ahf/ / dlxnf

/fdrGb| >]i7

d]/f] 6]andf Pp6f Dofulhg 5 . Dofulhgsf] se/df Pp6f Zofd:j]t t:aL/ 5 .

t:aL/df Pp6f s]6Lsf] pbf; cg'xf/ 5 . s'g} sf]7fsf] t:aL/ xf] of] . s]6L knªsf] 5]pdf
a;]sL 5 / lglg{d]if ‰ofnaflx/ 6f]nfO/lx5 . t:aL/sf] tn ;fgf ;]tf cIf/df n]lvPsf]
5— ―;Ltf If]qL, jif{ @!, t:s/sf] hfndf kmF;]sL, of}g pTkL8gsf] lzsf/ eO{g / b]x
Jofkf/df ws]lnOg .‖ Dofulhg !@ cu:t @)!%sf] ―O+l8of 6'8]‖ xf] . Dofuflhgn] e'sDkkl5
g]kfndf dlxnf a]rlavg a9]sf] va/nfO{ se/ :6f]/L agfPsf] 5 . O+l8of 6'8]sf] of]
c+skl5 g]kfnL Dofulhg / klqsfx¿n] klg e"sDkkl5 dlxnf a]rlavg a9]sf] ;dfrf/x¿
k|sflzt u/] .
lsg e"sDkkl5 dlxnf a]rlavg a9\of] < t:s/sf] hfnf]df s:tf s]6Lx¿ kmF;] <
dlxnf a]rlavgsf ;fdflhs–cfly{s sf/0fx¿sf] nfdf] JofVof ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . O+l8of
6'8]sf] l/kf]6{df u/LaLnfO{ d'Vo sf/0f atfOPsf] 5 . u/LaL, clzIff, em'6f] cfZjf;g jf
k|nf]eg dlxnf a]rlavgsf d'Vo sf/0f x'g\ elgG5 . t/, dlxnf a]rlavgsf] k5fl8 n's]sf]
tYo, sd 5nkmn ePsf] ljifo cs}{ 5 . Tof] xf]— ahf/ .
ahf/ hf] cfw'lgs ;dfhsf] cleGg lx:;f xf] . ahf/ hf] ;Eotfsf] klxrfg ag]sf] 5
. ahf/ h;n] r'nf] rf}sf]df ;Lldt dlxnfx¿nfO{ 3/aflx/ lgsfn]sf] 5 . ahf/ h;n]
JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] em08fnfO{ ;u/dfyfsf] prfO{df p7fPsf] 5 . /, Tolx+ ahf/n]
dlxnfnfO{ a]lr/x]sf] 5 .
:jtGqtf dfG5]sf] lglDt a8f] lk|o x'G5 . dfG5] v'nf cfsfzdf r+uf h:t} ;o/ ug{
rfxG5 . ha aGwgsf b]lvg] hfnf] tf]8]/ dfG5] ahf/sf] v'nf d}bfgdf cfOk'U5 p :jtGq
ePsf] dx;'; u5{ . ha Ps s]6L efG;fsf] kl/lw tf]8]/ ahf/sf] eL8df cfOk'U5] p v'nf
k+IfL ePsf] dx;'; u5]{ . cflv/ ahf/n] dfG5]nfO{ :jtGqtfsf] e|d 5/]sf] 5 . xf], dfG5]
e|ldt 5 . dfG5] ahf/sf] eL8df :jtGq ePsf] e|ddf afFlr/x]sf] 5 . t/, oyfy{df dfG5]sf
kv]6fx¿ ahf/sf] ;f] s]zdf s}b ePsf 5g\ . ;u/dfyf r'Dg rfxg] kfOnfx¿ ahf/sf]
lasfpm dfn agfOPsf 5g\ .
