2x- sand oo = FER) ora 22. Fd PD, Parrarzins niFundamentals of Algebra bk Aa Fa)=Ha)=A)==e 3-425 Fe) FER) =F@)=2" 5-109 He =f) =F) = 229-197 Fa) FG) “Flonase ‘Asner ane uc es competed ay ats shat the yt rte) weld be ‘o ufestand tenn se evs mims aloo Sucve penn ‘Sessnosn ce honhevanaie miners ances. Reexcieg Sayers Payens-t=5 se)agee Bayar Hanoy, He) ah ssnd (= a soas Ave stp of problem ae he when fy war nd to det ferme ofan se Sevi.20.esamdingtanrl esata thorn 23 Clete? Safe = fal bere sayy er sepa sun ofthe ros 20 ‘are hy pros ve tera? Bezese and faethe reo tre ff syrahectn ‘ous one an eet ss foal steed of reset io ‘er fra attnicedd Sbaifsisom, wharisthe ale of + 5? ‘elation: > heh Geateesteal = 8G=B)-ME=2B) spee har hy shemale Bigg) en “Tata ane nouldbe f=Fundamentals of Algetes s Example ss eG = and 0, Selation: fee 265) =f) d= (adr Fee) =f) = 6) =H =H) = and Fe iat fans 00 ined san een anton =f. Site.) 29-15 Sand ao “Tonk ofan eon ft lle srntsesost te Vas ‘ep ien bec nthe raph pt a he ver ditance and sce {oro en fnton new ove fo) =) nal) =H) 0 om, ey ost Iastobe ated coe thei K Aa Afuoton ie dene aan od arta Bg) -29-2 Sea) 27 97 24a ao a) =-27- (a) 24 thie an ot sn th sap ofa oft, th is ad hi quaean wlb eons of ach Funesns canbe ned bythe usr nan wh way, Lets take a ok at an usa) NOT oes tht feos shape theca of he open EVEN o ODD. ‘Thee ate functor nether Pen ee ODD or cane: niFundamentals of Algetes s fg) =n +9 tn Bre aor O44 Yousnychecityoral Pts = yaad ands vee st) = 9 and fa) = 4. Cea £6) does nt Sty ee EVEN or ODD ‘Note: Evy fnton an be npn a he su fan EVES and on ODD ft, eridicty of the Funeiont 13 fasion 4) repens we ae » dete ‘screen ordre the aa ten wean atthe anon £5 = pride ‘een In helenae ger eas pero then wemasthave a ea ner Fonte ‘question: cansouree Panty? newer: Pillahayrbeamulleofp Example: Ges ht FE=AHAR)=D, id tot ore umber Pact fc ) =) fuorepedag bs7X-2 40-2) =) plang 2" font othe ini pone vae sand ti tps eh ction 0, Example Aa ‘eg be anton uh tht 9 2) 6-2) = se ey The fr wat vale otis telat + p= nessa efor ee als? solation sera rse-o=e60 sea) ao=00+9 ding tee ro sustons worst seeaene-n= Paeipesi=0 tsa okt an ans fast, Direction for examples 18 to 2f: Aton te examples ted oo te gen infrmatin, ‘aetna tht ie prs pinay be baka pape: Theis pee niFundamentals of Algetes sth ang efile 5 CLOSE: oto theboskst page uber. FORWARD, o: From te caret pag, une esa by pages if heroes, «4 BACKWARD a: Fom becarent page, ove bard n ages fn is roe, Fegenunter oi racbed cop sage nme In ack the falloningquntons you id eqn f nts fred ose ‘he eure above. nach get be th page nee berth asractons te ‘Srrueios ae coctd. Trt euch sgeence of iectoae ingen of the ters (hazed on 2 problem which sppeared in CAT 1090) Example FORWARD 90; BACKWARD, 5 wich of he font? nse naitat=ardus -0 (at =asptoidelas>0 (eons pei = 000 ne = opened = 50 Solution ates opoa ‘m= anda =, th stron gen shove wl i etn te tok he at ‘ete kao Gedo te itton pe ad then pion it page in (Geovding te intracine