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-- TABLE OF CONTENTS --

1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

2.0 REFERENCES

3.0 TERMS AND DEFINITION

4.0 RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY

5.0 PROCEDURE

6.0 WORK FLOW

7.0 ATTACHMENT

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○ Revision Status

Rev. No Date Reason and Description of Revision

0 Feb 20, 2014 Initiated Documents
1 Mar 31, 2014 1) 4.0 Role and Authority, information newly added.
2) 5.0 Procedure, information newly added.

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1.0 PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This procedure describes the risks reduction by assessing risks, by identifying

hazards, and controlling risks as low as is reasonably practicable on all Daelim
Industrial Co., Ltd. (hereinafter called as “DIC”) Projects as well as Construction Sites.

The main purpose throughout this procedure is to follow the principles of “No task
is completely without risk”: “Prevention - Protection – Information – Education
and Training - Monitoring – Review”.

This procedure is applied to all personnel of DIC Project Management Teams,

Construction Sites include Subcontractors/Vendors personnel who have legal, public,
personnel and economic responsibilities for reducing risks of injuries to persons at
work, damage to plant and equipment and to reduce risks that could have a
negative impact on the environment

2.0 REFERENCES

1) The DIC HSE Procedure, Typical Project HSE Management Plan (PMP-HSE-01).
2) The DIC HSE Procedure, Typical Construction HSE Management Plan(CMP-HSE-01).
3) The DIC HSE Procedure, Measurement and Monitoring Control Procedure (P-SE-
00334).

3.0 TERMS AND DEFINITION

3.1 Frequency.
A measure of likelihood expressed as the number of occurrences of an event in a given
time.

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3.2 Hazard.
Source of situation with a potential for harm in terms of injury or ill health, damage to
property, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these.

3.3 Hazard Identification.

Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defines the characteristics.

3.4 Likelihood.
A qualitative description of probability and frequency.

3.5 Probability.
The likelihood of a specific outcome, measured by the ratio of specific outcome to the
total number of possible outcomes.

3.6 Risk.
Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event
occurring.

3.7 Risk assessment.

Overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether or not the
risk is tolerable.

3.8 Severity (Consequence).

The outcome of an event or situations expressed qualitatively or quantitatively, being a
loss, injury, disadvantage or gain.

3.9 Work Method Statement.

An outline of a task or series of tasks identified in a sequential manner.

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4.0 RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY

4.1 Project Manager.

1) Is the overall responsibility with respect to HSE matters for project.

2) Implement of work in conformity with HSE Policy, related HSE Manual, Procedures,
and other requirements.
3) Ensure that a system for carrying out work method statements and risk
assessments is in place and is being applied as part of the hazard control and
analysis strategy.
4) Ensuring the safety performance and accountability of subordinates and effective
implementation of risk assessment.
5) Review the effectiveness of the system to ensure that a safe system of work is in
place.
6) Responsible to provide the all resources to implement the finding of identified
hazards and risk assessment.

4.2 Construction Manager.

1) Is the Site Representative for the project and has overall responsibility for ensuring
the risks reduction by assessing risks, by identifying hazards, applying the control
measure to ensure the severity of risk as low as is reasonably practicable at site.
2) Implement of work in conformity with HSE Policy, related HSE Manual, Procedures,
and other requirements on site.
3) Coordination with HSE manager and site HSE personnel to improvement the site
safety requirement.
4) Participate in weekly area safety assessment.
5) Participate in owner safety audit.
6) Ensure that a system for carrying out work method statements and risk
assessments are in place and are being applied as part of the hazard control and
analysis strategy on site.
7) Review the effectiveness of the system to ensure that a safe system of work is at
site.

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4.3 Site Superintendent and Section Part Superintendents.

1) Ensure that the requirements of this procedure are known and understood by
Subcontractors at the HSE meeting stage.
2) Review and comment on all method statements and risk assessments as applied
to critical tasks and activities such as heavy lifts, complex rigging feasibility studies,
unusual tasks and other events as judged necessary.
3) Coaching supervisor to build overall safety awareness and safety program

4.4 Supervisors.
1) Assist in developing work method statements and risk assessments.
2) Liaise with other discipline/task supervision to ensure that conflicts of interest are
accommodated.
3) Ensure that the requirements identified during the development of the method
statement and Risk assessment are adequate in terms of detail and are being
effectively communicated to all personnel involved with the task, as well as ensure
the effective implementation of control measure.
4) Assist safety manager to identify the potential hazards at work site.

