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SUMMARY OF G-9 ARTS 1ST QUARTER

PAINTING
A. PREHISTORIC ERA ( Cave of Lascaux)
 includes all human existence before the emergence of writing
 clue- along with fossils, pollens and other finds to an understanding of early human life and
culture.
 found inside the caves
 way of communicating with each other. It may also be for religious or ceremonial purposes.

B. PAINTINGS FROM ANCIENT EGYPT (Paintings from Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen)

 make the deceased afterlife place pleasant.
 It emphasizes the importance of life after death and the preservation of the knowledge of the
past.
C. PAINTINGS FROM CLASSICAL GREEK ERA (Pitsa Panel, Judgement of Paris, Tomb of the diver)
 most commonly found in vases, panels and tomb. It depicts natural figures with dynamic compositions.
 Most of the subjects were battle scenes, mythological figures, and everyday scene’s reveals a grasp of
linear perspective and naturalist representation.
Most common methods of Greek painting:
1. Fresco- method of painting water-based pigments on a freshly applied plaster usually on a wall surfaces.
2. Encaustic– developed to use by Greek ship builders, who used the hot wax to fill the cracks of the ship.
3. Vase painting
Kerch Style also referred to as Kerch Vases are red-figured pottery named after the place where it was found.
Shapes commonly found are:
1. pelike (wine container)
2. lekanis (a low bowl with two horizontal handles and a low broad foot)
3. lebes gamikos (with high handles and lid use to carry bridal bath)
4. krater (bowl use for mixing wine and water)
4. Panel Painting - paintings on flat panels of wood.
5. Tomb / Wall Painting
Tomb or wall painting was very popular during the classical period. It uses the method frescos either
tempera (water-base) or encaustic (wax).

D. PAINTINGS FROM THE ROMANTIC ERA (head of alexander, Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries,
Boscotrecase, Pompeii)
 copied or imitated from Hellenic Greek paintings.
 Roman paintings have a wide variety of subjects, animals, everyday life, still life, mythological subjects,
portraits and landscapes.
 The development of landscape painting is the main innovation of Roman painting
 Mosaic - an art process where an image is created using an assemblage of small pieces of colored
glass, stones, or other materials.

E. BYZANTINE PAINTING (The court of Empress Theodora)

 for Christian subjects.

F. ROMANESQUE PAINTING (Christ in Majesty)

 These are largely placed mosaics on the walls of the churches that follows a strict frontal
pose.
 shows traces of Mozarabic influence (Arabize influence) through elongated oval faces, large
staring eyes and long noses, figures against flat colored bands and heavy outlining.

G. PAINTINGS FROM THE GOTHIC ERA (Lady and the Unicorn tapestry, Rose Window, The Shepherd
David,)
 Paintings have been confined in the illumination of manuscript pages and the painting of
frescoes on the walls of churches in cosmopolitan style, elegant, mannered and sophisticated.
 Subjects usually depicts popular legends and love stories.
Stained glass windows were created to transform the vast stone interiors with warm and glowing
color and at the same time to instruct Christians in their faith.
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SCULPTURE

I. PRE-HISTORIC SCULPTURES
 Believed that it is a result of natural erosion and not of human artistry.
a. Venus of Willendorf - carved from limestone with excessively heavy breast and abdomen
used as charm to ensure fertility.
b. Venus of Brassempouy - A sculpture of a lady with the hood. It is a fragmentary ivory
figurine from the Upper Paleolithic era that realistically represents the human face and
hairstyle

II. SCULPTURES FROM THE EGYPTIAN ERA (Queen Nefertiti, The Pharoah Menkaure and his Queen)
 Symbolic elements were widely used such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location, materials,
color, actions and gestures. Their tombs required the most extensive used of sculpture.
 Symbolisms were heavily used to represent the gods.
 Most of the time the gods were shown larger than humans, the kings larger than their followers, the
dead larger than the living.

III. GREEK SCULPTURE (Myron)

 showed all the points of human anatomy and proportion.
 Hellenistic style. Hellenistic denotes a preference in sculpture for more elaborated patterns,
mannered arrangement of figures and groups, and an emphasis on the representation of
movement for dramatic effects.

IV. ROMAN SCULPTURES(The Portonacio Sarcophagus, Sarcopagus, from cervetiri, )

 Most Roman sculptures are made of monumental terra-cotta.
 Produced reliefs in the Great Roman triumphal columns with continuous narrative reliefs
around.
 “sarcophagus”(It is a box-liked funeral receptacle for a dead body.

V. BYZANTINESCULPTURES (The Barberini Diptych)

 The dominant themes in Byzantine sculptures are religious, everyday life scenes, and motifs from
nature.

VI. ROMANESQUE SCULPTURES(Last Judgement)

 Some of the famous sculptural pieces are reliquaries, altar frontals, crucifixes, and devotional
images.
 Arch

VII. GOTHIC SCULPTURES (Resurrection of the Virgin)

 Gothic sculptureshave a greater freedom of style.
 begun to project outward figures
 more lively and realistic
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ARCHITECTURE

a. PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE (Stonehenge)

 based on megaliths (a big rock) from the Greek word lithos (stone) and megas (big). This
architecture is made of huge stone blocks which were probably intended for burial.
Three main types of megalith stones:
1. Menhir: a huge stone standing vertically on the ground
2. Dolmens: the word originated from the expression taolmaen, which means “stone table”. It
is believed that it served as grave or as an altar.
3. Cromlech: a Brythonic word where “crom” meansbent or curved and “llech” which means
slab or flagstones. Literary it is a circle of standing stones.

b. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE (Pyramid of Giza, Mastaba)

 This architectural style was developed during the pre-dynastic period 4,000BC.
 Egyptian Temples were built to serve as places of residence for the gods. They also served as
key canters for economic activity.
 Pyramids of Giza
It is the most substantial ancient structure of the world. The three pyramids are the
funerary structures of the three kings of the fourth dynasty (2575 to 2465 BC) namely:
1. Khufu (Cheops) whom the Great Pyramid was attributed to;
2. Khafa (Chepren)whom the pyramid next to the Great Pyramid is attributed
3. Menkaura (Mycerinus). The smallest pyramid
 Mastaba - It is a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward
sloping sides. It was made of mud-bricks or stone.

C. GREEK ARCHITECTURE (Parthenon)

 Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in an aisle surrounded by rows of columns. These
buildings were designed in one of three architectural style or orders:
Doric, ionic and Corinthian
 The Parthenon
The Greatest Classical temple, ingeniously engineered to correct an optical illusion. The
columns were slightly contorted, swollen at the center and leaning inward to correct what would
otherwise have been an impression of deadness and top heaviness.

D. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE (The Colosseum)

 They built sturdy stone structures both for use and to perpetuate their glory.

E. BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE (Hagia Sophia)

 the dome created a new style in global architecture.

F. ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE (The groin-vaulted crypt of Worcester Cathedral)

 Displayed solid masonry walls, rounded arches and masonry vaults.

G. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE (Notre dame Cathedral)

This design included two new devices: pointed arch which enabled builders to construct much higher
ceiling vaults and stone vaulting borne on a network of stone ribs supported by piers and clustered
pillars.

CLayson