pe. ‘Tes ne = yi nT core Earle (au-neprided an 76) prod © (aa ~7peidak Ms 0(@) nes nape 2 (Noone easier open “Teor inet a= Kone tether pins em, FORWARD, 5; FORWARD ag vb ofthe lining tatemets te? G)n2-aiegoealrituno (ae-m=g04M> gomndm=1 @armintes Aa niFundamentals of Algetes pose (ead) call be proved seis. Consiring option) ou than he iron gn stove il tin the Book spge 735719) = gh proved M> gobi en. iene aaa Tears itr Example FORWARD, 5 BACKWARD, 4 wish ofthfallewng tenants? apna s+ aproieds em? yas snapriteg tc Cons=missmondedst-neas nam copied oe conoasottie ‘pose. 0) 2nd neal coe onside opin (0) th ifiene ven M anda att ists gen ‘shore nila te bok pee warded then oper 3 pge oad notes, ‘oars ibe one pge ahead ofa in s5 =m +The comet ane (0) ‘Modulus Function ee ee fs deneted Thus }=25 and 1-37 Dyin <= {eth nth definition, thought seta hae aloe en be epg ii ot asthe negate sel of ete name 2nd veal em ete Te fecone-arce orf that mate 9-2 we do nat ei x] We emt say hat taf Sow to sinot Hx-g2 010.29 thn -sfex-gandify-a cole xea.tee k-H0-x Cesar te gunn nga thane gga x8 Shee b> gts ae scopabecsaion Abels 9-12 hax 2 Sang 2 <5, thie a snpale td beosthe elton Sf 5 be oweerfwehad f-]>-7,. wouldhaeifs> 91-3 =-75e x= 4 Site tis ot 2: Sco at aw thant ala pve asl Th, thee aid ebvintSos espe, 9] bs te oul en fri = esis Sone prepertesf moduuefonsarecs follows 1x + sara hor equator n-ne ho egal 2 Aa niFundamentals of Algetes Equations valving Modus Se gHlst-ohmilstaacra? tated oat iss e.2 ne he eget oath stan a8 +5 vewoildet gor =-s Faces tht thee sreahinst the eiton sndocttos? + sHl-6=0 gH Gcowittes! sors G- aunts o bore ssine 2 song sen (Consider -sand tn en ego would oncom t= 5e & condisonn sents donno ger sy nun Tiny 22 + ile 6 = 0 would ne oo scons i uke very eppent sn, ‘espe ofthe valu oslo posveandso i sh and tbs? + si tas tobe peterthan or equa 6 Thus fer nals eae? +> 6 bee Most eqns noes mods can soe i iar anne by asain the ueeuprstin near sge arama pane sed ep Example: Scheforsife-s- feds ne hs eqation noes vo ters with modus, we ted to won abot th sinc (= 3) and (x 2) smtnensy. The bent yoo thi a et he ong ‘aetelneaales, “These puialar vals of are poted beans 2 esses thse aes 6) 284+ Pehange tris egee tt Regn “Tas cltins have to be rented wth the cents on 3 he ges eatin Aa niFundamentals of Algetes s Soce-a5<-sbanees= asiesesvadedatin fafetieeaserss ons Fores 25, il-Fo- SS Pdedntereess, a haepsieates ern he euatins eectng mad fron, be carl abot the erie pos hatin sais of whch he tla of he eran within ede satel ‘argesfom postive ngaieor eves. camp: Sovefor jae) ex=10. "earls Maxaa Theareabounded bye veccwves lespl=aie/=eendip| =a degeato ‘Graph snd Modes: Teganefy lon stows:Fundamentals of Algebra bk Aa wo Toetins neat and have dope of fe anes aed by ting the shoe graph Hares ‘atest Caxbat a. 0, ‘Example: Hoe mazy inter ettine nit ctshing ta oguatonl|-HIZU? IHRI+4 tasty ur eget, Foex> oanly> oie inst quran. +9=4 eex< omndy «oie thin quate. Fores oanty cota nour queda nova