;fdGtL ;dfhaf6 k"FhLjfbL ;dfhdf k|j]z ub}{ ubf{ ahf/n] dlxnfnfO{ laqmLsf] j:t'
agfOlbPsf] 5 . b]lvg] u/]/ ahf/n] ljZjJofkL of}gahf/sf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5 . dlxnfx¿
of}g ahf/df ws]ln/x]sf 5g\ . wgL b]zx¿n] t];|f] d'n'ssf u/La b]zx¿af6 dlxnfx¿
vl/b ul//x]sf 5g\ . of}gsf nflu / ;:tf] >dsf] nflu u/La d'n'ssf dlxnfx¿
a]lrO/x]sf 5g\ . t/ ahf/n] k|ToIf gb]lvg] u/]/ dlxnfsf] z/L/sf] ―sdf]l8lkms];g‖
ul//x]sf] 5 . cfd dlxnfnfO{ nfUnf ahf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ ;fdGtL 3/sf] kl/wLaf6 lgsfNof]
. t/ ahf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ a]lr/x]sf] 5 . ca dlxnfsf] z/L/ s]jn h}ljs j:t'dfq /x]g
Tof] ahf/n] lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] lasfpm dfn aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
dlxnfsf] z/L/sf] sdf]l8lkms]zg ug]{ d'Vo xltof/ xf] ;f}Gbo{k|;fwg . s:d]l6s, km];g
. ahf/n] hlxNo} pkef]u ug]{ cfs+Iffsf] lgdf{0f ub{5 . h;nfO{ pkef]QmfjfbL ;+:s[lt
elgG5 . ahf/n] ;'vsf] e|d lgdf{0f ub{5 . dfG5]nfO{ nfU5— d}n] of] rLh lsGg kfP t d
;'vL x'g]lyP . d]/f] v';Lsf] ;|f]t eg]s} kmnfgf] j:t' xf] . ahf/n] ;kgfsf] v]tL u/]sf] 5 .
dfG5] cfˆgf jf:tljs ;kgf la;]{/ s[lqd ;kgfdf d:t 5 . ahf/n] ;kgfsf] Jofkf/ u/]sf]
5 . dlxnfdf of] ;kgf ;'Gb/tf;Fu ufFl;Psf] 5 . dlxnfnfO{ ;'Gb/ aGg}kg]{ rfxgfsf]
lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] 5 . ahf/n] cfkm\g} ;f}Gbo{af]w tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . ;'Gb/L eg]sf] s:tf] xf]
< ;'Gb/L eg]sf] Ao'6L sG6];sf ljh]tfh:tf x'g\ . cfd dlxnfdf ;'Gb/tfsf] a]Un} dfgs
k|rf/ ul/Psf] 5 . g/d / d'nfod 5fnf, uf]/f] z/L/, s}nf] ;n{Ss k/]sf] skfn . ahf/n]
lgdf{0f u/]sf ;'Gb/tfsf] dfks x'g\ . cfˆgf] z/L/nfO{ ahf/n] tf]s]sf] ;'Gb/tfsf] k|m]ddf
9fNg cfd dlxnf ;f}Gbo{k|;fwgsf ;fwg k|of]u ug{ ljjz 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;Fw} eo x'G5
. d slt ;'Gb/ x'g ;s]+ <
ahf/sf] of] ;'Gb/tfsf] kl/efiffn] /fd|L b]lvg] xf]8afhL rnfPsf] 5 . s:d]l6s
;fdfgx¿sf] Jofks vktsf] k|lt:kwf{ a9fPsf] 5 . of] xf]8afhL, ;'Gb/ aGg] rfxgfn] Ifdtf
/ cfsf+Iffsf] aLrdf 7"nf] vf8n vg]sf] 5 . l;dfGts[t ju{sf dlxnfx¿sf] hLjg:t/
Psftkm{ 5 eg] cfsf+Iffsf] kxf8 ;fx|} cUnf] ag]sf] 5 . lbge/ sfd u/]/ xftd'v hf]8\g
gk'Ug] dlxnfsf] klg :s'6L r9\g] ;kgf x'G5 . sfd ug]{ dlxnfsf] 5fnf g/d / d'nfod
x'Fb}g . 3fddf 89\g] dlxnfsf] 5fnf uf]/f] x'Fb}g . t/, tL dlxnf klg ahf/n] lgdf{0f
ul/lbPsf] ;'Gb/tfsf] k|m]ddf lkm6 x'g k|lt:kwf{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . ahf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ pkef]u
ug{ clezKt kf/]sf] 5 . ahf/ eG5, ltdL uf]/f] x'g] xf] eg] kmnfgf] lqmd nufpm . ltdL
7"nf] a§f lsGg ;Sb}gf} eg] 7Ls} 5 ;fgf] :ofz] nufpm . h;/L x'G5 lqmd nufpm . ca
ufpF–ufpFdf ;f}Gbo{k|;fwgsf 7'nf–;fgf a§fx¿ 5\ofk5\ofKtL eO{;s]sf 5g\ . dlxnf ;'Gb/
aGg] xf]8afhLdf ax'/fli6«o sDkgLx¿sf] ljzfn ahf/ alg/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] z/L/
laqmLsf] j:t' alg/x]sf 5 . dlxnfx¿sf] of] ;kgf ahf/n] lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] xf] .