4.5 Site HSE Manager.

1) Assist Construction Manager to ensure that the requirements outlined in this
procedure are understood and are being implemented.
2) Provide technical input into the formulation of the method statements and risk
assessments, and shall review prior to its distribution in site.
3) Ensure to compliance of loss prevention program and company HSE policy.
4) Establish and maintain site emergency response team.
5) Conducting weekly safety self-assessment, tracking performance and reporting
trends to site management.
6) Complete and distribute applicable reports.
7) Ensure the all equipment is free of any potential hazards and all risk has identified.
8) Evaluate contractor subcontractor safety program.
9) Conduct quarterly safety audit.

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10) Analyze the task against the requirements specified to ensure compliance.
11) Carry out reviews of risk assessments on a regular basis.

4.6 Site HSE Supervisors (Operator).

1) Assist Site HSE Manager is ensuring that the requirements outlined in this
procedure are understood and are being implemented.
2) Supervise the task against the requirements specified to ensure compliance.
3) Carry out risk control on daily tasks, further report the finding to responsible
Person for rectification of identified hazards.
4) Coordinate and report to HSE manager once observe the ongoing task doesn’t
meet the risk assessment control and need further action to revise as necessary.

4.7 Subcontractors/Vendors.
1) Coordinate, develop and implement safe systems of work that includes the
requirements of this procedure.
2) Ensure that sufficient resources are available to address the requirements of this
procedure in a competent and efficient manner.
3) Train their personnel in the requirements of the HSE details in the risk assessment.

5.0 PROCEDURE

5.1 General Instructions.

5.1.1 The principle of Risk assessment is “No task is completely without risk”: “Prevention
- Protection – Information – Education and Training - Monitoring – Review”.

5.1.2 A Task Hazard Analysis uncovers and identifies hazards that exist in the workplace,
generally focusing on activities, project, construction site, or a given person’s activities.
Having identified the hazards, one must assess the risks by considering the severity and
likelihood of bad outcomes. If the risks are not sufficiently low, then additional controls
or alternate methods must be applied.
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5.1.3 Risk Assessment is actually something we all do all the time. In some instances the
process takes place at a sub-conscious (or even instances) level.

5.1.4 Risk assessment shall be carried out frequently to ensure the effectiveness of control
measure is implemented without fail.

5.2 Hazard Identification (HAZID).

All personnel and all persons on DIC Projects and/or Construction Sites have
responsibilities for identifying and understanding hazards in the workplace.

Understanding the hazards and risks they present in an essential foundation for
achieving excellence in Health, Safety, and Environment Performance.

5.2.1 Hazard Categories.

1) Chemical Hazards.
① Chemical can affect the skin by contact or they affect the body either
through the digestive system or, via the lungs if air is contaminated with
chemicals, vapor, mist or dust.
② There can be an acute effect, (i.e. the person is affected immediately), or
there can be a chronic effect (i.e. the person is affected in the medium to
long term).
2) Noise Hazards.
① Excessive noise can disrupt concentration, interfere with communication and
result in loss of hearing. High impact noises are particularly damaging.
② Noise can also mask out signals, adversely affecting communication.
3) Radiation Hazards.
① Ionizing radiation is in such equipment as radioactive gauging devices,
radiographic sources, or the radioactive trace elements used in analytical
chemistry.
② Non-ionizing radiation covers infra-red radiation (Heat producing processes),

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lasers, ultraviolet radiation (welding, sunlight), and microwaves (high