degepheninly bans, Fe baie rn raph of by jus ang bo al pints is bythe ies the eps quaint we conde the raph of f= f]as Combining te to moves te gah rigasnbe(a 8 anaamies ph siniors fA simply sans coneiring teFundamentals of Algetes bo Aa ‘an grphef et wut al be piste iin tbe ines Now oe en xy id She sumber of pot wih agra eo-oaes Theansverbeg + 207+ 5 +249 Ena: ‘Waa ib teeta of fe “Ths the ina th he prion cantak jad thie br al aso soit ‘Teabor graph coda haven undesirably 2s ows: sates ar: x.y 224+ sis2 ward sloping ne as lope 2 postive, pod 2002) yeteg-uemeaees 1th above is understood ne can qu ase tat the ah the expen if weld oa “ths f+ fe} nould tte ee ane eB xt tae fs tant raat ffi an band ee [2 Esample a5 niFundamentals of Algebra ok Aa Habs heeqnion ter + Gg) (era) es)=8 on yu ra the graph for he foun equation? welt Hint Draw the parol grphfor eguation =H afr Hae 9-0-9)-0609- 0-8 ute so thts nossiton see D se 4-0 eneiag he agutnie ea) oe ge begs ga sgcenotbeegilton. Sethe oashtion gees teagemion eee ade eg) see) gatFundamentals of Algetes Greatest Integer Function ‘Thogroatst integer fnetion i: en ‘dees he recs earings tea In genr fn ean ntaper nds any el rumber bowen ands tesinex ce 9. Forecampls (gal Sima Cos 1+ 096)=-r3ed0on. ‘hae isons chery doing rset enti (ich ty tin peaeptlene nye nmber cn of ne itera yt psn tinal yt Fe ce {consi ofa sr Suintear a nd ay ste trl par All el mabe Be cpremedintbename ne x= 15 Evers the itegelprt of ad fishe tinal prtand 0 < Fn t Should clear ow, ov abapeslsia Soa, fomttrras i Uersletsrorel=s El-feeas)es ra eae Ain orang aaa, (= eh peut anne, ane 2 tap ae ‘eos tom fn) nil take a tego Hence be ange fhe ction es Che ssofalinteger Sorta rset enfant th raph eckson “Teancin shred step fos nthe raph ek a sample 26: 1849) =) the gant tener ion Sor xr tero9, sr eas tsos Aa niFundamentals of Algebra ba seen inegra mbipecfo, anc te vae cease. 4-0) ‘Example 30: a) =) ae) do) ores nd the al aoe facts gun fe) =x (wha) a ete ‘he tinal pared eat tpt nr egel oar sotation: Selation: et) = 45) 2025) 2005] = 0-48 eta) fad Example 8: sie seo totter - stxh =x fn: [+ fos als fol =of seta a on 0stex tabi gan beat alton The tans tht beter as oy sen 208 2 OR ie grsar an 1x8 ted nue and fg avast in apostle ceetosbes Aa cet ew] / Example: Which of cand sen 48972 ie peterthan I aesenvemoand gx ‘ote: ees tein es onthe vas fem a einthe eit “Logarta Puncione “Telos font tive of ent fenton. Defiant sumkerN eee inthe frm (vee 2» 9 3) hn ‘tosis = then Xe 8, ee sa pate nue ot egal Eg sccosse 1 en 1900" sloze 0-3 eas of vega nobersare net defied “Teeter ection tna niFundamentals of Algetes s eee ‘ogni by alle tha hae iss constant dependant of) Ales Bo and ie at sSvayeponte nf ert in areal umber pnt, ser orange) ] eer cones sample 3 Weidhtandyiegeterflogg eta? Solutions Cannot be detemind swe donot now, thera es bene oan oat eters Hales becwenoand x anda > dsfson Properties of Lagettne 3K Aa nu et sel) sachet a) hee so, Whanbaseisotmenioned weaken 35:0 ‘coo th mort