cfjZostfn] l;h{gf u/]sf] rfxgf xf]Og, ahf/n] yf]kl/lbPsf] cfs+Iff . cfjZostf /
cfs+fIffsf] oxL+ åGån] Ifdtf / rfxgfsf] aLrdf 7"nf] vf8n vg]sf] 5 . oxL+ vf8ndf
v]Ng cfOk'U5g\ cg]s k|nf]egx¿ . h'g\ k|nf]egsf] h+hfndf km;]/ dlxnfx¿ a]lrg k'U5g\ .
clg Dofuflhgsf se/ :6f]/L aG5g\ .
dlxnfsf] z/L/nfO{ sdf]l8lkms];g ug]{ csf]{ xltof/ xf] lj1fkg . Sofg8faf6 k|sfzg
x'g] dfl;s ljZn]if0ffTds klqsf ―dGYnL l/Eo'‖sf] Pp6f c+sdf ef/tLo ljb'ifL hoftL 3f]ifn]
o:tf] n]v]sL lyOg\— ―lj1fkg sDkgLx¿n] dlxnfnfO{ cfˆgf] pTkfbg y'kfg]{ j:t'sf] ¿kdf
k|of]u ub{}5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ b'O{ kIfaf6} k|of]u ul/O/x]sf] 5 . Psftkm{, pgLx¿nfO{
;fdfgx¿sf] laqmLsf] nflu k|of]u ul/b}5 . csf]{lt/, ahf/sf] dxŒjk"0f{ lx:;f g}
pgLx¿nfO{ agfOFb}5 . Pl;ofdf 7"nf ldl8ofx¿n] Ao'6L sG6]:6sf] k|rf/ u/]/ ―;kmn
df]8]n‖sf] lj1fkg ul//x]sf 5g\ h;n] ;f}Gbo{ k|;fwgsf] pBf]unfO{ km}nfO/x]sf] 5 .‖ o;/L
Psftkm{ dlxnfsf] z/L/nfO{ lj1fkgsf] ;fwg agfOPsf] 5 . /S;Lsf] lj1fkgb]lv sn]hsf]
k|rf/;Dddf ;'Gb/Lsf] z/L/nfO{ dfWod agfOPsf] 5 . csf]{tkm{ ;'Gb/tfsf] slyt xf]8afhLdf
dlxnfsf] z/L/sf] Jofkf/ ul//x]sf] 5 . To;}n] cd]l/sL dfgjzf:qL Pelng /L8n]
;f}Gbo{k|;fwgsf Jofkf/LnfO{ sfFrf] df;'sf] gfkmfvf]/ eg]sL lyOg\ .
ahf/n] dlxnfnfO{ ef]Uofsf] ¿kdf lrlqt u/]sf] 5 . ahf/n] eG5M dlxnfsf] sfd
k'?ifsf] ;Gt'i6L xf] . dlxnf lsg /fd|L aGg'k5{ < k'?ifsf] /f]hfO{df 5flggsf] nflu . ;–
;fgf s]6Lx¿ klg xdf]{gsf] ;'O{ nufP/ t?gL ag]sf 5g\ . Knfl:6s ;h{/L u/]/ dlxnfx¿
―of}g ahf/‖sf] lasfpm j:t' aGb}5g\ . o;/L dlxnfsf] z/L/sf] sdf]l8lkms];g eO{/x]sf] 5 .
sdf]l8lkms];gsf nflu ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug'{kb{5 . ahf/n] hlxNo} ahf/ ;'xfpFbf]
;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ub{5 . clxn] ahf/n] ;'Gb/ x'g] k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{/x]sf] 5 .
cfd dlxnf ed|df 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ nfU5 d ;kgf b]lv/x]5' . of] d]/f] ;kgf xf] .
t/, oyfy{df tL pgLx¿sf cfˆgf ;kgf xf]Ogg\ . dfG5]sf cfˆgf ;kgfx¿ t x/fO;s]sf
5g\ . dfG5]x¿ ahf/n] lgdf{0f ul/lbPsf] ;kgfsf] ef/L af]ls/x]sf 5g\ . dfG5]sf cfˆgf
OR5fx¿ cfˆgf xf]Ogg\, ?rL cfˆgf] xf]Og . ;kgf klg cfˆgf] xf]Og . ahf/n] dfG5]nfO{
dfG5] xf]Og lasfp dfn agfPsf] 5 .
