Chapter I

THE PROBLEM 

This chapter presents the introduction as an overview of what the study is

all about to show its importance, the theoretical and conceptual framework, the

statement of the problem, the statement of hypothesis, the significance of the

study, and the definition of terms.

Introduction 

This study aimed to examine "The Social Media Addiction among Grade

12 ABM Students in Agusan National High School as Basis for Their Academic

Performance." Using social media too much can lead to serious addictions and

their associated consequences. Anxiety, depression, irritability, and isolation are

symptoms of distancing oneself from the real world and from family relationships.

Loss of control, etc. But what do we really mean by addiction?

An addiction is a dependence on substances or activities that are harmful

to health or psychological equilibrium. These activities include, for example,

playing video games, already classified as an illness by the World Health

Organization; an obsession with work, on- and off-line gaming; and, for many, the

excessive use of social media, which in fact now has over 3 billion active users

throughout the world.

 
Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework 

The cognitive explanation theory contends that social media addiction is

the result of flawed cognition and that people use social media to seek solace

from both internal and external issues. Addiction to social media is typically

categorized as a type of "cyber-relationship" addiction. Despite the manifold of

possible theories for understanding social media use in everyday life, this paper

utilizes only four archetypal theories: Goffman’s symbolic interactionism,

Bourdieu’s theory of practice, Sartre’s existentialism, and Heidegger’s

phenomenology.

Social platforms are expanding quickly in the present era. Every day, a

large number of individuals utilize it all over the world. Teenagers, in particular,

use social media frequently. It has evolved into a venue for entertainment and

self-expression. Teenagers are, nevertheless, frequently dependent on social

media. Addiction to social media has a number of detrimental repercussions,

such as poor study habits, detachment from reality, and health issues. Students

who are addicted to social media have bad study habits. Social media can

generate distractions for even the best learners. Students occasionally

participate in their online classes, but because their minds are elsewhere, they

don’t concentrate on studying. When their teacher is discussing anything,

students frequently use their phones to check Instagram, Facebook, or

communicate with their friends. To stay updated on social media, they frequently

check their phones. How can they comprehend what their teacher is attempting
to say if they continue to behave in this manner in their online classes? Addiction

to social media leads kids to form poor study habits. A hardworking teen may

become unmotivated as a result.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study 

Internet addiction is becoming a growing phenomenon across the world

due to the tendency of Internet overuse for varied reasons. The objective of this

study is to identify the extent of Internet use and level of addiction among

teenagers, whose ages range from 13 to 17 years old. This also includes the risk

factor and the impact on their social life. 

Statement of the Problem 

The purpose of this study entitled “The Social Media of Addiction in Grade

12 ABM students in Agusan National High School as Basis for Their Academic

Performance” is to determine the significant influence of social media addiction

on the study habits of the senior high students in Agusan National High School. 

Hence, the study will answer the following problems: 

1. What are the factors in social media that affect a student's

academic performance?

2. What factors influence students’ use of social media?

3. What are the positive and negative effects of social media on

students?

4. What are the problems they face?

5. How did they cope with them? 

Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationally:

 Social Media - refers to the means of interactions among people in which

they create, share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities

and networks.

Addiction - an inability to stop using a substance or engaging in a behavior

even though it is causing psychological and physical harm.

Academic Performance - the measurement of student achievement across

various academic subjects.

Statement of Hypothesis 

Ho1: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between

the level of social networking sites and students’ self-esteem. This includes some

factors, namely the level of confidence and time spent on social networks. The

participants of the study included 30 adolescents from 12 ABM students in the

Agusan National High School Department. Findings revealed that most of the

respondents are female and that Facebook is the most commonly used social

networking site. It further revealed the level of social networking site usage

among students.

Ho2: The study did find a correlation between social media use and

depression. Analysis of the results showed that social media use has the

potential to affect individuals’ mental health. In fact, this study indicated that a link

between increased usage of social media and depression exists.

  

  

  

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or

conclusions, methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter

helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present

study.

Note:  
  At least 6 Local Related Literature and 6 Foreign Related

Literature  

Local Related Literature 

According to the compiled statistical report of We Are Social (2018), the

proliferation of social media and internet use can be seen in various parts of the

world. The Philippines has the most social media usage in the world, as the

number of Internet users nationwide reached 67 million, with an average daily

usage of nine hours and twenty-nine minutes via any device. The data from this

study reflect the 12% annual growth of Filipino social media and Internet users

from the previous year. Among social media applications, Facebook has the

largest number of users (67 million), followed by Youtube.

 Foreign Related Literature 

According to Lee and Shin (2016), when adolescents experience stress,

they tend to turn to unhealthy lifestyle practices such as alcohol and tobacco use

and internet addiction, which could lead to irregular sleeping patterns. They

found a positive association between smartphone addiction and perceived stress

in their study.