somenen bee dare so and ec antierpoplry end ration anberandwepulte 275. pet hace ear calle Natur Legare Logarta bane soca Bese fn the amber of gin ony mon niFundamentals of Algetes os Pca (a git and hao witha dit ssng6 Ne common tate made by beginners ie ig) eg ego lego) lg eg bah fbi are rong ‘Exponential Equations and thee solutions: ‘Wi equasion icin the farm 0 rhe tical exponent geo «th exponent geton en be pat nthe form =a vsllgrete shin, the 3) = 560 evan ste sation tf te exponential equaton cannot be pt in he orm 282 = a0 then select an ‘cpenentl any Tee punt thn canine aja oan Inthe egenetia a if> then ao age alae of ai pot sot ps Hos 5 0 eating epee om bat idee ge = 2 Pampa se gh 68.44 hmbow many aes oe poset Hare 52408209) gash 85 sGE esp estaat en aetaatea cate K Aa niFundamentals of Algebra bk Aa Heng, wo aus possi ‘Logaritumic equations nd thei slaions ibecqaion ofthe fry = og) ten scaled latin equation 2th lpi egtion cme pt in for eg 3) =I thn i ge {best ly tow aes fx hich wl gi th lets for) = Mh tad bh als make bth a and bn pase, tbe lpatinc quo cane pot the fore (ema gga hen by nating the og resin ay th ution wl change iat yom egation ny. the Dass ofthe lpi exes ate alte feos of the sltons ‘pur ike teat otnrgrnershan betel ‘Example 36: og) + (0-0) = (4+) a tan nati value solution: )angtosest no) at age ee She a)= aes)sats aye postve thea bef abet saesikederocanenso nen -6 eee ow om th, ior] ok Aa esas a he condtons 6) etn ini 2 sample gt lagi FFG, etait che sions Har etn ET) =0 Bon FFF) 8 4 Sates i Bsampleay- Sele fo iymo oae—hne™ Selation:Fundamentals of Algebra bo Aa ANSTeTE Tale ORES ample go oe logy) lags ft 9) ei Exponent negation Novag 8) tas) lfx> oanda> b> xthenat> BE sotas (X-5) < Mag sp aii anie yoy ia) Lg -9 sMomdiminyewtentar Soak dad tas 9 clos) Oe 5 (2-5) Mie eguliis rece dacs rbetveen 22d) Properties of Logarithmie inequalities: bifayrandocs t thino (heen the lang Vas oter38) oraneott6,9 (ovanests 5) Direeons for questions 1 to 121 Aner the questions Use cate flomiag “Teflon Faccorhne bes dened rte 8 Bande, © D) Arnage Asad HA.2) Prd of Aand 1.0) -Asnstcty s4. Mas send = thereofFundamentals of Algetes s 2 UCB, BANvoaltte sa ThesumciAsndD sgn ANCAD D/C AD. AG CAB.LEUAB DAVAO 9 Thesumofd, Bends gay ANE OBANOIEECBADOLA) c(CECBMannEdeRanon Directions for quentons 14 te a6: The guotcas are hued oo the Glenas ‘aration, ae) =te) as Maa de (Gasca zoblen wich eppeedin CAT 960) 14 Theva casita, mind) mad man ware ag Geathata» ben th reaon Magma) ta) = ls mss, bynes nat ait K Aa iA ReTELNRESS eavesbeoial<[bldarabeoyal>[b) earebeoiale i 36 Toa faa) Mae) mash nd Qe) wana = 6 b= gad 29b se-c1d.-soe.tonect ihe pombe to? Dizetions for questions i and 9: ages) tematic ss = see 9)= Bosna 2) Find thas fe + metab) mea + rina) me) 22-2 and aabocsdaee 10. ie othe foningnst aa become fab oP 2 malta, byzmenea. mad) moe, b) > met A) «moa. RD 40. Find theange ovale of fuel amber whee y= =A a P22b 626 05752 € 954 a Roneftine aid he age aloes oficial uber whe = TSH. ay27b Teyst e951 sys? « Nootottee 42. Shera fa) egy =7.ace yao) =5.Ce ad aemalzuters) ap. siefor sf x-2)s2and ee al 2 4 ive amber. 