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navTobis moqmedeba zRvaSi

qvemoT aRwerilia navTobis laqis garemo pirobebis zegavleniT gamofitvis rva mTavari procesi,
romlebic Sejamebulia diagramaSi

navTobis moqmedeba zRvaSi

gavrceleba da gadaadgileba

navTobi, romelic wyalze ufro msubuqia, warmoqmnis laqebs da okeanis zedapirze

gadaadgildeba garkveuli siCqariT, romelic damokidebulia gravitaciis Zalaze, zedapiris
daWimulobaze, siblanteze, gaZgifvis temperaturaze (anu gamyarebis temperatura), qarze,
talRebsa da dinebaze. garemo temperaturac mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs navTobis zRvis
zedapirze gaSlaze, radganac siblante temperaturazea damokidebuli. unda aRiniSnos, rom nedli
navTobi sxvadasxva Semadgenlobisa arsebobs da aqedan gamomdinare, sxvadasxvagvari
qmedebiT xasiaTdeba zRvis wyalSi. blanti nedli navTobic ki SesaZloa swrafad gavrceldes wylis
Txel fenebSi. zRvisa da qaris zemoqmedebiT navTobis safari “iweleba”, formas icvlis da
ixliCeba, ris Sedegadac wylis zedapirze Cndeba navTobis moZravi laqebi, romlebic yvelaze didi
koncentraciiT navTobs (navTobis yvelaze sqel fenas) wina kideebTan Seicaven. wylis zedapirze
navTobis laqis gadaadgilebaze gavlenas axdens rogorc qaris, ise dinebis siCqare da
mimarTuleba. qaris zegavleniT navTobis laqa moZraobs siCqariT, romelic qaris siCqaris 2.5-
3.5%-s Seadgens.

Spreading
the spreading rate mostly depends upon the viscosity, hydrographical conditions as currents, wind speeds,
tides .Twelve hours after the beginning of the spill, the oil may be scattered within an area of several square
kilometers (thus reducing the possibilities of operations at sea).

aorTqleba
gadaumuSavebeli navTobis umetes saxeobaSi aqroladi nivTierebebis maRali procentuli
Semadgenlobis gamo, am aqroladi nivTierebebis aorTqleba navTobis Semadgenlobidan
intensiurad mimdinareobs zRvaSi. aorTqleba sakmaod swrafia da fizikurad dakavSirebulia
daSlis procesTan. mas xels uwyobs wylis maRali temperatura da mRelvare zRva (wylis
Wavlebis zemoqmedebisa da navTobis buStukebis gaxeTqvis Sedegad navTobi atmosferoSi
adis). kvlevebma aCvenes, rom nedli navTobis daaxloebiT 50% SeiZleba daikargos aorTqlebis
Sedegad, rasac rogorc wesi, 24-48 saaTi sWirdeba. rac Seexeba mZime an narCen navTobs, misi
mxolod 10%-is aorTqleba xdeba imave droSi, dizelisa da sayofacxovrebo sawvavis, aseve,
faqtobrivad, yvela saxis navTisa da benzinisa ki - 75%.

Evaporation
The rate of this process is determined by the volatility of the oil and the meteorological conditions: rough seas,
high wind speeds, high temperatures.

emulsiis warmoqmna

wyalgajerebuli navTobis emulsiis warmoqmna (rac warmoadgens Sebrunebul (reversul)

emulsias da faqtobrivad, sawinaaRmdegoa navTobgajerebuli wylis emulsiisa, romelsac qvemoT
ganvixilavT), mravali problemis saTavea. sqeli, mdgradi, cximismagvari masis, romelsac xSirad
“Sokoladis muss” uwodeben - emulsiis warmoqmnis procesi damokidebulia navTobis tipze da
mas xels uwyobs mRelvare zRva. xelSemwyobi pirobebis arsebobisas swrafad warmoiqmneba
emulsia, romelSic wylis Semcveloba TiTqmis 80%-s aRwevs. emulsiis warmoqmna arTulebs
napirisa da zRvis navTobisa da navTobproduqtebisagan wmendis process, zrdis
damabinZurebeli nivTierebis moculobasa da siblantes da qmnis problemebs navTobis likvidaciis
saqmeSi.

zogierTis mtkicebiT, gamofitvis procesebis zemoqmedebiT SesaZlebelia emulsiis gardaqmna

fisis koStebad da nawilakebad, romlebic zRvaSi “cocxloben” wlebis manZilze da did manZilzec
gadaadgildebian; sabolood ki, xdeba maTi napirze gamoriyva da daleqva “mazuTis burTulebis”
saxiT. zRvaSi motivtive da napirze gamoriyuli umravlesoba aseTi koStebisa zRvaSi ganRvrili
nedli navTobisgan miRebuli produqti ki ar aris, aramed tankerebis, Zravebisa da gemis
Zirebidan modis.