Yu et al. (2016) stated that such sites can be viewed as offering

opportunities to create online relationships to compensate for the lack of offline

social interaction and thereby satisfy the needs for social connection. The
deficiencies in meeting those needs for social connection will make them adapt

to more frequent behavior to fulfill them.

Furthermore, a negative association was found between internet addiction

and spirituality (Rahmati, 2017), which indicates that the spiritual health that

helps adolescents protect against a host of negative health outcomes can be

altered by any form of addiction and could even lead to religious and spiritual

struggle among young people, especially with internet pornography.

Understanding the impact of social media on adolescents’ well-being has

become a priority due to a simultaneous increase in mental health problems.

Problematic behaviors related to internet use are often described in psychiatric

terminology, such as "addiction" and "increase in mental health problems."

Problematic behaviors related to internet use are often described in psychiatric

terminology, such as "addiction." However, some activity in younger people could

be misconstrued as abnormal. For example, young people who frequently post

images of themselves (selfies) may appear narcissistic, but such behavior has

emerged as a social norm in younger social networks (Kim, 2017).

According to Crone & Konijn (2018), the co-occurring trends of increased

social media use and changes in risky behaviors among adolescents over the

past decade may be related to each other, as the behavioral manifestation of

adolescent risk taking and sensation seeking has been shown to change in

relation to broader social and cultural factors throughout history. According to the

displacement hypothesis, frequent social media use replaces time spent on

health-related behaviors.
 There are several factors, for instance, economic problems, psychological

disorders, and physical inabilities, that make young people escape from the real

world. The poor social relationships in real life may drive young people to seek

attention through social media. Young people were seeking acceptance through

social media through a series of behaviors such as frequently updating their

status on Facebook, expressing feelings on Twitter, or posting photos on

Instagram. which clearly states that a lack of friends is the primary reason for

social media addiction. A sense of belonging and popularity act as psychological

needs among young people. Lonely people may use social networking sites

excessively. Loneliness is always related to negative emotions (Jeri-Yabar et al.,

2019). 

 At least 6 Local Related Studies  and 6 Foreign Related Studies    

Local Related Studies 

Foreign Related Studies 

Duzce University, Faculty of Education, Computer Education, and

Instructional Technology (2016), In this study, the direct and indirect effects of

self-esteem, daily internet use, and social media addiction on depression levels

in adolescents have been investigated by testing a model. This descriptive study

was conducted with 1130 students aged between 12 and 18 who are enrolled at

different schools in the southern region of the Aegean. In order to collect data,

the "Children’s Depression Inventory," the "Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale," and

the "Social Media Addiction Scale" have been used. In order to test the

hypotheses, Pearson’s correlation and structural equation modeling were

performed. The findings revealed that self-esteem and social media addiction

predict 20% of daily internet use. Furthermore, while depression was associated

with low self-esteem and daily internet use directly, social media addiction

affected depression indirectly. A tested model was able to predict 28% of the

depression among adolescents.

According to Steers, Wicham, and Acitelli (2016), as the use of social

media and social networking sites widened rapidly, studies investigating the

effects of this increase on depression were conducted. reported that daily time

spent on social media was causing an adjuvant effect on the depression levels of

the high school students. In another study, De Choudhury, Counts, and Horvitz

(2017) developed a model that aimed to analyze the tweets of individuals in order

to determine their depression levels. As a result of the study, it was reported that

social media platforms such as Twitter could be consistent, reliable sources for

measuring the depression levels of individuals. It was also stated that detecting

any sign of depression at its early stages would enable specialists to prevent and

intervene with symptoms before they escalated. Another study that investigated

the Facebook status updates of the university students revealed that 25% of the

students were showing depressive symptoms, and 2.5% of them were

determined to be in a major depressive episode.

According to this study, staying longer on Facebook was making students

more depressed. In contrast to the finding of Jelenchick, Eickhoff, and Moreno

(2017), who stated that there was no significant relationship between daily time

spent on social networking platforms and depression among university students.

Furthermore, another study found that adolescents with high levels of

smartphone addiction skip their meals more frequently, eat their meals faster,

and consume fewer quantities of vegetables than their counterparts with lower

levels of smartphone addiction (Kim, Lee et al., 2017).

Part of The Lancet: Discovery Science (2018) systematically reviewed

MEDLINE for studies about social media use and mental health in adolescents

published in English between the database’s inception and May 30, 2018, using

the following search terms: "social media," "adolescent," "cyberbullying," "mental

health," "self-esteem," "sleep," and "body image." Studies suggest social media

use is associated with mental health in young people; several identified plausible

potential explanations for links between social media use and mental health,

including experiences of online harassment, effects on sleep, self-esteem, and

body image.