4 Scxofornifetge oat 2 bo. earleamter apts oot seand ice 46. Wht he minim psite of a hobe Bab a. Whats heared win te shot > ‘tensors ands. and' tered numbers) sieryizgaatie-y Dye helt andes efes=3 a8. sokebe it deg Pssst tenth att tg 200s) hea man reas of ae poset so. stefir if ap 2-Se1) <1 54 Ser tengo 2? tageFundamentals of Algebra 4 Fed th ang or las ofy fuera number vee 5 =F a.y27b. 15757 ¢ 757 4 05757 Ronettes 42. Sshofersyifh eqy= 7a [p-t0l=9.C¥ and Yara aanbes) ag. saheforniften| s 2andineal 24 xibanatmunber 44. Shafer itp eon oo? 220. ¥ inant cna apis sy csand xen = tense fesandy. Candy are mbers) 46. Whats heen ese raeo a baPet beled ba 7 Whats beara nls tin te a of a eeyisaendie-risa bays prabs andthe ais efits a3 assivetor vit Inggeeoa tesa slgpin (stent) 9.02071) s4 es onbow may alse ar pose 50. Sohefor if egg G22) <1 54 Sober Biagafe3? tags K Aa niFundamentals of Algetes Progressions 5 Introdti ‘Ths hpi uw coco aad to pogrsions nd ait, earning Objectives Dythe snd ofthe chapes yonshoul esti tao pobemaseiadts “ethno Gometcand Harmonie Progresone Progression Sequence: -Asoqnnnifncionsthone doin in (hot ofl tetra ube) ad ge ‘sas of ho sett eal mane Sia putasoqeneeis 2 faeon £y wete Progetsons: 105s not senor tht the es ox agence as allow scripts or be Ase by some ec le fo thew em sequence fn which all terms {Follow pattem called aprogreston. 1 anthmete progression —— Aa thetic progensos esegurace of umber inch the diene tens 25 No ‘see unre avaconsan Foresite 6.2536, «2005 {nthe expe arth iene beeen ayo saci uberis eg 5 sda eepe Th dence incall the cero dierence “Thegeanitons tgresngtiseaeien sodas a8 94 soe “Tested nttios ns fillow. = common difeea Tele, Sy=Sumetturs asie(S ste formula aor, woud al obser tat (27!) wong you te erage of Desig othe ral bon weabc ine niFundamentals of Algetes s comet nding th al ute ofcmmrte em, hw nm wp op, 300 ‘ppocedto ses adic in (cen the rt ofthe above ution Ye sete? I they can Be, wl they Bate an sigan? Examples sie grearamcfist Solutions ‘sth om 15-6 tht stain romthe at term, eon ding oe er, sees of se. What dove =-2 tl Late ste own it tere “Eneaddup te LAST TWO TERNS othe ered of ins, we ign at Uhesame sum 2 and hence, fw 26¢ up votes Hom ewe eth sae Aithmetie mean {Fie rai any escent inthe ste deri gal hoeghon sgoen, thes hesoquce sade bein a peomese progression setae, “Ty=Theath term and ‘y= Thar etane ne an ha taoning view Aa niFundamentals of Algetes bo Aa mace Sak gken bythe sluton ofa peyton Seofigfaite terme in GP ce ft quent. amazed Bu his igre when conan deren apureFctin Ga << 2) Tis ‘pul snes he tr rma the sre bco eigen andthe vein ai to Secorerying oa fntecohe aandbare say totems, Cele he rome man of and band ges oe (Aided ont or act of poste bers aGPharinfsisam andra hemin tis ie. Tomahe olen ese, floning coud be sels sana omentin 1 Thremunber nan APcbodbeabeees- dened, Fou mbnsin