ahf/n] x/]s s'/fsf] laqmL u5{ . ;DaGwsf] laqmL . k|]dsf] laqmL . dfG5]nfO{ laqmLsf]
j:t' agfpg ahf/nfO{ csf]{ xltof/sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . Tof] xf]— cnufj . ha;Dd
dfG5] PSnf] x'Gg ta;Dd ahf/n] a]Rg ;Sb}g . To;}n] ahf/n] dfG5]nfO{ PSnf] agfpg
yfN5 . ahf/n] dfG5]aLrdf lje]bsf b]lvg] / gblvg] kvf{n 78fpF5 / dfG5]nfO{ PSnf]
agfpF5 . sdhf]/, kx'Fr ljlxg, PSnf, c;+ul7t dflg; g} ahf/df l56f] a]lrG5g\ . PSnf]
dhb'/ g} ;a}eGbf ;:tf]df cfˆgf] >d a]Rb5 .
kx'Frljlxgx¿ ahf/df ;a}eGbf l56f] laS5g\ . kx'Frn] dfG5]sf] ;fdflhs k'FhLsf] lgdf{0f
ub{5 . ;fdflhs k'FhL alnof] ePsf] dflg; l56f] PlSng ;Sb}g . kx'Fr sd ePsf] dflg;
l56f] PlSnG5 . kx'Fr eg]sf] dfG5]sf] k}t[s ;DklQ xf] . of] ;fdflhs ;+/rgfn] lgdf{0f
ub{5 . e"sDk kl5 lk5l8Psf u|fdL0f a:tLsf dlxnfx¿ /xnkxn kx'Fraf6 ljd'v eP .
xfdL eG5f}+, ltgLx¿ u/La eP / a]lrP . k|Zg xf], pgLx¿ lsg u/La eP < lsgeg]
pgLx¿ cj;/af6 jl~rt eP . lsg cj;/af6 jl~rt eP < lsgeg] pgLx¿ kx'Frljlxg
lyP . kx'Frljlxgx¿n] /fxt klg kfPgg\ . ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L ;]jf klg kfPgg\ .
;+/rgfn] lk+wdf kfl/Psf sfe|], l;Gw]kfNrf]ssf tfdfª dlxnfx¿ kx'Fr ljlxg ePsf] sf/0f
ahf/df ws]lnP . ahf/ o:t} kx'Frljlxg dlxnfsf] a]rlavgsf] nflu d'v afP/ a;]sf]
lyof] . oL cjnf gf/Lx¿ ahf/sf] cfx/f ag]/ a]lrP .
cyf{t\, Psflt/ ahf/ cl;ldt rfxgfx?sf] n:s/ v8f ul/lbG5 . /, csf]{lt/ ltg}
―cfjZostf‖sf] lglDt z/L/;Dd a]Rg afWo agfOlbG5 . ;+/rgfut ?kdf lk+wdf kfl/Psf
dlxnfx? o;sf] klxnf] lzsf/ aG5g\ . ahf/sf] ;+/If0fdf k'?ifjfbsf] em08f af]s]sf
;dfhsf km6fxf, gfkmfvf]/x? cfkm\gf] :jfy{sf] lglDt lgd'vf r]nLx?sf] wGwf u5{g\ .
ahf/sf] jzdf k/]sf] /fHo ;+/rgf of t of] wGwfsf] jzdf k5{ jf ljleGg sf/0fn] /f]Sg
;Sb}g . lbNnLsf] lhaL /f]8df k'¥ofOg] dlxnfx? s'g} ;De|fGt ju{sf dlxnf xf]Ogg\ .
pgLx?nfO{ ahf/n] cl;ldt cfjZostfsf] df]xdf km;fOlbG5 . ToxL+ cfjZostfnfO{
k|nf]egsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/]/ bnfnx? km;fpg] sfd u5{g\ .
ahf/ dlxnfsf] z/L/nfO{ a]Rb}5 / csf]tkm{ dlxnfsf] hg;f+lVos eL8nfO{ cfˆgf]
ljzfn ahf/ agfO/x]5 . xfd|f] ;Eo ;dfh jf:tjdf ―dlxnfsf] ahf/‖ ag]sf] 5 .