IV.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND MATERIALS

LOCAL HERITAGE WHAT LEARNERS
THEME SHOULD KNOW
IV. A. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
There are no tribes or indigenious
people living inside the Catbalogan
City – Charo Nabong-Cabardo.
IV. B. INDIGENOUS MATERIAL
ABACA Abaca, is known worldwide as
Manila hemp. It is being heralded
as the natural fiber for the next
millennium. It is indigenous to the
Philippines whose warm, wet
climate and volcanic soild are
particulartly suited to its cultivation.
It has been grown in the Philippines
for the past five centuries. Long
before the Spanish occupation, the
Filipinos were already growing
abaca and weaving cloth from
abaca fibers. (DTI-SAMAR, 1999)
Abca can be considered as the most
common and known indigenous
materials in the locality.
WHAT LEARNERS
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Long before, we are gifted with skills
of weaving and we produces many
artistic products. - Advocacy Campaign
In general, the learners must learn the - Learners should see picture of
various ways of making artistic an abaka plant where abaka fibers
products of those abaca. We also have were made of, and also pictures of
to be creative to create design and be products made from abaka.
unique as well.
If we feel so much love for our own
indigenous materials, we can create
many products that are worthy to be
sold and crafted from the locality.

Samar is a major supplier of As a major supplier of rattan, we

RATTAN rattan to the furniture makers of have to be grateful because this
Luzon and Visayas. kind of indigenous materials is - Advocacy Campaign
useful.
Rattan is a climbing species of

LOCAL HERITAGE WHAT LEARNERS
THEME SHOULD KNOW
Palmea of Aracaceae family that
grown naturally in both virgin
and secondary logged – over
dipterocarp forests. It has a
gestation period of 10-15 years.
There are more than 70 species
of rattan in the Philippines. In
Samar, there are twelve recorded
species; kalapi, palasan, ilihian,
nukot, malabagakay, oway,
babe, gungo, buan, tagobunga,
pakpakan, oway bangkaw and
olisi. (DTI-SAMAR, 1999)
Tikog (Fimbristylis globulosa) is
TIKOG a sedge plant belonging to the
family of Cyperceae. It grows at
low altitude in wet, swampy
places, and abandoned rice
fields. When mature, the stalk
reaches 1 to 3 meters long and
about 4 millimeters in diameter.
Its stalk is dried and dyed and
then woven into mats, bags, hats,
placemats, baskets and other
novelty items. (DTI-SAMAR,
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Generally, raw rattan is processed -Learners should see picture
into several products to be used as of rattan plant , and also
materials in furniture making. The pictures of products made f
various species of rattan range rattoan.
from several millimeters up to 5-7
cm in diameter. From a strand of
rattan, the skin is usually peeled
off, to be used as rattan weaving
material. The remaining “core” of
the rattan can be used for various
purposes in furniture making.
Rattan is a very good material
mainly because it is lightweight,
durable, suitable for outdoor use,
and – to a cetain extent – flexible.
As a student, we should think of
creative ways to use tikog - Advocacy Campaign
differently. We must feel the
courage to invent things even -Learners should see picture of
though we don’t have enough tikog plant , and also pictures
knowledge about it. of products made of tikog.

LOCAL HERITAGE WHAT LEARNERS
THEME SHOULD KNOW
1999)
SEAGRASS BEDS Seagrass beds along the coastline
are scarce due to exploitation of
important food fishes and other
valued items. Patchiness of this
key habitat could be found in the
sandy shores of Silangay Bay in
Catbalogan. (Tandaya, Caritas,
GIOS, SNV-1994)
Common genus found are
Enhalus and Halophila but are
generally in poor condition. An
ugent management program
should be initiated to rescue this
fragile ecosystem. (Tandaya,
Caritas, GIOS, SNV-1994)
BURI Buri are extracted from the
matured leaves of the buri palm.
The fiber is durable and resistant
to moisture. The products are
place mats, hats, bags, baskets,
and other woven products. Also
for packaging and baling
purposes. It was incorporated
with other materials to form
novelty items, magazine rack,
compact disk, wall décors, food
WHAT LEARNERS
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We never thought of having an
indigenous material growing in
the sea . But then, seagrass bed are - Advocacy Campaign
found along the coastline and are
scarce due to exploitation of - Learners should see picture
important food fishers and other of Seagrass Beds , and also
valued items. pictures of products made of
Seagrass Beds..
The learners must bear in mind
that not all things are already
known. We must read so that we
can learn different facts every day.
We must also feel thankful as God
has given us so much ways to have
different products from different
forms of raw products.
Since Buri is a fiber which is
durable and resistant to moisture,
it can somehow help us during -Advocacy Campaign
heavy rains. It would prevent our
houses from wetting. -Learners should see picture
of Buri , and also pictures of
As a learner, we must consider products made of Buri..
having different means to
construct more creative products.
We have to unleash the creativity
within us.
 WHAT LEARNERS
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trays, jewelry box, square box,
memorabilia bozes, perfume
tray, and tray. (Gowtham
Javvedi, 2007)

A Batulang or basket is a
BATULANG (BASKET) container which is traditionally
constructed from stiff fibers,
which can be made from a range
materials, including bamboo,
wood splints, runners, and cane.
While most baskets are made
from plant materials, other
materials such as horsehair,
baleen, or metal wire can be
used. Baskets are generally
woven by hand. Some baskets
are fitted with a lid, others are
left open.
Baskets serve utilitarian as well as
aesthetic purposes. Some baskets
are ceremonial that is religious, in
nature. While baskets are typically
used for storage and transport,
specialized baskets are as sieves,
for cooking, processing seeds or
grains, tossing gambling pieces,
rattles, fans, fish traps, laundry and
other uses. We must be proud
having these materials.
They should learn about on
how they are being used by
transport gathered food and
other items and other purposes
as well.
Learner should see and
manipulate and try using these
material.

