STM 003: General Physics 1

SAS Module #24

Name: Class number:

Section: Schedule: Date:

Lesson title: Understanding Temperature, Heat, and Calculating Materials:

Thermal Expansion SAS
Lesson Objectives: References:
1. Distinguish between heat and temperature and Young H. & Freedman R. (2012).
describe thermal equilibrium and thermal expansion. University Physics with Modern
2. Solve problems related to thermal equilibrium and Physics, 13 ed. San Francisco,
thermal expansion. CA. USA: Addison – Wesley.
Junatas, Jeremiah N., Cabison,
Nigel N, and Cayabyab, Sheila P.
(2013). General Physics.
Dagupan City: Chrizam Printing
Press.
Beiser, Arthur. Modern Technical
Physics, 6th Edition.

Productivity Tip:
-- Set your mind and prepare yourself for work. Setting up your mind and preparing for work gets
you in the mood and energy for working. Warm-up, exercise and reflect before you start.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)
Examine the diagram below and describe or explain the
phenomenon depicted.

Answer:
2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)
Try answering the questions below by writing your ideas under the first column What I Know. It’s okay if
you write keywords or phrases that you think are related to the questions.

What I Know Questions: What I Learned

1 What is heat?

2 What is temperature?

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 STM 003: General Physics 1
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Section: Schedule: Date:

B. MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 2: Pre-Printed Content Notes (13 mins)

Temperature is a relative measure, or indication, of hotness or Celsius (°𝐶) Kelvin (K) Description
coldness. Thermometer is used to measure temperature. The two -273 °𝐶 0K Absolute zero temperature
0 °𝐶 273 K Freezing point of water
familiar temperature scales are the Fahrenheit and Celsius 21 °𝐶 294 K Room temperature
temperature scales; though we have also the temperature scales 37 °𝐶 310 K Average body temperature
Rankine and the Kelvin temperature scales that are also in used. 100 °𝐶 373 K Boiling point of water

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 STM 003: General Physics 1
SAS Module #24

Name: Class number:

Section: Schedule: Date:

Formulas for Conversion of

Units in Temperature
By far the most obvious and commonly used property is thermal expansion, a
change in the dimensions or volume of a substance that occurs when temperature 𝑇(𝐾) = 𝑇(°𝐶) + 273
changes.
𝑇(°𝐶) = 𝑇(𝐾) − 273
Heat is related to temperature and describes the process of energy transfer from
one object to another. That is, heat is the net energy transferred from one object to 9
another object because of temperature difference. Generally, heat transfer is the 𝑇(°𝐹) = 𝑇(°𝐶) + 32°
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result of temperature difference. Thus, heat is energy in transit.

When heat is transferred between two objects, whether or not they are touching, they are said to be in thermal
contact. When there is no longer a net heat transfer between objects in thermal contact, they have come to the
same temperature and are said to be in thermal equilibrium.

THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION

Thermal Expansion – the condition when matters gained heat and their temperatures increase, they expand.
Thermal Contraction – the condition when matters lost heat and their temperature decrease, they contract/shrink.
Thermal Linear Expansion Illustration:

When an object is heated, its length increases. The original length 𝐿𝑜 of

an object changes by an amount ∆L when its temperature changes by
an amount ∆T. This amount of change in length ∆𝐿
is computed using: ∆L
∆𝐿 = 𝛼𝐿𝑜∆𝑇
where α – coefficient of linear expansion
We can also calculate ∆L by ∆𝐿 = 𝐿ƒ − 𝐿𝑜 if final length 𝐿ƒ is known.
Thermal Area Expansion Illustration:

When an object is heated, its original surface area 𝐴𝑜expands in two

dimensions x and y. The amount of change in area ∆𝐴 is calculated
using:
∆𝐴 = 2𝛼𝐴𝑜∆𝑇
But 𝛽 = 2𝛼, hence 𝐴 = 𝛽𝐴𝑜∆𝑇 ∆A
where β – coefficient of volume expansion
We can also calculate ∆A by ∆𝐴 = 𝐴ƒ − 𝐴𝑜 if final area 𝐴ƒ is known.

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 STM 003: General Physics 1
SAS Module #24

Name: Class number:

Section: Schedule: Date:

Thermal Volume Expansion Illustration:

When an object is heated and gained heat and expands in volume. The
amount of change in volume ∆𝑉 is calculated using

∆𝑉 = 3𝛼𝑉𝑜∆𝑇
But 𝛽 = 3𝛼, hence ∆𝑉 = 𝛽𝑉𝑜 ∆𝑇
We can also calculate ∆V by ∆𝑉 = 𝑉ƒ − 𝑉𝑜 if final area 𝑉ƒ is known.
∆V

Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion (𝑎) - is a measure of the change in length of a material in response to a change
in its temperature.