frequency welders, freeze drying).
4) Electrical Hazards.
① This covers the risk of injury from all forms of electrical energy.
5) Lighting Hazards.
① Inadequate lighting levels are a potential safety hazard.
② A common problem area is the reaction time needed for the eyes to adjust
form a brightly lit to a darker environment.
③ Temporary lighting is often inadequate.
6) Vibration Hazards.
① This includes whole-body vibration - e.g. truck drivers, people standing on
vibrating platforms, and operators of mobile equipment - and also segmental
vibration effects from such equipment as hand tools, chainsaws and
pneumatic hammers.
7) Temperature Hazards.
① Extremes of cold or heat can cause problems due to individual fatigue or
reduced capacity to work.
8) Biological Hazards.
① These include insects, bacteria, fungi, plants, worms, animals and viruses.
9) Ergonomic Hazards.
① This covers risk of injury from manual handling procedures, incorrectly
designed workstations, audio and visual alarms, and color-coding control
mechanisms.
10) Physical Hazards.
① This includes a wide range of risks of injury - as diverse as being caught in or
by machinery buried in trenches or hurt by collapsing machinery.
② This category also includes the hazards from working in confined spaces,
being hit by flying objects, caught in a jet stream, falling from heights and
tripping on obstacles.
11) Vehicle and Traffic
① Ensure the vehicle is in good mechanical condition

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② Only authorized driver holding local valid driving license are allow to driving
vehicle.
③ Follow traffic rules and regulation.
④ Perform daily inspection by use of daily inspection checklist prior to drive
vehicle.

12) Miscellaneous Hazards.

① This includes stress, fatigues, the effect of shiftwork, and even assaults from
other people.

5.2.2 Hazard Identification.

There are three fundamental methods of hazard identification applicable to various
workplace circumstances.

5.2.3 Hazard Identification by Area.

1) Fixed workplaces are ideally suited to hazard identification by area which involves
grouping hazards into common types and identifying them by surveying in detail
the different part of the workplace.
2) An outline of steps in the process is given below.
① Obtain an up-to-date and accurate plan of the workplace.
② Draw up a diagram to show the movement of people or plant.
③ Divide the workplace into discrete areas and number them. This division can
be based on how work is carried out or on the physical layout of the site.
thus, for example, a power plant or it might contain a stores area, a plant
area, workshops, offices, control room and switch rooms.
④ Ask staff in each identified area to list what they consider is the hazards in
the places they work and why they consider these to be hazards or potential
hazards. Use a data collection form for information gathering.
⑤ It is recommended that a meeting be held to fill in the data sheets rather
than just handing them out. It is also important that judgements as to the
likelihood that harm would result from the hazard are not made at this time.

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⑥ To further assist the hazard identification process make use of all available
information. This can come from the following sources: codes of practice,
manufacturer's information material, in-house and external reports, complaint
details, environmental and health monitoring reports, etc. Use can also be
made of records and reports on accidents and 'near misses', both at the
particular workplace and more generally within the industry itself.

5.2.4 Hazard Identification by Task Analysis.

1) Work that is not done at a fixed workplace is better analyzed by first identifying
the different type of work involved and the tasks that people are called on to
perform, and then the hazards they face in doing these tasks can be identified.
2) This method is well suited to those work activities where there is considerable
scope for the workers themselves to decide how the task will be carried out.
3) Steps included in the process are listed below:
① Identify all the tasks that people carryout. A task consists of a number of
steps, actions or stages performed in order to complete a specific work
assignment. The task identification process can initially be done by asking
people what they specifically do. The work should be broken down into small
enough components to be analyzed, but not so small as to make the analysis
impractical.
② Discuss and then list the steps or stages involved in performing each task.
③ Ask those involved what hazards they consider apply to each identified step,
and record these.
④ To further assist the hazard identification process make use of all available
information.

5.2.5 Hazard Identification by Process.

1) A more technical approach to hazard identification is to identify the processes
involved at a work site and then go through each process step-by-step, identifying
the hazards in each element of the process.
2) The time taken to identify individual potential hazards in this way can be longer

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than the time taken to quantify the risks of these hazards.

3) Steps in this method are listed below:
① Make an inventory of all substances and/or chemicals used in the process.
② Outline the process from start to finish (source to sink). Identify the steps
where process fluids are transformed by physical or chemical means.
③ Draw up a flow chart detailing every step of the process (including waste
streams) and setting out the various stages where chemicals and substances
are used in the process.
④ Identify all the hazards at each of the process.
⑤ To further assist the hazard identification process, make use of all available
information.

5.2.6 Hazard Identification Worksheet.

1) A detailed list of the hazards identified shall be prepared clearly linking delineated
hazards to specific work areas, specific workplace activities or specific processes
within the workplace.
2) Information that needs to be recorded to allow the next stage of the process to
be undertaken (risk assessment) includes:
① The exact location, activity or process of the hazard.
② Determining who could come into contact with the hazard.
③ When and who they are likely to come in contact with the hazard.
④ How often (frequency).
⑤ The consequence of coming into contact with the hazard, e.g. the worst case
with no controls.
3) All the information obtained should be recorded on the Hazard Identification and
Risk Assessment Worksheet (Refer to Appendix 01. Form 1).