BANIG Banig refers to the traditional We must be proud that we have The learner should study about
woven mat made in the this kind of material that can be the traditional hand-woven mat
Philippines. The raw materials made various kind of products and in their locality and how banig
used in weaving banig vary can be used also as wall decors. was made from and specially
among ethnolinguistic groups, the purpose of this traditional
depending on available hand woven or what we called
resources. Banig is usually made banig.
of tikug and buri.
 WHAT LEARNERS
WHAT LEARNERS
LOCAL HERITAGE WHAT LEARNERS SHOULD DO TO
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-The mat is made of tikug and
buri (palm) wherein the leaves
are dried, sometimes dyed, then
cut into strips and woven into
mats, which may be plain or
intricate

NIGO ( Winnower ) A nigo or Winnower is a form Learners should feel proud of this The learners should see and
of fan used for winnowing is a material. The traditional way of utilize this material to be fully
popular indigenous material here separating grains from chaff and aware of the use and its
in samar which is made of husks. importance.
bamboo and nito. It is used to
separate grain from chaff. It is
also used to removed weevils or
other pests from stored grain. by
separating grain from husks.
Nigo is made of split thin
bamboo and nito, to free (grain)
 WHAT LEARNERS
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from the lighter particles of
chaff, dirt, etc., especially by
throwing it into the air and
allowing the wind or a forced
current of air to blow
away….Sometimes it is used
also as food tray when vending
food and vegetables

GAPAS They should know the Learners should feel the Learners should be provided
importance of trees and what it importance of trees and that they with activities that would
can do to prevent flood and air too are part of the community and encourage them to take care of
pollution. should also be responsible in the environment such as annual
taking care of the environment in tree planting.
Cotton fabric, pillows and yarn their own little way.
are made out of this tree

They should showcase these

LUSONG AND BAYO Lusong and Bayo – these are They should think how to preserve indigenous materials so that
indigenous materials use by the these so that the next generation other children may know.
locals for rice pounding. These are may have enough knowledge of They need to see and
made from woods. these materials they are to be manipulate these materials.
 WHAT LEARNERS
WHAT LEARNERS
LOCAL HERITAGE WHAT LEARNERS SHOULD DO TO
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proud of, thankful and honoured
of their ancestors.

LUWAG Luwag - is a big spoon made of They should think how to preserve Learners should showcase
coconut sheel with handle made of
these materials so that the next these indigenous materials so
wooden material used for cooking
generation may have enough that other children may know
and as serving spoon by our knowledge of these materials that the existence of these
ancestors.
they are going to be proud of, materials. Learners should try
thankful and honoured of their making these materials.
DABA ( Clay Pots ) Daba - Is a container, made of
clay, typically rounded or ancestors.
cylindrical used for storage or
cooking.

BESO Beso - A container, typically

rounded or cylindrical, made of clay
bigger than that of DAVA ,used for
keeping water cool especialy in
summer.

BALOTO Baloto - BALOTO or Paddled Boat

is a small human-powered
watercarft propelled by the action
 WHAT LEARNERS
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of paddle. This is usually used in
transporting goods and also for
fishing.

BUGSAY Bugsay – these are paddle used by

the locals, is a paddle used by locals
in paddling a baloto and usually
made of wooden material.

Pukot – these are fishing nets used

PUKOT by the locals.

Bariw Bariw- This is kind of shrub used in The learners should feel proud and The learners should utilize
making mats and baskets also appreciate these materials that are these materials for these to be
known as “bayoong” in local available and seems to be peculiar exposed and to be seen by
dialect. to other people who will see it. other people.
Anahaw Anahaw- is a kind of palm tree used
in many ways as roofs, wall, native
fan, wrapper for delicacy
like”suman”from sticky riceand
some farmers used the leaves as
protection from sun and rain.
Balagon Balagon – is a kind of vine used for
rope ,used in tying firewoods,
materials in building native houses
such as tying of posts, stairways,
roofs, windows and doors. During
 WHAT LEARNERS
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calamities it is also used in
crossing rivers and floods.
Kogon Kogon- is a kind of grass used in
many ways as roofs, walls,
decorations and ornaments.
Farmers used this as cover of newly
harvested rice grains also known as
“Humay” Our ancestors used this
as alternative medicine for Urinary
Tract Infection (UTI) ,cold and
cough.
Hagnaya Hagnaya- is a kind of ferm used for Learners should feel the They should learn how to
rope, used in tying firewoods, importance of this material for make these material. Do it in
materials in building native houses transporting/carrying goods. EPP subjects.
such as tying of posts, stairways,
roofs, windows and doors. Others
used this as pot holder, decors and
furnitures.
Uway Uway- is a kind of vine with
many uses such as baskets, baby
crib, food tray, furnitures,decors
and tying of things. The learners
should know the history of these
materials.
They should know how it is
gathered.

They should know the uses of

these materials.
 WHAT LEARNERS
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Alat is usually or big basket

Alat container which is traditionally
made from stiff fibers, range
materials. While most baskets
are made from plant materials,
other materials such as
horsehair, baleen, or metal wire
can be used. Alat Baskets are
generally woven by hand made
of Nito, small bamboo strips and
Uway used by farmers to carry
harvested farm products .
Katupis Katupis is a woven folded
material used by farmers to carry
goods and harvested farm
products. It is usually made of
Nito and Uway.
PISI ( Rope ) Pisi is a rope made from abaka Learners should feel the They should learn how to
fibers. importance of this material for make this material. Do it in
tying piesces of materials and EPP subjects.
sometimes used also in tying
animals like carabaos and pigs.