mazuTis burTulebis udidesi nawili skdeba da ifiteba zRvaSive, Tumca mazuTi, romelic
napiramde aRwevs da aq ileqeba, SedarebiT nela ixrwneba, rac damokidebulia sanapiro zolis
maxasiaTeblebze. keTilmouwyobel napirze gamoriyuli mazuTis zRvis cocxal garemoze
biologiuri gavlenis kvlevebma aCvena, rom aseTi zegavlena seriozul ekologiur safrTxes ar
warmoadgens, magram keTilmowyobil sanapiroze gadaWimuli navTobis safari seriozul
ekonomikur problemas qmnis.

The formation of a water-oil emulsion may increase threefold or fourfold the volume of pollutant. The
emulsification process speed mainly depends upon the sea condition and the viscosity of the oil. The viscosity
of emulsions is generally high and increase the persistence of hydrocarbons on the sea surface.
Asphaltene content > 0.5 %: stable emulsions, ("chocolate mousse")
Asphaltene content < 0,5 %  : unstable emulsions, dispersion.

Ddispersia
nedli navTobis tipis mixedviT navTobgajerebul wylis emulsiaSi SeiZleba sakmaod swrafad
stiqiurad (TviTneburad) warmoiqmnas patara wveTebi qarisa da talRebis zegavleniT. zRvis
temperatura da sxva movlenebi xels uwyobs aRniSnul process. bunebrivma dispersiam
SesaZloa, xeli Seuwyos daRvrili navTobis uaryofiTi gavlenis minimizacias garemoze da zRvis
florasa da faunaze toqsikuri zegavlenis Semcirebas, rac Sedegia navTobis dafantvisa. mocemuli
procesis mniSvnelovani daCqareba SesaZlebelia specialuri dispergatorebis gamoyenebiT.
Tumca, dispergatoris gamoyeneba TavTxel da sanapiro wylebSi SesaZlebelia mxolod eqspertTa
da ekologiis muSakTa yuradRebisa da zedamxedvelobis pirobebSi.

zRvis zedapiridan nedli navTobis TandaTanobiT spontanur gaqrobas xels uwyobs dispersiis
procesi. navTobisa da wylis gazrdili sakontaqto zedapiris gamo, navTobis warmoqmnili mcire
zomis nawilakebis (burTulakebis) daSla (gaxrwna) mikrooorganizmebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad
gacilebiT swrafad mimdinareobs. navTobis mcire wveTebis Semadgenlobidan yvelaze toqsikuri
xsnadi aqroladi nivTierebebis gamoyofa SedarebiT swrafad xdeba vidre navTobis didi, erTiani
laqidan. gamoyofili aqroladi nivTierebebi Semdgom advilad ixsneba zRvaSi.

gafantuli navTobis swrafi gaxsna xSir SemTxvevaSi Tavidan gvacilebs navTobis safaris did
manZilze gadaadgilebas zRvaSi da albaToba imisa, rom navTobi napirs miaRwevs, Sesabamisad
mcirdeba. dispersiis Sedegad mcirdeba im safrTxe, romelsac zRvaSi CaRvrili navTobi wylis
frinvelebs uqmnis.
Dispersion
Natural dispersion rate depends upon the nature of the oil, the thickness of the slick, and the sea state. Fluid
oils spreading easily may be dispersed entirely within a few days in moderate sea conditions.
Viscous or emulsified oils, forming thick slicks, have a low tendency to disperse and may persist for weeks.

gaxsna

miuxedavad imisa, rom wyalSi naxSirwyalbadebis xsnadoba dabalia, nedli navTobis zogierTi
Semadgeneli nawili, ZiriTadad ki - SedarebiT msubuqi, dabalmduRare naxSirwyalbadebi -
sakmaod kargad ixsneba wyalSi da zRvaSi navTobis CaRvris Semdeg sakmaod swrafad ereva
zRvis wyals. gaxsnis siCqare damokidebulia iseT faqtorebze, rogoricaa wylis turbulentoba da
temperatura. navTobis es yvelaze advilad xsnadi komponentebi amavdroulad, yvelaze swrafad
aqrolad nivTierebebsac warmoadgens da umetes SemTxvevaSi xdeba maTi aorTqleba da ara
wylis fazaSi gadasvla. aRniSnuli dadasturda gaxsnili naxSirwyalbadebis koncentraciebis
analitikuri gazomvebiT, romlebic rCeba navTobis daRvris adgilTan axlos an mis qvemoT.
aqedan gamomdinare, daRvrili navTobis zRvaSi moqmedebis gansazRvris mizniT gaxsnis
procesi ar aris imdenad mniSvnelovani, rogorc sxva procesebi, rogoricaa magaliTad, aorTqleba.

