SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CERVICAL CANCER:

1. SURGERY:
* CANCER STAGE 1:
 CONIZATION (cone biopsy):LEEP (Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure).
- Conization or cone biopsy it is removes cone shaped piece of abnormal tissue at
the cervix for laboratory examination. LEEP is a thin wire to cut out abnormal tissue.
This surgery will take about1 hour.
 TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY:
-removal the uterus and cervix and both fallopian tubes and ovaries. Patient will be
perform general anesthesia won’t be awake during the procedure. This procedure take
one to two hours.
 RADICAL TRACHELECTOMY/ CERVICECTOMY:
- remove cervix and upper part of the vagina and surrounding supporting tissues. This
procedure take about 1-3 hours. Patient will be perform general anesthesia.
 RADICAL HYSTERECTOMY:
-remove cervix, tissue around the cervix, the uterus part of the vagina. Surgeon will
remove fallopian tubes, lymph node if necessary. This procedure take about 1-3
hours. Patient will be perform general anesthesia.
* CANCER RECURRED:
 PELVIC EXENTERATION:
-Remove all the organs from your urinary, gastrointestinal and gynecologic system
and tissue depending on where the cancer has spread. This procedure will take 8hours
but it can take more longer. Two or more surgeon will be work together.
2.RADIATION THERAPY:
 EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION THERAPY (EBRT):
-directed of the cancers location from machine outside body at cancerous tissue inside
the body. Using high doses of radiation to destroy cancer cells and shrink tumors.
 BRACHYTHERAPY/ INTERNAL RADIATION THERAPY:
- procedures that involves placing radioactive material inside body. Sealed radiation
source will be inserted inside body. This procedure only take 30 minutes or more than
that.
3.CHEMOTHERAPY:
-the use of drug to destroy cancer cells from growing, dividing and making more
cells. This treatment uses powerful chemicals to kill fast growing cells of cancer.

SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR OVARIAN CENCER:

1. SURGERY:
* TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY:
-removal the uterus and cervix and both fallopian tubes and ovaries and the omentum
(fatty tissue).
* BILATERAL SALPINGO-OOPHORECTOMY ( BSO)
-This surgical procedure in which both of the ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed.
This procedure performed during a hysterectomy, which uterus will be removed. BSO
is a common surgical procedure, it take about 40-60 minutes. It requires general
anaesthetic.
*UNIRETERAL SALPINGO-OOPHORECTOMY:
-this procedure surgeon will remove one ovary and one fallopian tube. This procedure
using open abdominal surgery or laparoscopic surgery. This operation take a few
hours to complete.
2. CHEMOTHERAPY:
-the use of drug to destroy cancer cells from growing, dividing and making more
cells. This treatment uses powerful chemicals to kill fast growing cells of cancer.
3. RADIATION THERAPY:
-uses x-ray to damage cancer cells. The radiation target at cancer sites in body. May
be use to treat the pelvis or other sites of cancer that have spread.

SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR UTERINE/ENDOMETRIAL CANCER:

1. SURGERY:
#TOTAL HYSTERECTOMY:
-removal the uterus and cervix and both fallopian tubes and ovaries. Patient will be
perform general anesthesia won’t be awake during the procedure.
#BILATERAL SALPINGO-OOPHORECTOMY:
-This surgical procedure in which both of the ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed.
This procedure performed during a hysterectomy, which uterus will be removed.
#LYMPHADENECTOMY:
- Surgical procedure to remove one or more lymph nodes or groups of lymph nodes if
presence of cancer. To examine the pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes for
endometrial cancer.

REFERENCES:
Rossi EC, Kowalski LD, Scalici J, et al. A comparison of sentinel lymph node biopsy
to lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer staging (FIRES trial): A multicentre,
prospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2017; 18:384–392.