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Electric Vehicle Batteries - All You Need To Know - AUTOTECHDRIVE
Electric Vehicle Batteries - All You Need To Know - AUTOTECHDRIVE
Electric Vehicle has many components but at the heart of the Electric Vehicle
is the Electric Vehicle Batteries.
In this guide, you’ll get to know the complete details about Electric Vehicle
Batteries.
Let’s start,
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The Battery pack must satisfy the demands of the Electric Vehicle Motor and
the Electric Vehicle Charging System. With Electric vehicles becoming
popular, Electric Vehicle Battery technology has come a long way.
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Source
Usually, electric cars use lithium-ion batteries, and these have only 3.7V per
cell, so multiple Lithium batteries are combined into a Battery pack to get the
desired voltage.
Common battery capacity for electric vehicles ranges from 30 to 100 kWh or
more.
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As
informed
earlier most of the Electric Vehicles use Lithium-ion Batteries.
These batteries provide lightweight, high energy density power. This makes
Lithium-ion Batteries for electric cars the first preference.
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As
shown
above, each of the Lithium Batteries has its advantages in terms of
cost, Specific Energy, Power, Safety, Performance, and Life span.
Because of its low-cost Lithium nickel Cobalt Aluminium is most widely used.
Voltage Rating
Voltage rating or nominal voltage is the voltage that a battery can provide
across its terminals.
Lithium batteries are of 3.7V but that does not mean lithium batteries provide
3.7V across its terminals all the time. This also depends on the capacity of
the battery.
C-Rating
This refers to the maximum current that can be drawn from a battery.
Specific Energy
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It isthe
power that a battery can provide per unit mass of the battery.
The weight of the battery pack is very important in an Electric vehicle as this
is the major contributor to the overall weight of the vehicle. so the specific
energy of a battery should be as high as possible.
Energy Density
It is the power that we can get per unit volume of the battery.
Cut-off Voltage
It is the minimum voltage below which a battery should not be used. For
example, if a Battery Cut-off Voltage is 2V then it should not be connected to
a load when the voltage is less than 2V.
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Source
EV Battery Safety Testing
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Crash Safety – Rear impact test for testing battery explosion safety
Water Tightness – Test to ensure water does not enter battery pack
Submersion Test – Batteries are immersed in saltwater
Combustion Test – In this test batteries are exposed to fire
One of the major concerns is about electrocution while charging the battery.
So various mechanisms are in place to prevent shocks while charging even in
rain.
A drain hole in the charging port dispels moisture inflow preventing electric
shock.
After connecting the charging gun to the port, a seal prevents any further
inflow of liquid.
The button on the charging gun can cease charging immediately.
Current flows only after the connection between the vehicle and the charger
is complete.
Source
Some of the important tasks of BMS are as below, not all BMS have all the
below features, the basic function includes battery function and showing
state-of-charge (SoC).
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Monitoring
temperature and voltage of cells
Estimate state-of-function in the form of state-of-charge and state-of-health
(capacity)
Give caution regarding high temperature, cell imbalance
overcharge protection by limiting power input and output
Control the battery charging profile
Caution end-of-life when the capacity falls below a set threshold.
Conclusion,
Hope you got an overview of Electric Vehicle Batteries.
Please let us know in the comment below if you need any further information
on Electric Vehicle Batteries.
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