an AP should be tlan aga dae d.a ea 5 Thisesumber iss Gabel eens. LAA arentp artic ripote sina, “To Sind th harmon mean ef ae staf mbes, Sad he antec mans of te reco ofall the mumbes The rere ofthe atete mean so fund i tbe ‘Teeratcaship weld begs health umber ie niFundamentals of Algebra “Hormone poprenion drier te name fom harmon in maria ater. the great mathematician Lenz sida che Machemats foe uh does at es Dat Ieisenmting Latur nowlookats few sled examples cape Fd theo fll nen ber foo 920, ceding ei ‘Tovanqeccs fll ve bec e365 34.396 298, 900-Thre ae inal ch ers Su fal uch rn bors Toe sequence ofa ips tm 2010.00 2,26 20, 298295, 90, There Tons ofl mabinect Henn sum ofall requ sumbes= 6-6 = s.242 ample ‘he smo te ist to toms of2 OP -gand the sum of heist tras i. ind Solution ares geulenes w) ok Aa Stiles aioe Ae atari 1s From ij wege tog Menten e424 63-682, 24-08008 ‘xample § ‘The sth turn of an APs 2, The common Silene is Find the um ofthe fet ss solution: asmesiaes ‘Tesghermie nt 464) ene custo Sst teem sasesns sgn 2th siegesok Aa 18-9 bGaeg eters) aees-s) “Tenth clement ose is ened 98, wi of he ening anys ae? Nemo 8g M Nyse and otha 1 epostvtfnisenn b. spesthetta sea ‘ha iene bonnets rms iin cri 6 12, 24 thay ai GP, om, 5, Smeets enen ‘: pry exon anc sear ea Nene ctiee > ranape Solution Wats the ae oth fling expen? Myeeke skeen yes WY yt Kran way ea 1 Chie a, (aac. Beg samples: wher sand econo is Lacan, 2) Then eneFundamentals of Algebra bk Aa eee eg Sg ae aon aa aa bay a solution Staats et syat-n)= S20 sods Snape Sita) sir} os Example a ae-getnien 099 goons 6299499368099 Sotation Ae tp Es nasty (eas covers tare gle of 6 and the ss of tn in ee sch ole = Deena a Oe Te Trample: 1h sf th fit st fa tht ogni ht of a St 33 2ob-sed 26 Notuiane Setation i Gin et Steet tt Moran) = Htzeor-nde ae 05-p seavued-asacseedFundamentals of Algetes s Fora bonus sgeace, fo thd ters aad ach tera the gue he sum fhe peeves to ters tat sgaence Ihe ieecein squats of W206 se yyb76e 59 dy eCamot edt kth hand the rites beady, Aoy?-22= 9979 281-2897 syandn= 8, reboe Sth term = 7, Enenple ‘Thesum of andy cements of actus propesin i eu ioe om of 6, ss ands denen the seme progreson Thea ih eames fhe ees Sho eceranlpbeomal tans? sath gteatta. ae Renee Sotation 0: Attest terme and oman fern be then we term sghiem asd onal st mt ete in aren a Aa niok Aa “thing ter nl rt rth it ‘Toes nteaater ihe ample lg 2 log (@- 9a (ot -7/).amin tatprogreion ten the alo oe asbacadses Setation ‘gona Sango dined (nthe end expen.Fundamentals of Algebra J terms sch robles bese by akin the vale of amber of ems. Las 52 2 duck the geo. He ak tts of ts ofthe hen cts cones “ow loathe cpon and put ube of toms 5 2, nl opin (antes the dove ‘mec ano, Example ‘Theseeemecaldcebewsit attest ya ‘Tess sequences an APand te toed equals GP Sobesuntontemsis 2H-(a-taI-t+| 2) ae ample: Find the um tos er fhe eons Selation: Kv -eaee beastly eel octet cat niga am Aa WOMFundamentals of Algetes Special cree ‘besequncets ies 9,8 5, soon