daleqva (sedimentaci

daleqva warmoadgens process, rodesac zRvaSi motivtive navTobis nawilakebi ileqeba zRvis
fskerze. amisaTvis unda moxdes navTobis nawilakebis, romelTa simkvrive naklebia zRvis wylis
simkvrivesTan SedarebiT, saxecvlileba maTgan SedarebiT msubuqi komponentebis aorTqlebis
Sedegad da gansakuTrebiT, wylis svetSi arsebuli myari nawilakebis SemoerTebiT, rac zrdis
maT simkvrives, romelic axla ukve wylis simkvriveze metia. imis gamo, rom Ria zRvaSi myari
nawilakebis raodenoba mcirea, navTobis nawilakebis zRvis fskerze daleqva naklebad
mosalodnelia. aRniSnuli procesi SedarebiT xSiria napirTan axlos moqceva-ukuqcevisa da
estuaruli talRebis, qviSis moZraobisa an qaris zemoqmedebiT.
SEDIMENTATION
Sedimentation is mainly influenced by the following factors :The density of the oil ;The temperature of sea
water Solid matters in suspension in the water Sedimentation frequently occurs in shallow waters laden with
suspended solids. Less frequent in open seas due to the absorption and excretion of particles of oil by
zooplankton.On sandy shorelines, stranded oil often mixes with the sediment, this mixture being then washed
off by the waves and sunk.

fotoqimiuri Jangva

zRvis zedapirze motivtive navTobis safari mzis sxivebis zemoqmedebas ganicdis, ris gamoc misi
qimiuri Semadgenloba icvleba. mocemul process fotoqimiuri Jangvis procesi ewodeba. am
procesis Sedegad xdeba navTobis zogierTi Semadgeneli nawilis daSla da isini wyalSi metad
sxnadi xdebian da SedarebiT swrafad da advilad ifantebian daSlisa da wyalSi gaxsnis gamo.
navTobis fotoqimiuri Jangvis procesi yvelaze swrafad zRvis zedapirze an navTobis fizikurad
“gawelili” laqis SemTxvevaSi mimdinareobs.

bioqimiuri daSla (biodestruqcia)

msoflio okeaneSi da yvela saxis naleqSi arsebobs mikroorganizmebi (baqteriebi, sokoebi),

romlebic ineleben da Slian navTobis Semadgenel nawilebs. Ria zRvaSi da sanapiroebze
arsebobs Zalze didi raodenobis da sxvadasxva saxis mikroorganizmebi, romlebic Slian navTobs.

zRvaSi navTobis moqmedebis gansazRvris mizniT biodestruqcia umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria,

Tumca mis Sedegad ar xdeba navTobis moculobis an navTobis garemoze zemoqmedebis
myisieri Semcireba.

biodestruqcias xels uwyobs navTobis safaris gaSla mcire zomis nawilakebad wylis did
zedapirze. amasTan, aRniSnul process adgili aqvs bunebrivadac da dispergatorebis
gamoyenebiTac. saintereso faqtia, rom biodestruqcia aCqarebs navTobis bunebrivi gabnevis
process.
sakmaod swraf biodestruqcias xels uwyobs iseTi nutrientebi, rogoricaa azoti da fosfori.
amgvarad, biodestruqcia SedarebiT swrafad sanapiro wylebSi mimdinarobs (sadac am
nivTierebebis Semcveloba Ria zRvasTanN SedarebiT maRalia). nedli navTobis Semadgeneli
nawilakebis umetesoba SeiZleba mikroorganizmebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad daiSalos, magram
ufro msubuqi komponentebi, romelTa molekuluri masac naklebia, ufro swrafad iSleba, vidre
mZime komponentebi.

maRali temperatura xels uwyobs biodestruqcias. mocemuli procesi yvelaze swrafad arqtikul
regionebSi mimdinareobs. emulsiebisgan gansxvavebiT, navTobis wyalSi emulsiis siblante
utoldeba wylis fazis siblantes da warmoqmnis Semdeg aseTi dispergatorebi qreba zRvis
zedapiridan da rCeba axlozedapirul wylebSi, sadac Semdgom mimdinareobs navTobis
nawilakebis waylSi gaxsna

.
Marine micro-organisms (bacteria, moulds and yeasts) can use hydrocarbons as a source of carbon and
energy. Biodegradation takes place at the water/oil interface. The creation of oil droplets at sea increases the
interfacial area available for biological activity and thus enhances degradation.This process will not occur in
the event of oil stranded on the shoreline above the high water mark.Other factors influencing
biodegradation rate are: temperature, and availability of oxygen and nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen).

Weathering Processes Over Time

oil types vary and ‘weathering’ will change the condition of any spilled oil over a period of time