5.3 Risk Assessment (RA).

5.3.1 Determine Risk.

The risk from the hazard should be determined by estimating the potential severity of

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harm (Consequence) and the likelihood that harm will occur.

5.3.2 Severity of Harm.

1) Information obtained about work activities is a vital input to risk assessment.
When seeking to establish potential Severity of Harm, the following should also be
considered:
2) Part(s) of the body likely to be affected.
3) Nature of the harm, ranging from Minor to Fatality. (minor, medium, major)
① Minor. Any injury only require first aid site such as minor cut, dizziness,
headache etc.
ⓐ Injury requiring medical attention and leading to absence from work for
up to three days.
Medium: Any injury required medical attention and workman will be absent
such as wounds, stitches, minor fractures etc,
ⓑ Superficial injuries, minor cuts and bruises, eye irritation from dust.
ⓒ Nuisance and irritation (e.g. headaches), ill-health leading to temporary
discomfort.
② Major.
ⓐ Major injury per event resulting in more than three days' absence form
work.
ⓑ Lacerations, burns, concussion, serious sprains, minor fractures.
ⓒ Deafness, dermatitis, asthma, work related upper limb disorders, ill-health
leading to permanent minor disability.
③ Severe.
ⓐ Multiple major injuries, single severe/disabling injury or occupational
illness.
ⓑ Amputations, major fractures, poisoning.
ⓒ Occupational cancer, other severely life shortening diseases, acute fatal
diseases.
④ Fatality.
ⓐ Single or multiple fatality per event.

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5.3.3 Likelihood of Harm.

1) When seeking to establish likelihood of harm, the adequacy of control measures
already implemented and complied with, needs to be considered.
2) Here legal requirements and codes of practice are good guides covering controls
of specific hazards.
3) The following issues should then typically be considered in addition to the work
activity information.
① Number of personnel exposed.
② Frequency and duration of exposure to the hazard.
③ Failure of services e.g. electricity and water.
④ Failure of plant and machinery components and safety devices.
⑤ Exposure to the elements (flooding, high winds, sun, humidity, cold, etc)
⑥ Protection afforded by personnel protective equipment and usage rate of
personal protective equipment.
⑦ Unsafe acts (unintended errors or violations of procedures) by persons, for
example, who:
ⓐ may not know what the hazards are.
ⓑ may not have the knowledge, physical capacity, or skills to do the work.
ⓒ underestimate risks to which they are exposed.
ⓓ underestimate the practicality and utility of safe working methods.
4) It is important to take into account the consequences of unplanned events.
5) These subjective risk estimations should normally take into account all the people
exposed to a hazard. Thus any given hazard is more serious if it affects a greater
number of people. But some of the larger risks may be associated with an
occasional task carried out just by one person, for example, maintenance of
inaccessible part of the plant.
6) Range of Likelihood.
① Frequent.
Would be expected to occur more than once during the contract period.
② Likely.

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Would be expected to occur once during the contract period.

③ Unlikely.
May possibly occur during the contract period.
④ Remote.
So unlikely that occurrence may not be experienced during the contract
period.

5.3.4 Decide if Risk is Tolerable.

1) The Simple Risk Level Estimator (Appendix 01 Table 1) shows one simple method
of estimating risk levels and for deciding whether risks are tolerable. Risks are
classified according to their estimated likelihood and the potential severity of harm.

5.4 Hazard Control Action Plan.

5.4.1 Prioritizing Actions.

1) Risk categories form the basis for deciding whether controls or improved controls
are required to reduce the risk from an identified hazard to acceptable levels.
2) To establish a prioritization list an approach is shown in the Simple Risk-based
Control Plan (Appendix 01 Table 2)), which shows that control effort and urgency
should be proportional to risk.
3) Based on this approach, an inventory of actions, in priority order, to devise,
maintain or improve controls, can be developed and implemented.