Tht tem canbe tan Toesumaton al tetera euch equence cel besten Sia, thereat segment 3 3.458 ‘Too sum tn rms of such segues wien F the eqn 3,95 48, te mm toto of uch sees wen Example 20: id besum oft seqeneo 6 ens BG. sede Aa SoFIyeTia 290 ‘Test Your Understanding Inel-t Te ato brn cam of terms of 0 AP +6): + Fad he aio 23-1na erin cow of cncrous ls ch ito wo ees hour Vat wl ‘eth toa umber ofc proacedinzspnefo fous sari asa cal? Level: It niFundamentals of Algetes s mp ‘Test Your Understanding Levelt {The ato Between sum of tesa wo AP (98+ 8): (m3, Find to ao ‘tha conan colony of cancerus ce dhl ies it wm ery Your WM beth uate oes produced ia aspan oo huts. estar witha dg od? “g-Abalisdrpped om abit cm fact tse th ona it rbouede {word the dance ough wichita 4. hl tence ht he alte wien trac the topmost ton er heh oer. {A snd Bot ut toe each ter fom to hes 5 om apr Atel em heft aye the cond dy nhs on the hed dy and soon Bal 0 km (hey met fe sured monn tard ache tthe suet! Wists asumtowtameettamiaese (eas)efeesesieleesegeaden? Level I 8. Find the um tera othe lig @)s24s2a7seqio+ (eriorseréee 9-H he ttc Aa niFundamentals of Algetes ‘Maxima and Minima 6 Introdti ‘Ths hapten with concps estado mama isin, earning Objectives Dythe snd ofthe chapes yonshoul esti tao pobemaseiadts nigh sino te ina ve fm epesonti ‘Maxima, Minima, Maximum Minimum Danas nia of 0): Mace iin fe tobe opi a nny sade sip a hyo th beeazioneals, med st be due, maxina and wisina of a quzdiase acu lok st are of ren that ante censenona wll 2 coven “Toenpharin, macina mina ot nce 2 tops froma bu oe oust ‘chee spss to soe such queso by aerate meas. Preamp ‘Wears the minim poses of ie epeson 6? Selation: BrtarsgrastraPs Eeample a: ‘Tiscanbe writen 30-6: “Temkin aoeof he mason 30 samples: ‘Whntsthemasimom poner he ft ‘Tans 2) sng) (gad 0 Saces bred webae(a 3-45-0) (m2) 2 oorum*-aum-29 50. Aa niFundamentals of Algetes s ‘We gtthe mma andthe minima pout aoe of epreio rom he nalts above San the pec wih ierentiaco may notbeageodehodto doit, (ven sum, the minimum predeet OR given product, he minis sm ‘The foowng scasion salon pose vas. net this propery canbe For pst sre, f the sum of the rable i constant the pod of he ‘saris nave the asian vl when a te are ae aa Twifarbs ten 23+ bve Tht cache oqo andthe minum pod wie sos sod} ca pout then de produto bs ey ein, However fe mninum value ofa <(0+ 1)» (e-2) waskd (gre that +B e=45 and cate pee) tou nt be = 67-250, Here Sache pad (8), and (¢ 2) ing tad we aed oni the men Or oantesaandabor-+9=(0+2, soaso+9 (603)= 6 Thar eatin rod age (b 4) (e+2)= ad formason piste) CE ‘Tan cravre others oti, Aa Fe pate vabley if the product of the vale costal the sm af he ‘ales hve th nnn vas hen alte vale al Seach rpetes cba ak®9 2728 ndtv fa + lcm thata band cae poston. ‘Tlie of br evesed thn ih potatoe bands Siotiting = b= ay and e~ 8, weave «art = a7 =a ad we Bae to sabi = a7 Bonar cates eyo yngica a= ofthe tae wl be when aay aul Ts eset sn “Tesh col alesis ben dene withnrodocng ow vie = ni