DRUG SIDE

EFFECTS
presented by group 3
 GROUP 3:

HEVY RIMADHANA AUDREY KAYYIS NELOFA

 WHAT IS DRUG SIDE
EFFECT?
According to the definition of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1970, a
side effect of a drug is any undesirable effect for the intended therapeutic
purpose at the recommended dose. The definition of a side effect is any
unwanted effect that is detrimental or harmful to the patient (adverse
reactions) from a treatment. Side effects are impossible to avoid or eliminate
completely, but can be minimized or prevented by avoiding risk factors that are
mostly known.
 EXAMPLES OF DRUG SIDE
EFFECT
Anief (2007) said that side effects are a drug that does not include therapeutic uses. For
example, the side effects of CTM (Chlorpheniramine Maleate) make the person who consumes it
feel sleepy. Side effects are impossible to avoid or completely eliminate but can be minimized or
prevented by avoiding risk factors that are mostly known. Some examples of side effects include:
1. Acute allergic reaction due to penicillin (immunologic reaction).
2. Severe hypoglycemia due to insulin administration (exaggerated pharmacological effects).
3. Osteoporosis due to long-term corticosteroid treatment (side effects due to long-term use).
4. Hypertension due to discontinuation of clonidine administration (drug discontinuation
symptoms).
5. Phocomelia in children due to mothers using thalidomide in early pregnancy (teratogenic effect).
 DRUG SIDE EFFECT PROBLEM
The number of reported incidents varies widely. From western countries, it turns out that the figures obtained
are quite surprising, namely :
a) Of inpatients who receive an average of 5 to 10 drugs during a 10-day hospital stay, 25 percent will suffer 1 or
more drug side effects of varying degrees and 1 percent suffer life-threatening side effects. In these hospitalized
patients, the most severe side effects occur in cancer chemotherapy treatment.
b) In private practice, the possibility of side effects is much greater. It is evident from acute patients who are
admitted to the hospital (hospital admission), 25 percent are due to drug side effects. e) Of the deaths in the
hospital, 0.24 to 2.9 percent is due to drug side effects.
The age group that experiences the most side effects is the elderly. This group generally receives a large number
of drugs, while the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses are not the same. Data in Indonesia has not
been revealed much, but at least these figures can provide an overview of events and problems.
 FACTORS THAT SUPPORT THE
OCCURRENCE OF DRUG SIDE EFFECTS

A. NON-DRUGS FACTOR B. DRUGS FACTOR

a. Intrinsic of the patient, namely age,
sex, genetics, tendency to allergies,
disease, attitudes and lifestyle.
b. Extrinsic outside the patient, namely
the doctor (drug provider) and the
environment, for example contamination
by antibiotics.
a. Intrinsic of the drug, namely the
nature and potential of the drug to
cause a side effect.
b. Drug selection.
c. How to use the drug.
d. Interactions between drugs.
 EFFORTS TO PREVENT DRUG SIDE EFFECTS
AND DRUG TOXIC EFFECTS
a. A detailed history should always be traced regarding the use of drugs by patients at the time
before the examination, both drugs obtained through a doctor's prescription or from self-medication.
b. Use drugs only if there are clear indications, and if there are no non-pharmacotherapy
alternatives.

FLOOD
c. Avoid treatment with multiple types of drugs and combinations at once
d. Pay special attention to the dose and response to treatment in: children and infants, the elderly,
and patients who also suffer from renal, hepatic and cardiac disorders.
e. It is necessary to continue to determine whether the treatment should be continued, and
immediately stop the drug if it is no longer necessary.
 EFFORTS TO TREAT DRUG SIDE EFFECTS AND
DRUG TOXIC EFFECTS
a. Immediately stop all drugs if known or suspected side effects. Review the form and possible
mechanisms. If side effects are suspected as the result of pharmacological effects that are too
large, then after the symptoms disappear and the patient's condition recovers treatment can be
started again with caution, starting with small doses. If a side effect is suspected as an allergic or
idiosyncratic reaction, the drug should be replaced and the original drug should not be used at all.
b. Clinical treatment efforts depend on the form of side effects and the patient's condition. Certain
forms of side effects require specific handling and treatment. For example, for anaphylactic shock,
it is necessary to administer adrenaline and other drugs and measures to treat shock. Other
examples, for example, in allergic conditions, it is necessary to stop the drug suspected of giving
antihistamines or corticosteroids (if needed), and so on.
 THANK YOU
FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!
any question?