5.4.2 Hazard Control Options.

1) It is important when developing control options for identified significant hazards
that all options are considered including reviewing the existing controls to ensure
that the most effective controls are in place.
2) Controls should be selected taking into account the points listed below:
If possible, eliminate the hazard altogether, e.g. substitute with a safer chemical
than a more hazardous one.
① If elimination is not possible, try to reduce the risk, e.g. by using a low

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voltage electrical appliance.

② Enclose/Isolate process or pieces of equipment.
③ Where possible, adapt work to the individual, e.g. to take account of
individual mental and physical capabilities.
④ Take advantage of technical progress to improve controls.
⑤ Implement measures that protect everyone.
⑥ A blend of technical and procedural controls is usually necessary.
⑦ Consider the need to introduce planned maintenance of, for example,
machinery safeguards.
⑧ Adopt Personal Protective Equipment only as a last resort, after all other
control options have been considered.
⑨ Review the need for emergency arrangements.
⑩ Proactive measurement indicators are necessary to monitor compliance with
the controls.
3) Consideration also needs to be given to the development of emergency and
evacuation plans, and provision of emergency equipment relevant to the
organization’s hazard.
4) A decision tree for deciding how a hazard can be controlled is presented in the
Hazard Control Decision Tree (Appendix 01. Figure 4).

5.5 Review Adequacy of Action Plan.

5.5.1 The action plan should be reviewed before implementation, typically by clarifying these
issues.
1) Purpose and ultimate use of the risk assessment.
2) Definition of system(s) to be analysis.
3) Principal concern categories.
4) Known assumptions and constraints.
5) Historical data sources to be used.
6) Time constraints that govern the risk assessment.
7) Personnel required (and available) to support the risk assessment at various stages.

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8) Methods to be used.
5.6 Implementation of Control Options.

5.6.1 Once an appropriate control option has been decided on, it will be implemented and its
implementation recorded in the Hazard Identification Worksheet.

5.6.2 If the option is a set of safe procedures, these procedures will be added to the Typical
Project HSE Management Plan (Refer to the DIC Procedure “Typical Project HSE
Management Plan” PMP-HSE-01).

5.6.3 The frequency of inspection for each control will be based on the degree of risk the
hazards represents

6.0 WORK FLOW

6.1 Classify Work Activities.

Prepare a list of work activities step by step covering premises, plant, use of tools and
equipment, use of any hazardous material, people and procedures, and gather
information about them.

6.2 Identify Hazards (Look for the hazards).

1) Look for the hazards. (Fall, Fire, Suffocation, Electrocution, Collapse of excavation
etc.)
2) Identify all significant hazards relating to each work activity and consider who
might be harmed and how.(Men, Material, Machinery)

6.3 Determine Risk.

1) Make a subjective estimate of risk associated with each hazard assuming that
planned or existing controls are in place.
2) Assessors should also consider the effectiveness of the controls and the

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consequences of their failure.

6.4 Decide if Risk is tolerable.

1) Evaluate the risks and decide whether the existing precautions are adequate or
whether more should be done.
2) Judge whether planned or existing precautions (if any) are sufficient to keep the
hazard under control and meet legal requirements.

6.5 Prepare Risk Control Action Plan.

1) Record your findings.
2) Prepare a plan to deal with any issues found by the assessment to require
attention.
3) Organizations should ensure that new and existing controls remain in place and
are effective.
4) Identify the subject which may obstruct to implement the risk assessment and
coordinate with concern department.

6.6 Review Adequacy of Action Plan.

1) Review your assessment and revise it if necessary.
2) Re-assess risks on the basis of the revised controls and check that risks will be
tolerable.

7.0 ATTACHMENT
1) Attachment 1 : Typical HSE Organization Structure.
2) Attachment 2 : Figure 2. Risk Evaluation Process.
3) Attachment 3.: Steps in a Hazard Management Program.
4) Attachment 4 : Hazard Control Decision Tree.
5) Attachment 5 : Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Worksheet.
6) Attachment 6 : A Simple Risk Level Estimator.
7) Attachment 7 : Generic Risk Criteria

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< Attachment 1 >

[Typical Project HSE Organization Structure].