Coefficient of Area Thermal Expansion– relates the change in a material's area dimensions to a change in temperature. It is
the fractional change in area per degree of temperature change.

Coefficient of Volume Thermal Expansion (𝛽) – relates the change in a material's volume to a change in temperature. It is
the fractional change in volume per degree of temperature change.

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities

Directions: Solve the following problems. Show all pertinent solutions.

1. Nitrogen freezes at – 2100C. What is the Fahrenheit equivalent of – 2100C?

2. The bimetallic strip of a thermostat consists of strips of copper and steel 10 cm long that are fastened
together and bent into coil. If the strips have the same length at 20 0C, what is the difference in their lengths
at 2000C? (𝛼𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 1.7𝑥10−5/ , 𝛼𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 1.2𝑥10−5/ )

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SAS Module #24

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Section: Schedule: Date:

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

Go back to Activity 1 because it’s time to answer the questions in the What I Learned chart. Log in your
answers in the third column of the table.

4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (5 mins)

Directions: Solve the following problems. Show all pertinent solutions.

1. The air temperature on a hot summer day is 950F. What is the Celsius equivalent of 950F?

2. A 1.000-L Pyrex beaker is filled to the brim with water at 200C. When the beaker is heated, 15 cm3 of water
overflow. What is the new temperature of the beaker and its contents?

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 STM 003: General Physics 1
SAS Module #24

Name: Class number:

Section: Schedule: Date:

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins)
Congratulations on finishing this module! Shade the number of the module that you finished.

My Work Tracker: Your are done with session! Lets track your progress:
FIRST QUARTER SECOND QUARTER
Ptask Q1 Ptask Q2
Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

b) Think about learning by filling up your “My Learning Tracker”. Write the learning targets, your scores,
and learning experience for the session.
Date Learning Target/Topic Scores Action Plan

What module# did you do?
What’s the date
What were the learning targets?
today?
What activities did you do?
What contributed to the quality of your performance today?
What were your scores
What will you do next session to maintain your performance or
in the activities?
improve it?

FAQs

Describe thermal expansion in terms of the movement of particles.

Answer: When particles get hot, they move faster, gaining kinetic energy, and start to spread out. Therefore, the particles
take up more space.

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 STM 003: General Physics 1
SAS Module #24

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Section: Schedule: Date:

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

ACTIVITY 3
9 9
1. Solution: 𝑇 + 32 = (−210 ) + 32° = −346 ans.
(°𝐹) = 𝑇(°𝐶)
5 5

2. Solution: Both have the same original length, 𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = 𝐿𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 10 𝑐𝑚 and the same change in

temperature, ∆𝑇𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = ∆𝑇𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 200 − 20 = 180

The increase in length of copper is ∆𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = (1.7𝑥10−5 / )(10 𝑐𝑚)(180 ) = 0.0306 𝑐𝑚

The increase in length of steel is ∆𝐿𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = (1.2𝑥10−5 / )(10 𝑐𝑚)(180 ) = 0.0216 𝑐𝑚
Their difference in length is ∆𝐿𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 − ∆𝐿𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 = 0.0306 − 0.0216 = 0.009 𝑐𝑚 ans.

ACTIVITY 5

1. Solution: From 𝑇 5
= (𝑇 − 32°); hence 𝑇
5
= (95° − 32°) = 35
(°𝐶) (°𝐹) (°𝐶)
9 9

2. Solution: Note: 1.000 L = 1,000 cm3 and ∆𝑇w = ∆𝑇𝑏 = 𝑇ƒ − 20 .

∆𝑉w − ∆𝑉𝑏 = 15 𝑐𝑚3

𝛼w 𝑉w ∆𝑇w − 𝛼𝑏 𝑉𝑏 ∆𝑇𝑏 = 15 𝑐𝑚 3

(2.1 𝑥 10−4 / )(1000 𝑐𝑚 3)(𝑇ƒ − 20 ) − (0.09 𝑥 10−4 / )(1000 𝑐𝑚 3 )(𝑇ƒ − 20 ) = 15 𝑐𝑚 3

On simplifying: 𝑇ƒ = 95 ans.

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Section: Schedule: Date:

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