Project Manager

HSE HSE Manager

Committee
Project Control
QA/QC
Manager
Manager

Project
Engineer
Engineering Procurement Construction
Manager Manager Manager

Design HSE L.E

Procurement Inspection L.E
L.E
Section L.E
Site HSE Committee

Design Engineers
Site Superintendent

Field Site HSE Manager

Supervisor

Foreman
and/or Team HSE Supervisor HSE Supervisor
Security Officer
Leader
Foreman Subcontractor’
and/or Team s CM, HSE
Leader Manager
Typical Site HSEWorkers
Organization Structure
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[Typical Site HSE Organization Structure].

Construction Manager

Site HSE Site HSE Manager

Committee

Project Coordinator

QA/QC Material Control Admin. Control

Manager Mgr. Manager Manager

Field Engineers
Mgr.
Site Superintendent
First Aid &
Field Engineers Medical Clinics

Section
Superintendents

Field Supervisors HSE Supervisor HSE Supervisor

Security Officer

Foreman Subcontractor’ Foreman Subcontractor’

and/or Team s Foreman and/or Team s CM, HSE
Leader and/or Team Leader Manager
Leader

Workers

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< Attachment 2 > [ Risk Evaluation Process ]

Identify the task

Think before prior to work

commencing

Identify the hazards and the

associated accident scenarios

Evaluate the
consequences of the
possible accidents

Estimate the
probabilities of the
accidents occuring

Assess the risk to be

associated with the process

Take appropriate action based

on the estimated risk

Accomplish the task safely

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, Rev. No 1

RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK Page. No 22 of 26

< Attachment 3 >

[ Steps in a Hazard Management Program ]

Monitor work activities.

Identify Hazards.

Analyze Risk.

(Likelihood and Severity)

Evaluate Risk & Considering

Existing Measures.

Risk adequately Risk not adequately

controlled. controlled.

Monitor. Consider further

measures.

Feedback & Review. Implement further

measures.
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 Internal Use Only

PROCEDURE Doc. No P-SE-00325

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, Rev. No 1

RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK Page. No 23 of 26

< Attachment 4 > [Hazard Control Decision Tree].

Can the
Hazard be List Options.
eliminated?
Yes

No

Can the
List Options.
contact with
hazard be
isolated? Yes

No

Yes
Can the
contact with List Options.
hazard be
minimized?

No

What equipment and

Protective clothing
are needed to protect
employees from
harm?

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 Internal Use Only

PROCEDURE Doc. No P-SE-00325

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, Rev. No 1

RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK Page. No 24 of 27

< Attachment 5 > [Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Worksheet].

Construction Stage. Location.

Work Activity.

No. Potential Hazards. Control Measures. Severity. Likelihood Risk Level. Procedure No.
Harm.

Position. Name/Signature. Person responsible for Implementation.

Assessed
Date: / /
by.
Position. Name/Signature. Date.

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 Internal Use Only

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, Rev. No 1

RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK Page. No 25 of 26

< Attachment 6 >

[A Simple Risk Level Estimator]

Likelihood.

Frequent. Likely. Unlikely. Remote.

Fatality. High. High. High. High.

Severity. Severe. High. High. Medium. Low.

Major. High. High. Low. Low.

Minor. Medium. Medium. Low. Low.

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, Rev. No 1

RISK ASSESSMENT AND RISK Page. No 26 of 26

< Attachment 7 >

[Generic Risk Criteria].

RATING IMPACT PROBABILITY

S Disabling injury, loss of body part ·Repetitive event

or fatality. ·At least once per year
P Loss of function of facility for ·Several times in the life cycle of a
extended period, with business project
High
consequences, major quality ·Has happened frequently in similar
deviation. circumstances
E Reportable violation, toxic release. ·Greater than 50% chance of occurring.
D High repair cost (typically>$100K)
S Medical aid injury. ·Infrequent event
P Short duration loss of function, ·May only happen occasionally
serious quality deviation, medium (less than once per year)
business impact. ·Has been observed in similar
Medium
E Non-reportable spill, non-toxic circumstances
release. ·10 to 50% chance of occurring.
D Moderate repair cost
(typically>$10K,<100K)
S First aid injury. ·Unlikely event
P Brief interruption or minor quality ·Never happened to date
deviation. ·May happen less than once in 10
Low E Minor leak, non-toxic fugitive years
emission. ·Has never been observed but is still
D Low repair cost (typically<$10K) felt to be a possibility
·Less than 10% chance of occurring.

S – Personnel Safety P – Business/Production E – Environmental D - Damage